car door types and study

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Door Design DOOR TYPES & CONVENTIONAL DOOR STUDY (IN BRIEF)

BY Nelson jasper W


PR

OJE

CT

MO

DU

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PROJECT DURATION

STYLING

DOOR TYPE

ERGONOMICS & COMFORT

SHUT LINE STUDY

DOOR OPENING STUDY

WINDOW KINEMATICS

SEALING CONCEPTS

CONCEPT GEOMENTRY

PACKAGE

STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION

Automotive Door Development process in conceptual phase


STYLING

The way in which something is made, designed, or performed is styling.


DOOR TYPES

CONVENTIONAL DOOR

SCISSOR DOOR

BUTTERFLY DOOR

SUICIDE DOOR

SLIDING DOOR

DOOR TYPES

GULL-WING DOOR

CANOPY DOOR


A conventional door, also known as a regular door is a type of door that is hinged

at the front-facing edge of the door, and so allows the door to swing outward from the body of the car.

These doors are relatively safe, in that if they are opened during forward motion of the vehicle, the wind

resistance will work against the opening door, and will effectively force its closure Panel Door Sash Door

CONVENTIONAL DOOR

SCISSOR DOOR

Scissor doors (also beetle-wing doors, turtles, switchblade doors, Lamborghini doors,

and Lambo doors) are automobile doors that rotate vertically at a fixed hinge at the front of the door,

rather than outwardly as with a conventional door.

BUTTERFLY DOOR Butterfly doors or vertical doors are a type of door sometimes seen on high-performance automobiles.

They are similar to scissor doors. While scissor doors move straight up via hinge points at the bottom of

the A-pillar, butterfly doors move up and out via hinges along the A-pillar. This makes for easier entry/exit

at the expense of requiring more opening space than needed for scissor doors.

SUICIDE DOOR A "suicide door" is the slang term for a door hinged at its rear rather than the front.

Such doors were originally used on horse-drawn carriages, but are rarely found on modern vehicles

due primarily to safety concerns.

Popularized in the custom car trade, the term is avoided by major automobile manufacturers in favor

of alternatives such as "coach doors" (Rolls-Royce),"Flex Doors" (Opel), "freestyle doors" (Mazda),

"rear access doors" (Saturn), and "rear-hinged doors“.

DOOR TYPES


SLIDING DOOR

CANOPY DOOR

A sliding door is a type of door is mounted on or suspended from a track for the door to slide, usually

horizontally. It is a feature predominately relegated to minibuses and buses to provide a large entrance

or exit for passengers without obstructing the adjacent pathway between the vehicle and any adjoining

object or the side(s) of passenger and commercial vans so as to allow a larger unobstructed access to

the interior for loading and unloading.

Sliding doors are often used in mini MPVs

A vehicle canopy is a rarely used type of door for cars. It has no official name so it is also known as an

articulated canopy, bubble canopy, cockpit canopy, canopy door, or simply a canopy.

A canopy is a type of door which sits on top of a car and lifts up in some way, to provide access

for passengers. It is similar to an aircraft canopy. There are no set rules to canopies, so they can be

hinged at the front, side, or back, although hinging at the front is most common.

Canopy doors are rarely used on production cars, and are sometimes used on concept cars.

DOOR TYPES

Gull-wing door is an automotive industry term describing car doors that are hinged at the roof rather

than the side, as pioneered by the 1952 Mercedes-Benz 300SL race car (W194) and

its road-legal version (W198) introduced in 1954.

GULL-WING DOOR


ERGONOMICS & COMFORT

Ergonomics is the science of refining the design of products to optimize them for human use. Human characteristics, such as height, weight,

and proportions are considered, as well as information about human hearing, sight, temperature preferences, and so on.

Ergonomics is sometimes known as human factors engineering.


DOOR STUDY

• SHUT LINE STUDY

• HINGE AXIS STUDY

• LATCH STUDY

• DOOR OPEN STUDY

• CHECK LINK STUDY

• GLASS DROP STUDY

• DOOR SEAL STUDY

CONVENTIONAL DOOR DESIGN

B PILLAR

SILL AREA

ROOF

A PILLAR

C PILLAR

ORVM

BSO FENDER

CLOSURES

FRONT DOOR REAR DOOR

TAIL GATE HOOD


SHUT LINE STUDY or DOOR GAP

• Shut lines are the small spaces where sections of the vehicle body meet, i.e. between front wing and front door

Or

The line between a closed door and the bodywork.

• Shut line gap will be minimum 3.5- 5mm gap

• Shut line depends on the Hinge axis study and door opening study

• Shut line study will be engineered by the technical team from the given

styling shut line.

• Shut line can be seen in all closure part.

What is shut line?

Shut line Design Consideration


HINGE AXIS STUDY

90 – 92 deg 86.5 - 88 deg

HINGE AXIS INBOARD

FRONT VIEW

FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW

HINGE AXIS 90 - 92 Deg - SIDE VIEW

• Hinge axis is inboard 86.5-88 deg in front view

• Hinge axis is 90-92 deg at side view

• Hinge axis inboard at front view and side view will vary as per door mass and weight

What is Hinge axis ?

Hinge axis Design Consideration

Hinge axis is the connecting line between two hinge centre

NOTE: THE ABOVE SHOWN HINGE AXIS ANGLE ARE NOT MANDATORY,IT DEPENDS ON THE OEM AND DOOR MASS.


LATCH STUDY & STRIKER POSITION

UPR HINGE

LWR HINGE LATCH POSITION

AND

STRIKER POSITION

UPR HINGE

LWR HINGE

LATCH POSITION

CENTER POINT

• A - DISTANCE BETWEEN SILL AREA AND LOWER HINGE

• B - DISTANCE BETWEEN UPR AND LWR HINGE

• A & B DISTANCE WILL BE VARY AS PER DOOR MASS

• HINGE POSITION AND LATCH POSITION DEPENDS ON THE DOOR MASS

• LATCH POSITION CAN BE POSITIONED WITH RESPECT TO CENTER POINT BETWEEN THE UPR AND LWR HINGE

A

B

LATCH STUDY DEPENDS ON THE HINGE POSITION


72 deg + 10 deg tolerance

Hinge axis Door Open condition

Door closed condition

• Front & Rear Door Opening angle 72 deg + 10 deg tolerance

• Conditions – Front Door should not clash with fender, A pillar, proper clearance should be maintain

between BSO

DOOR OPEN ANGLE


FRONT DOOR SIDE WINDOW GLASS

d - Day light curve

b - Boundary curve towards the B – Pillar

c - Roof curve

S – car side window

• Olden days car windows are Planar windows

• Present car windows are Curved windows (circular &Spherical)

Advantages of curved windows

• Strength

• Aesthetic

• Aerodynamic Enhancement

CAR SIDE WINDOW

• Glass A surface is always proposed by stylist


• Thickness – 3.8 to 4.1 mm • Material - LAMINATED GLASS

GLASS DROP STUDY

• GLASS RUN PATH WILL BE DERIVED FROM THE BELOW SHOWN BOUNDRYS B-PILLAR BOUNDRY & ORVM BOUNDRY

• B-PILLAR AND ORVM BOUNDRYS ARE FROM STYLING

GLASS RUN PATHS

GLASS DROPPED CONDITION

• At the 80% glass dropped condition, proper clearance should be maintain with environment part

B PILLAR BOUNDRY LINE ORVM BOUNDRY LINE

NOTE: THE ABOVE SHOWN GLASS DROP STUDY IS NOT THE COMPLETE STUDY , BUT IT IS THE BASIC IDEA TO UNDERSTAND THE STUDY.


DOOR SEALS

Door

A

A

Sec A-A

seal

13 m

m

SEAL TYPES

• DOOR PRIMARY SEAL

• WAIST BELT INR & OTR

• GLASS RUN

• ENCAPSULATED GLASS SEAL

• SUNROOF SEAL

• HOOD SEAL

• BACK WINDOW / LIFT GATE SEAL


CAD -DEVELOPMENT STAGE STAGE 1

REAR DOOR

VEHICLE CENTER

A - SURFACE EXTRACTED FROM STYLING

1st SHUT LINE BY STYLING

STAGE 2

STAGE 1

1. FROM THE GIVEN STYLING THE DOOR OTR SURFACE WILL BE EXTRACTED

2. EXTRACTED DOOR OTR SURFACE WILL BE TRIMMED WITH THE GIVEN STYLING SHUT LINE

STAGE 2

1.HINGE AXIS STUDY

2.SHUT LINE STUDY

3.LATCH STUDY

Detail A

Detail A

4 mm

REAR DOOR SHUT LINE

FRONT DOOR

SHUT LINE

HINGE AXIS STUDY

SHUT LINE STUDY

SHUT LINE GAP

W R T FRT DOOR

LATCH STUDY


CAD -DEVELOPMENT STAGE

ENGINEERED

SEAL SURFACE

STAGE 3

• SEAL SURFACE WILL BE SHARED WITH BSO

STAGE 3

1.SEAL SURFACE ENGINEERED AND DESIGNED BY ENGINEERING DEPT

2.MAINTAIN PROPER DRAFT ANGLE AND FLOW WITH TOOLING DIRECTION

3.LATCH MOUNTING AREA SHOULD BE FLAT

DOOR SEAL AREA

TOOLING DIRECTION

LATCH AREA


CAD -DEVELOPMENT STAGE

STAGE 4

SEAL SURFACE

AB FLANGE

INPUT FOR DEVELOPING THE INR PANEL ARE

1.STYLING ‘A’ SURFACE

2.SEAL SURFACE

3.AB FLANGE

STAGE 5

SECTION DEVELOPMENT WITH RESPECT TO INPUTS

NO OF SECTIONS

• A PILLAR SECTION

• B PILLAR SECTION

• ROOF SECTION

• UPR AND LWR HINGE SECTION

• CHECK LINK SECTION

• LATCH SECTION

• SILL SECTION

• OTR HANDLE SECION


STAGE 5

EXAMPLE FOR ROOF SECTION

A

A

SEAL SURFACE

AB FLANGE

OF BSO

STYLING ‘A’ SURFACE

OTR PANEL

SEC A-A

DEVELOPED SECTION FROM THE INPUTS

STAGE 6

DEVELOPED (CONSEPT GEOMENTRY) INNER PANEL FROM THE SECTIONS

PACKAGE STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION

STAGE 7 STAGE 8


DIFFERENTS BETWEEN PANEL AND SASH DOOR

A – OUTER PANEL

B –INNER PANEL

C –GLASS CHANNEL

D - HINGE REINFO

E – INR BELT REINFO

F – OTR BELT REINFO

G – INTRUSION BAR

H – HINGES

PANEL DOOR SASH DOOR

A – OUTER PANEL

B – INNER PANEL

C2 – WINDOW FRAME SASH

C1 – FRAME ASSEMBLY MODULAR DOOR

Panel Door- Both the inr and otr panel will be stamped completely with

multiple stage operation

Sash Door- Both the inr and otr panel will be stamped up to the waist level with

Multiple stage operation, sash will be manufactured

separately

INR AND OTR PANEL

WAIST AREA


Examples of Door saftey beam positioning

• Safety beam are other wise called Door Guard Beam

• Door Guard beam is designed to absorb the impact energy

Door safety beam – Cross Sections

Door Guard Beam

ABOVE FIGURE SHOWS THE DOOR GUARD BEAM PLACED IN DIRERENT POSITION


HINGE TYPES AND ITS PARTS

Forged steel hinges

1.Movable Half Hinge

2.Fixed Half Hinge

3.Pin retaining screw

4.End stop tooth

Lift gate single joint 3 screw hinge

CHECK LINK

Regarding automobile doors, a door is held at intermediate holding positions and fully-opened holding position by a

check link device in order to prevent the door from being closed due to externally applied load such as wind, etc.

In addition, during parking on a sloping road or on a curbstone, a door is opened and should be held in this intermediate

open position, and therefore the following device has been known: the door can be held in an intermediate open position

in addition to the fully-opened angle position, and the door can be moved from such holding positions upon application

of a certain level or more of opening/closing force.


DOOR PARTS


DOOR PARTS

SHEET METAL PARTS

MECHANISM PARTS

DOOR PARTS

OTR PANEL

INR PANEL

HINGE REIFO – UPR & LWR

LATCH REIFO

DOOR GUARD BEAM

LATCH MECH

WINDOW WINDING MECH

TRIM PARTS

SEAL PARTS

INSIDE HANDLE MECH

OUTSIDE HANDLE MECH

DOOR TRIM

INR HANDLE

WINDOW WINDER HANDLE

OUTSIDE HANDLE MECH

WAIST REINFO INR & OTR

SASH REIFO

LOCK REIFO

PRIMARY SEAL

GLASS RUNS

WAIST BELT INR / OTR

GLASS

CHECK LINK MECH


To be continue with some more details………

car door types and study

Documents

type of door

opening door

regular door

butterfly door butterfly

wing doors

automobile doors

vertical doors

lamborghini doors