car park jet fan

7/15/2019 Car Park Jet Fan

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Kruger Induced Jet Fan Ventilation Systems

C ar P ar k V en t i l a t i on S y s t em



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Kruger Induced Jet Fan

Why our model outperforms products from our competitors

Velocity V as a function of distance z

V z versus spatial grid (x, z)

Kruger Induced Jet Fan is a special

designed fan to achieve high impulse throwof discharging air. It consists of anattenuator at the suction and discharge

side, pre-designed inlet and outlet guidevane. The fan units are of high efficiency

axial TDA-F series. TDA-F series was testedand certified at Warrington Fire ResearchCentre Ltd, UK on BS standard BS 7346Class B, at rated temperature 250°C for 2

hours and Class D 300°C for an hour.

Various industrial methods exist for

building ventilation system design. Oneof the most efficient ways of distributingthe fresh air uniformly throughout the car

park and transportation of thecontaminated air from one end of the

building to the other for disposal is bymeans of a system of induced jet fan(IJA) units. IJAs can be mounted ontothe ceiling of an architectural facility in

both series and parallel array such thatthe induction of air can take placethrough these chains of fans. A typicalIJA can have an air throw distance of up

to 40 meters. This allows air from theoutlet of a IJA to travel for a specificallowable distance before losing itsmomentum and to be induced into the

inlet of an adjacent IJA in the samedirection of the air flow.

Kruger Induced Jet Fans with volumeflow rate up to 7600 CMH and a throwdistance of 35 m

Illustration of single IJA velocity profile using colour plot. 300 monitor

points scattered over 10.5×19 meters (represented by black dots)measure the localised z-velocity in the (x, z) spatial grid

What is an InducedJet Fan?

Kruger Induced JetFan

All our jet fans are built with high qualityassurance and verified using advancedtest equipment. We calibrate our fanmodel based on the AMCA standard.



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Ventilation System in Car Park

Purging of Smoke and Heat based on Induced Jet Fans

Normal ventilation is used during normal traffic operation to maintain acceptable levelsof contaminants (CO and CO2) in the car park areas. A 6 ACH (Air Change per Hour) isrecommended for the normal ventilation purpose.

Emergency Ventilation is introduced during a fire mode to remove, control and dilute of smoke and contaminants particles. The major purpose of emergency ventilation is toprovide a car park environment sufficiently clear of smoke and hot contaminant gases to

permit safe evacuation. Building regulations state the requirement for 10 ~ 12 ACH (Air

Change per Hour) in the event of fire operation.

Illustration of system velocity profile usingcolour plot. 500 monitor points scattered

over 18×19 meters (represented by black dots) measure the localised z-velocity in the

(x, z) spatial grid

Surface response curves for z-

vector velocity

Air Flow Profile of Induced Jet Fan

Tunnel

Entrance

and

Fresh air

inlet

Jet Fans Air Flow

Induced jet fans add momentum toboth air and smoke flow in a vehicle tunnel

Ventilation system based on induced jet fans is able to

induce heat and smoke effectively out of a car park

despite beam obstacles on the ceiling

Induced Jet Fan Ventilation System

A ventilation system that is based on

the utilisation of induced jet fans is analternative to the conventional ductsystem. The air in one region can be

transported through a long distance bythe induction of the air through the fanunits in a series mode. However thereare many factors such as the allocatednumber of units and the volume flowrate of each of these units that affect an

optima arrangement of fans to providegood ventilation. In addition, there arealso flow barriers and obstacles in anarchitectural facility such as pillars and

beams that will affect the air flow of thesystem. Such an arrangement is alsodependent on the structuralconfiguration of the building. Kruger has

the expertise of presenting effective

ventilation under fire conditions. Anoperational example of the vehicletunnel ventilation during a fire outbreak

is shown below.



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Kruger Induced Jet Fan Ventilation System Integrating our fans to design the perfect ventilation system

Advantages of Kruger Induced Jet fan System

Kru er Induced Jet Fan Ventilation S stem

Induced Jet Fan Ventilation System

Characteristics - Induced Jet Fan Ventilation S stem

This longitudinal ventilation is achieved with specially designed Kruger Induced Jet Fans , which create an impulse, that push and force the smoke orcontaminants air along the direction as designed. The high air velocity outlet of the Kruger Induced Jet Fan is specially guided by the pre-designed outlet

and inlet guide vane which will provide a long distance of air throw that creates

an induce air towards the jet profile. These induce air help ventilate and dilutethe contaminants air at the low level especially on the normal mode where COor CO2 were exhausted out by automobile in the car park.

Induced jet fan or ductless fan system isanother alternative to air supply ducts inbuildings. It allows savings in operating costsin comparison with the conventional ductsystem. In addition, it is less costly to develop

a smoke purge system based on an array of axial fans instead of the conventional duct-based system. The fan units can be arrangedin series or parallel modes. The key objective

is to enable a continuous chain of air flowthrough these units without the use of aphysical duct.

The induction of air through multiple unitsresults in a chain of continuous moving air thatcan remove organic gases such as carbonmonoxide (CO) from the exhaust of cars andcarbon dioxide (CO2) from humanoid

occupants in an enclosed space. Since such aventilation system can create a channel of air

motion effectively, it replaces the conventionalducting system to transport air. The

elimination of ducts also means savings inspace and cost due to the spatial constraintenforced by the geometry of the ceiling andother installations that may act as obstacles.

Furthermore, the airstream can be directed inany orientation and both heating and coolingmodes are available. Eliminates of complicated ductworks:

Totally no duct require or minimum short ducting. Reduce the needs of expansion distribution ductwork, grill, louver, damper and etc.

Higher efficiency:Reduce system loss of complicated ductwork. Thus, reduce motors power,sound level, and finally electrical consumption reduction.

Space and clear height:More space and optimize clear height for car park and make other services(water piping, wiring and etc) installation easier.

Reduce completion time:Eliminate complicated ductworks construction time. Reduce other services

installation and co-ordinate time.

Exhaust Fan: Base on 10 ~ 12 ACH, emergency fire mode and 6 ACH for

normal mode operation.

Make-up Fan: To introduce fresh air into the car park area by mechanicalfresh air fans with the capacity of 50 ~ 80 % of the

Exhaust Ventilation Fan.

Both fresh air ducting system and exhaust ducting systems are designedparking area throughout the whole parking area.

A series of induced jet fans are installed to evenly distribution andeffectively direct the smoke and contaminants air to the exhaust.

Kruger Induced Jet Fan Ventilationsystem



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Smoke Control Using Induced Jet Fans

Looking into the modern smoke control system

Kruger Electronic-based Smoke Control System

Measured Signal

Measured Signal

Measured Signal

Smoke, Heat

and CO Probes

Exhaust Fans

Heat

Sensors

ch2

ch5

ch4

ch5 ch4

ch3

ch2

ch1

ch3 ch2

Smoke Control System

Supply Fan Controller

Air Jet Fan Controller

Exhaust Fan Controller

CO Indicator

Smoke Indicator

Threshold Functions

Temperature Indicator

Power Supply

+

-

ch0ch1ch2ch3ch4ch5ch6ch7



+ -

Supply Fan

Controller

Channels

Control SignalFrequency Inverter

SmokeSensors

CO

Sensors

Activation

Measured Signal

Measured Signal

Measured Signal

Smoke, Heat

and CO Probes

Kruger

Jet Fans

Heat

Sensors

CO Indicator

Smoke Indicator



SmokeSensors

CO

Sensors

Activation

Measured Signal

Measured Signal

Measured Signal

Smoke, Heatand CO Probes

Supply Fans

Heat

Sensors

CO Indicator

Smoke Indicator



Smoke

Sensors

CO

Sensors

Activation

Air Jet FanController

Channels

Activated

Jet FanAir Flow Heat, Smoke

& CO sensorsFire

Emergency region that requires immediate

purge of smoke and heat

Activated

Exhaust

Fan

Activated

Supply

Fan

Legend

Shown above is a smoke control electronic system for acar park that is installed with induced air jet fans, as

well as exhaust and supply fans. It is built with heat,smoke and CO sensors that will detect the presence of high temperature and smoke generation. The fanswithin the region of the fire will be activated to remove

the undesirable contaminants at an increased rate.

Emergency smoke and heat purge by induced jet fan ventilation system in a car park

On the left: When the sensors detect the presence of high temperature and smoke concentration, the fansassigned to the segment, which the controller identifies

as the fire region is activated. Only activated fans withinthe vicinity of the fire takes part in the purging process.

Kruger Smoke Control System

Kruger smoke control system is the state-of-the-art

technology that is developed by our very own team of engineers. As a result, it is of low initial cost and we ensurehigh quality and reliable data acquisition from sensor

probes and accurate control based on low levelprogrammed algorithms.

The control system typically consists of smoke, heat andCO probes that are strategically positioned at variouslocations in a car park. These probes detect temperature

and count of smoke particles and send the signal to acontrol system. If the system identifies an abnormal rise of heat and smoke concentration within a short period of timethat signifies the possibility of a fire, an alarm will be

activated. When these concentrations reach a level that isabove the threshold set by the system, the supply andexhaust fans will be increased to a higher operation by thecontroller. The induced jet fans will also have a higher

volume flow rate to purge the smoke and heat at a faster

rate so that visibility can be reduced to an acceptable levelfor humans to f ind their escape routes.

Sensors are evenly distributed in a car park and the systemis able to detect the location where there is a fire outbreak.If the fire is localised in a space, only the fans that arewithin the encapsulation perimeter from the centre of thefire are activated.



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An Effective Ventilation System Our system design methodology

Computational model showing carpark floor layout

Computational models used in the design of theventilation system that is based on KrugerInduced Jet Fans in the Bandar Utama Project,

Malaysia

Architecturalsurvey of car

park

Identification of

flowrequirements

and obstacles in

enclosure

Placement offans and design

of air circuit

Adjusting

volume flow rateof induced jet

fans and supply

exhaust fans

Verify

effectiveness ofventilation

system design

using CFD

Deliver CFDoutputs and

graphs

Systematic approach for the design of Kruger Induced Jet Fan Ventilation System in a car park

ComputationalFluid Dynamics

All ventilation systems designed

for car parks are verified atKruger using Computational FluidDynamics (CFD) software.

Simulation models of the building(or car park) are built, tested andanalysed. The details of thedevelopment and validation of aventilation model using inducedet fans is given. The model has

been extensively validated usingthe test data from CFDsimulation. The effectiveness of ventilation is determined by the

degree of stagnant air regionsduring normal operation mode of the fan units and the magnitudeof gas contaminants and heat

resulting from a simulated fire

when the units are activated atfull power.

DesignMethodology

Systematic approach that consists of building survey, followed by theidentification of air sources,

pressure differences and resistancesto flow is implemented at Kruger.

Once an efficient air circuit isdesigned, the pressure differencesat various locations are modified toachieve the desired flow rates at

different zones. The pressuredifferences or energy potentialdifferences flows over the resistorssuch as obstacles, pillars, ceiling

beams, walls and staircases in thecar park. Once we have confirmedthat an effective air current isflowing, the next step will be to varythe potential difference and

resistance to create the desiredcurrent. This means that we canmodify the total number or volumeflow rates of the fans that control

the total volume flow rate forsupply, exhaust or migration of airfrom one point to another.

Design of an Effective Ventilation System



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Computational Fluid Dynamics

A powerful tool in our organisation

Air jets from fans at fan height level Smoke Concentration Level (ppm)

Temperature Level (deg Celsius) Air Speed Level (m/s)

Computational Fluid Analysis

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis has beenundertaken to provide an effective method of determiningthe optimum placement of induce jet fan units in an

enclosure, so as to achieve the best ventilation. The

examination of the air circuitry is important in ensuringthat the distribution of air and its movement properties aresufficient to provide the enclosure for both general and

emergency ventilation cases. In a car park, the generalventilation of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide(CO2) is achieved by the daily and periodic operation of theinduce jet fans. During a fire outbreak when smoke is

produced at high rates, all the fans are activated at fullpower to push the dangerous contaminants out of thebuilding. Therefore, it is vital that induced jet fans arepositioned strategically throughout the car park to maintain

a distribution of air that covers sufficient areas to removepotential stagnant air regions known as ‘dead spots’ andwhich moves fast enough to transport any contaminantsproduced within the enclosure.

CFD has been used to illustrate the effectiveness of positioning fans based on our specialist’ s proposedconfiguration. The degree of ventilation is analysedusing the speed, smoke concentration, and

temperature contour plots of the ventilation systemthat is operating at normal and emergency modesfrom the front, plan and side views

A fire is typically simulated within the facility and the fans areactivated to the full power mode. The volume flow rates of each fan is doubled and smoke concentration plots areprepared for the fire situation. For both the normal andemergency operational modes, the CFD model of a ventilation

system is sometimes verified using experimental results.Useful deduction on the performance of the system is made.Steady and transient state solutions provide insights on themost effective smoke control using our designed ventilation

system.

Fire simulation in car park from isometricview

CFD simulation outputs enable us to predict thedistribution of smoke and heat from a fire sourceand how air flows through the spatial region inthe car park



Induced Jet FAN

IJA Se rie s



Induced Jet Fan – IJA Series Fan

• Double flanged casing is produced in mild steel orgalvanised Steel.

• Impeller is made of PPG, PAG or Aluminum withmanually adjustable pitch blades.

• Painting or galvanized finish on all parts.

• Totally enclosed Class ‘F’/’H’ motor with a min.IP54 protection. Motors up to 2.2kW are usuallysupplied on DOL starting, motors 3.0kW and above

are star/delta starting. • Unidirectional or truly-reversible flow direction. Silencer

• Outer casing made of galvanized steel sheet andinner casing made of galvanized steel perforatedsheet.

• Rounded nose to smooth airflow and a tapered tailto reduce the air turbulence and pressure drop.

• Glass fiber as absorption filler material to achieveexcellent acoustic performance.

• Each model is available with 1D/2D silencer asstandard length. Non-standard length to meetspecial performance requirement can be suppliedupon request.

Technical Data

ModelFlow Rate

m3/h

Outlet Velocity

m/s

Installed Power

kW

Phase Hz VoltagedB(A) at

3m

RPM

2250 8.0 0.11 3 50/60 400/380 38/38 1450/1750IJ A 315

4500 16.0 0.75 3 50/60 400/380 54/54 2850/3450

3240 9.1 0.2 3 50/60 400/380 43/42 1450/1750IJ A 355

6480 18.2 1.5 3 50/60 400/380 58/58 2850/3450

4500 10.0 0.6 3 50/60 400/380 44/46 1450/1750IJ A 400

9000 20.0 3.6 3 50/60 400/380 60/62 2850/3450

6000 10.5 0.6 3 50/60 400/380 46/47 1450/1750IJ A 450

12000 21.0 3.6 3 50/60 400/380 62/62 2850/3450

Dimensions

Model A B C L

IJ A 315 315 415 355 1125

IJ A 355 355 455 355 1225

IJ A 400 410 510 450 1394

IJ A 450 460 560 450 1510

Accessor ies

Mounting Feet

Dimensions

Mounting Feet Hanger Model

A B C D H Wt/set (kg) A B Wt/set (kg)

IJ A 315 265 315 25 50 209 2 355 263 2.2

IJ A 355 290 355 25 50 237 2 395 263 2.2

IJ A 400 304 400 25 50 265 2.5 440 263 2.2

IJ A 450 375 450 25 50 288 3 490 288 2.4

Hanger

C

L

Ø B

Ø A

A

B

2° x Ø10

2° x Ø10

A

B

C

D

H

All Dimensions in mm.



Induced Jet Fan – IJA Series

Distance from Nozzle (m) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Flow Width d (m) 0.85 1.70 2.55 3.40 4.25 5.10 5.95 6.80 7.65 8.50 9.35 10.20

IJA 315 5.62 3.47 2.42 1.86 1.51 1.27 1.09 0.91 0.73 0.55 0.37 0.25

IJA 355 6.42 4.35 3.05 2.35 1.91 1.61 1.39 1.22 1.09 0.96 0.83 0.70

IJA 400 7.41 5.26 3.72 2.87 2.33 1.97 1.70 1.50 1.34 1.21 1.10 1.01

Center Line Velocity (m/s)

IJA 450 7.82 5.73 4.37 3.36 2.74 2.32 2 1.77 1.58 1.43 1.3 1.2

Distance from Nozzle (m) 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48

Flow Width d (m) 11.05 11.90 12.75 13.60 14.45 15.30 16.15 17.00 17.85 18.70 19.56 20.41

IJA 315 - - - - - - - - - - - -

IJA 355 0.57 0.44 0.24 - - - - - - - - -

IJA 400 0.94 0.84 0.74 0.64 0.54 0.44 0.26 - - - - -

Center Line Velocity (m/s)

IJA 450 1.11 1.03 0.97 0.91 0.85 0.81 0.77 0.67 0.57 0.47 0.37 0.27

IJA 315 IJ A 355 IJ A 400 IJ A 450

d

Tested by Warrington Fire Research which is UK’slargest independent specialist in fire safety testing,consultancy and research.

IJA series were tested in accordance with BS7346 Part2: 1990 and satisfied the performance criteria for ClassB as defined in BS standard.

ClassTemperature

(°C)Duration

(hrs)

A 150 5.0

B 250 2.0

C 300 0.5

D 300 1.0

E 400 2.0

F 600 1.5

G 650 1.0

H 840Achieved in 0.5 hrs(No rated duration)

TESTING



IJC 9/7T

Specification

Dimension

850

4 0 0

950798

3 5 0

9881028

Dia 125

Velocity Profile

Distance (m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Velocity (m/s) 10.55 5.85 4.04 3.09 2.50 2.10 1.81 1.59 1.42 1.28 1.17 1.07 0.99

Distance (m) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Velocity (m/s) 0.92 0.86 0.81 0.76 0.72 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.52 0.50

Fan Flow Rate (m3/h) 2200 Power (W) 550

Fan Speed (rpm) 1350Power Supply

(V/Ph/Hz)220~240/1/50

Nozzle Diameter (mm) 125 Outlet Velocity 16.6



IJC 10-8

Specification

Dimension

5 0 0

9501098

4 0 0

988

1028

4 5 0

Ø127

Ø9

1150

Velocity Profile

Distance (m) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Velocity (m/s) 18.70 6.82 3.61 2.46 1.86 1.50 1.25 1.08 0.94 0.84 0.76 0.69 0.63


Fan Speed (rpm) 1300Power Supply

(V/Ph/Hz)230~240/3/60

Nozzle Diameter (mm) 127 Outlet Velocity 18.7



IJM 250x2

Specification

Dimension

Velocity Profile (For single fan)

Distance (m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Velocity (m/s) 6.32 4.79 3.42 2.65 2.17 1.83 1.59 1.40 1.25 1.13 1.04 0.95 0.88

Distance (m) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Velocity (m/s) 0.82 0.77 0.72 0.68 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.45

D i a 2 7 2

2 9 1 1

5 5

386

3 0 0

MOUNTING

BRACKET

540

PROTECTION

NET

D i a 2 4 8


Fan Speed (rpm) 2420Sound Level

dB(A)57 @3m

(Free Field)

Outlet Diameter (mm) 248Power Supply

(V/Ph/Hz)230~240/1/50

Outlet Velocity (m/s) 7.6



IJM 250x2 (60Hz)

Specification

Dimension

Velocity Profile (For single fan)

Distance (m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Velocity (m/s) 6.32 4.79 3.42 2.65 2.17 1.83 1.59 1.40 1.25 1.13 1.04 0.95 0.88

Distance (m) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Velocity (m/s) 0.82 0.77 0.72 0.68 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.45

D i a 2 7 2

2 9 1 1

5 5

386

3 0 0

MOUNTING

BRACKET

540

PROTECTION

NET

D i a 2 4 8


Fan Speed (rpm) 2400Sound Level

dB(A)57 @3m

(Free Field)

Outlet Diameter (mm) 248Power Supply

(V/Ph/Hz)230~240/1/60

Outlet Velocity (m/s) 7.6

car park jet fan

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