Carbohydrates

Zuzana BittnerováMagda Vičíková

Carbohydrates in nature living organism

food

wood, paper and cotton

DNA

Photosynthesis Synthese by green plants during

photosynthesis

6126222 6066 OHCOHCO sunlight

Generally classification Simple = monosaccharids

Glucose

Complex: oligosaccharids

Saccharosa

polysaccharids Cellulose

Glucose – general information

CAS RNA: 50-99-7 molecular formula: C6H12O6

synonyms: dextrosa, pyranosa, grape sugar, blood sugar

structural formula: Fischer projection X Haworth projection

Glucose – chemical properties

white crystalline matter molecular weight = 180,1572 40,00% carbon, 7,00% hydrogen and 53,00%

oxygen lethal dose for rabbits is 35 g/kg detection of glucose: Fehling agent

Glucose – physical properties

density of glucose: 1,54 g/cm solubility: 100 g/1kg of water sweetness: 74%

melting point: according to anomers monohydrate alfa-D-glucose: 83C anhydrate alfa-D-glucose: 146 C beta-D-glucose: 148 ‑ 155 C

Glucose – role in organism

energetic substrate for all cellules metabolism of proteins, sacharids and lipids conversion into another monosacharids and

their derivatives in the form of glykogen or as fat in adipose

tissue

Glucose – power profit anaerobic conditions:

glycolysis 2 mol ATP aerobic conditions:

aerobic glycolysis + oxidizing decarboxylation

+ citric acid cycle + respiratory chain 36-38 mol ATP

1 gram of glucose - 17 kJ, that is 4 kcal

Glucose – source for man

fruit and vegetables

food

part of: oligosaccharids (maltose …) polysaccharids (glykogen…)

Glucose - content in tissue

in extracellular liquid in blood: 0,08 – 0,1% content in human body: 10-20g

Glucose – control system

the most important organ: liver

concentration of glucose in blood:constant value

concentration of glucose and its metabolism are regulated by hormones

inzulin, glukagon, adrenalin and kortizol

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