capstone binder_ filter press

7/30/2019 Capstone Binder_ Filter Press

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CHE!4240!Capstone!!

!Filter!Press!

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Douglas!J.!Martens!

Shauna!Albritton!

Gerrell!Johnson!Kyle!Kramer!

Stenson!Smith!


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!TABLE!OF!CONTENTS!

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1.SAFETY!!!

2.BACKGROUND!!

3.P&ID!!

4.STANDARD!OPERATING!PROCEDURE!(SOP)!!

5.PHARMACEUTICAL!EXAMPLE!EXPERIMENT!!!

6.PUMP!INFORMATION!a. MAINTANANCE!MANUAL!b. PUMP!PERFORMACE!CURVE!c. SERIES!1531!PUMPS!

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SAFETY!!This!project!required!unlimited!access!to!the!Unit!Operations!Lab!in!Prescott!101.!

Before,!any!members!of!the!team!were!allowed!on!the!site!the!Safety!Officer!

required!a!safetyEtraining!course.!ach!member!had!to!take!four!OSHA!tests,!these!

were!predetermined!tests!that!were!specific!to!the!location,!materials,!and!hazards!that!the!team!would!be!facing!in!the!lab.!These!tests!are!listed!along!with!the!

reasons!for!requirement:!

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A. Slips,!Trips,!and!Falls!a. Our!project!dealt!with!using!a!filter!press,!which!requires!a!great!

deal!of!water!to!run!it.!This!raised!the!probability!that!spills!could!

occur.!The!team!needed!to!be!aware!of!the!risk!and!made!

accountable!for!cleaning!up!spills!if!they!recognized!a!safety!

hazard.!

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B. Personnel!Protective!quipment!(PP)!a. PP!is!always!important!no!matter!the!job!site.!In!Unit!Operations!

lab!there!are!always!several!projects!going!on!no!one!person!can!

know!everything!that!is!occurring.!Hard!Hats!and!Safety!glasses!

were!required!at!all!times.!Also,!our!team!dealt!with!two!

chemicals,!antifreeze!and!calcium!carbonate;!in!addition!gloves!

were!sometimes!required.!!!

C. Lab!Safety!a. This!was!a!general!test!that!was!used!to!insure!that!all!members!of!

the!team!were!briefed!about!basic!etiquette!in!a!lab!environment.!!

!D. Research!Conservation!and!Recovery!Act!(RCRA)!!Hazardous!Waste!

a. When!the!filter!press!was!out!of!commission,!antifreeze!was!poured!into!the!centrifugal!pump!to!maintain!it.!We!had!to!drain!

this!out!of!the!system!and!put!it!in!a!holding!tank!to!contain!it.!We!

also!had!to!make!a!plan!to!dispose!of!it!if!necessary.!This!test!made!

us!aware!proper!holding!and!disposal.!

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Background!

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!Filter!press!!

Filter!presses!are!sometimes!called!"PlateEandEFrame!Filters"!which!describes!the!

style!of!filters!developed!from!the!1800's!onwards.!The!majority!of!today's!filters!

are!more!correctly!called!"Membrane!Plate!Filters".!

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Many!processes!in!the!food,!chemical!or!pharmaceutical!industries!make!products!

that!are!liquidEsolid!suspensions!or!slurries.!These!mixtures!are!a!little!like!a!runny!

mud!or!milkEshake.!The!solids!in!them!do!not!dissolve!in!the!liquid!but!are!carried!

along!in!it.!Filter!presses!separate!the!solids!from!the!liquids!so!that!the!useful!part!

can!be!processed!or!packaged.!!

Filter!presses!generally!work!in!a!"batch"!manner.!They!are!loaded!with!slurry!before!completing!a!filtering!cycle!and!producing!a!batch!of!solid!filtered!material,!

called!the!filter!"cake".!The!solid!is!removed,!the!press!reEloaded!with!slurry!and!the!

batch!cycle!repeated.!

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A!filter!press!uses!increased!pressure!to!maximize!the!rate!of!filtration!and!produce!a!final!solid!with!a!low!water!content.!This!is!more!efficient!than!filtration!using!a!

funnel!and!paper!which!utilizes!the!low!pressure!caused!by!the!weight!of!liquid!

above!the!filter!paper.!

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Filter!press!operation!!

A!filter!press!consists!of!a!series!of!chambers!containing!square!or!rectangular!filter!

plates!supported!in!a!frame.!Once!the!filter!chambers!are!loaded!with!slurry,!the!

plates!are!forced!together!with!hydraulic!rams!that!generate!pressures!typically!in!

the!region!of!100!pounds!per!square!inch!(70,000kg!per!m2).!For!comparison,!a!car!tire!would!be!inflated!to!around!30!pounds!per!square!inch.!

!ach!plate!is!covered!by!a!material!or!membrane!that!acts!as!the!initial!filter!when!

the!press!is!in!operation.!As!the!solid!filter!cake!builds!up,!the!cake!adds!to!the!removal!of!fine!particles.!The!solution!coming!through!the!filter,!called!the!filtrate,!will!be!very!pure.!If!it!is!not!wanted!the!filtrate!can!be!drained!away!for!safe!

disposal.!

At!the!end!of!the!compression,!the!solid!filter!cake!can!be!removed.!The!whole!

process!is!often!computer!controlled!to!make!it!automatic!or!semiEautomatic.!

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Applications!!

!Foods!industry,!Chemicals,!Pharmaceuticals,!and!Cosmetics!

!Vinegar,!Honey,!Water,!Paints,!Varnish,!Polishes,!Syrups,!Hand!lotion,!Shampoo,!

Fruit!juice,!Soft!drinks,!dible!oil,!,!Pigments!Lubrication!oils,!Ink,!Soap!Proteins!

Perfume!!

Classroom!contexts !

These!questions!may!provoke!some!discussion,!or!suggest!further!activities,!within!

the!classroom.!

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Why!do!companies!use!filter!presses!rather!than!funnels!and!paper?!! Why!do!solid!particles!not!go!through!the!filter!cloth!or!membrane!in!the!

filter!press?!!

A!filter!press!contains!many!filter!elements!in!the!"filter!stack".!How!does!this!make!!the!press!more!efficient?!!

Filter!presses!are!used!in!the!food!industry.!What!are!the!types!of!things!that!might!!be!filtered!before!they!are!bought?!!!

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Why$do$companies$use$filter$presses$rather$than$funnels$and$paper?$!There!are!two!main!reasons.!Firstly,!the!volumes!used!are!generally!very!much!larger!

than!ever!used!in!the!classroom.!It!would!be!impractical!to!build!a!big!enough!

filter!funnel.!!Using!the!press!is!also!more!efficient.!The!increased!pressure!in!the!

press!means!that!the!solution!is!filtered!a!lot!more!quickly.!A!filter!funnel!relies!on!the!pull!of!gravity!to!draw!the!liquid!through!the!filter.!This!very!quickly!

slows!to!a!drip!as!the!solid!begins!to!build!up!on!the!filter!paper.!!!

Why$do$solid$particles$not$go$through$the$filter$cloth$or$membrane$in$the$filter$press?$$The!solid!part!of!the!solution!contains!molecules!that!are!too!big!to!fit!through!the!filter!paper!or!membrane.!It!acts!a!little!like!a!sieve.!The!liquid!

can!easily!pass!through,!as!the!molecules!are!very!small.!!!

A$filter$press$contains$many$filter$elements$in$the$"filter$stack".$How$does$this$make$the$press$more$efficient?$$By!using!many!separate!elements!in!the!filter!

press!it!gives!a!large!surface!area!for!the!filtering!to!happen!over.!!!

Filter$presses$are$used$in$the$food$industry.$What$are$the$types$of$things$that$might$be$filtered$before$they$are$bought?$$There!are!lots!of!things!that!would!not!be!very!pleasant!to!eat!if!they!were!"lumpy".!The!examples!given!earlier!

included:!vinegar,!honey,!water,!fruit!juice,!soft!drinks,!and!edible!oil.!!

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!*filter!press!frame!and!plate!

*filter!press!with!plate!and!frames!installed!

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ME CHAN ICAL SEPARATIONS

INTRODUCTIONAs we have discussed the various aspects of mass transfer, we have emphasizedits analogies to heat transfer. Basically, we can tabulate the various aspects ofheat transfer and generally relate them to corresponding mass transfer situations.Such a comparison is given in Table 14-1.There is, of course, still another heat transfer situation, namely, radiative heattransfer. Radiation has no parallel process in terms of mass transfer.In addition, there is an aspect of mass transfer which has no parallel sys-tem in heat transfer. This additional mass transfer area is that of mechanicalseparation. These represent separation processes that use mechanical, electrical,or magnetic forces to bring about a separation. Mechanical (used generically toinclude electrical and magnetic forces) separations can be used for liquid-solid,liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, gas-solid, and solid-solid systems. Table 14-2 sum-marizes the principal separation processes, the phases involved, and the meansof separation.

FILTRATIONFiltration is one of the most widely used of all of the mechanical separationprocesses. Basically, it involves the flow of a liquid-solid or gas-solid systemthrough a porous medium.In the case of the liquid-solid system the filtration process takes place througha filter cake made up of a filter aid and the solids themselves. The formeris made up of hard, fine particles applied either as a coating on a filter cloth

367

Transport Phenomena and Unit Operations: A Combined ApproachRichard G. GriskeyCopyright0 002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.ISBN: 0-471-43819-7


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368 MECHANICAL SEPARATIONSTable 14-1 Comparison of Heat and Mass Transfer OperationsHeat TransferSteady-state heat transferUnsteady-state heat transferConvective heat transfer (heatConvective heat transfer (heattransfer coefficient)

transfer coefficient)Radiative heat transfer (not analogous

with other transfer processes)

Mass TransferSteady-state molecular diffusionUnsteady-state molecular diffusionConvective mass transfer (mass transferEquilibrium staged operations (convectivecoefficients)

mass transfer using departure fromequilibrium a5 a driving force)other transfer processes)

Mechanical separations (not analogous with

Table 14-2 Mechan ical, Electrical, and Magnetic SeparationsProcess Phase How SeparatedFiltrationCentrifugationSedimentationCyclone separatorElectrostatic precipitatorDemisterMagnetic separatorScreening

Liquid-solidLiquid-solid or liquid-liquidLiquid-solidGas-solid or Gas-liquidGas-solidGas-solid or gas-liquidSolid-solid Solid-liquidSolid-solid

Pressure reductionCentrifugal forceGravityFlowElectric fieldPressure reductionMagnetic fieldSize of particles

(see Figure 14-1) or in the liquid-solid mix (slurry). A typical filter aid isdiatomaceous earth, the fossilized remains of very small marine creatures.A general expression for the pressure gradient through a filter cake is

(14-1)where k' is a constant, p is the filtrate viscosity, u, is the superficial velocity ofthe filtrate, t is the cake porosity, and D, is the average particle diameter.If the flow through the cake is considered to be laminar (usually correct), then

Also,D, 6 6

(14-2)

(14-3)

where So is the specific surface area of the particle. A , and V, are, respectively,the surface and volume of a single particle.


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FILTRATION 369

frame

Figure 14-1. Plate and frame filter press. (Courtesy of T. Schriver and Co.)

Substituting (14-3) in (14-2) gives

which is equation (4-1) with k' equal to 5.If we solve for superficial velocity us, then

(14-4)

(14-5)

where A is the filtration area and d V / d Q is the volumetric filtration rate.


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370 MECHANICAL SEPARATIONS

By considering the relationship between the filter cake length L (thickness)and the filtrate volume, we obtainL A ( 1 - ) P , = w ( V + L A ) (14-6)

where pS is the solid density in the cake and w is the mass of solids in the feedslurry per volume of liquid in that slurry.If the volume of filtrate held in the filter cake ( L A ) s neglected, then1 d V ( - A P ) f g c e 3 ( - A P ) f g c- (14-7)- a p w v

AA d Q S f l ~ ( 1 E ) S ~APswhere a! (the specific cake resistance) is 5(1 - E ) S ~ / ~ , ~ E ~ .For the actual filter unit we should also include any other flow channels thatthe system involves (i.e., additional segments of the equipment). If we designatethese as R M , hen

( - A P * ) g c- - -VAd0 p ( a ! w V / A+ R M ) (14-8)where ( - A P f ) is the total pressure drop.Furthermore, if we switch to a V , that represents the filtrate volume neededto build up a filter cake that would equal the resistance of the filter medium andany pipe conduits leading to the pressure taps, we obtain

Integrating equation (1 4-9) gives

(14-9)

(14-10)Equation (14-10) allows us to find the time needed for a given volum e of filtrate.In order to use equation (14-10), it is necessary to know a! and V ,. The formerquantity can be found when e an d So are known, V ,, however, must be foundin some other way. Generally both a! and V, are determined from pilot filtrationstudies. A slurry that matches the actual o ne is filtered under conditions that com eas close to actual plant requirements as possible. Then if we plot the reciprocalof the filtration rate versus the volume of filtrate collected, we obtain a linearrelation [i.e., equation (14-9) inverted].

(14-11)


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FILTRATION 371

A plot of d 0 / d V versus the volume of filtrate collected gives a straight linewhose slope is a p w / g , A 2 ( - A P , ) with a Y-axis intercept of [ p a w / g C A 2 ( - A P , ) ]V , V . Hence we find from the slope and the intercept V,.For the other case, that of constant rate, we use the relation

(14-12)

to obtain a linear relation for ( - A P , ) versus V . The slope then is ( p a w / g c A 2 ) /( d V / d O ) ,and the intercept the slope times V . Both a and V , can then be deter-mined to find the time needed for filtration.

(14-13)

In compressible cakes the a and V, terms become functions of pressure sothat equation (1 4-9) becomes

d V -g,Ap,y c 3Ad0 5 ~ p V ( 1 - E ) S ~d P- - (14-14)

where P I - P2 is the difference between the pressure on the cake surface andthat at the face of the filter medium.The use of a specific cake resistance ( a p )ransforms equation (14-14) to(14- 15)

PExperiments relating compression and permeability allow the interrelation ofand aD, , and SO to be determined experimentally. Figure 14-2, 14-3, and14-4 show typical data of this type.Industrial filtration units can be either batch or continuous in operation. Inaddition to the plate and frame filter press of Figure 14-1, there are leaf filtersthat also function in the batch mode. Figure 14-5 shows both a vertical leaf filterand the filter leaf itself. Other leaf filters include a Niagara type (Figure 14-6),which uses a horizontal leaf filter, and the Sweetland type (Figure 14-7), whichconsists of two half-cylinders that allow the bottom half to be opened downwardto access vertical disk-shaped leaves.Continuous filters include rotary horizontal vacuum filters (Figure 14-8),rotarydrum filters (Figure 14-9), and rotary disk units (Figure 14-10).A different mode of filtration is used in centrifugal filtrations (Figure 14-11).These units use centrifugal force as the driving force for the fluid.


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372 MECHANICAL SEPARATIONS

1 10 100 1,m 1O.OOoCompressivepressure (P, psis

Figure 14-2. Point specific cake resistance versus compressive pressure. Codes: 1, 2Superlite CaCO, pH values of 9.8 and 10.3; 3, 4 TiO, pH values of 7.8 and 3.5; 5,6 ZnS,pH values of 9.1. Curves 1 , 3 for flocculated systems. (Reproduced w ith permission fromreference 1. Copyright 1953, American Institute of Chemical E ngineers.)

0-8L0

5.06V-v,

0umr:v1VL-b)Q0

.-

2w05105

0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9Porosity k P ) , oid fractionFigure 14-3. Effective surface versus porosity. Codes as in Figure 14-2. (Reproduced withpermission reference I . Copyright 1953, American Institute of Chemical Engineers.)


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FILTRATION 373

1,000

Figure 14-4. Cake porosity versus compressive pressure. Codes as in Figure 14-2. (Re-produced with permission from reference 1 . Copyright 1953,American Institute of Chem-ical Engineers.)

Here the solution for volumetric rate gives

where P2, P3 = pressures at the filter-cake surface and at the filter-cloth surface,r2 , r3 = radii to the filter-cake surface and to the filter-cloth surface,p , ps = density of filtrate and of solids, respectively

respectivelyrespectively

c p = porosity at any point in the bedap = specific cake resistance at any point in the bedh = height of cylindrical surface on which the cake is being builto = rate of rotation, radiandsec

K L = resistance of the filter medium( dV / d O )= filtration rate


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PROBLEMS

PROBLEMS14-1.

14-2.

14-3.

14-4.

399

A slurry composed of Fe(OH)3, 0.01180 kg kg water, filter aid 0.03646kgkg water, and a soluble salt 0.00686 kgkg water is tested in a labo-ratory with the following results:Time (min) Filtrate Collected (m)( x lo4)0

0.1670.3330.5000.6660.8331ooo1 O2.002.503OO3.504.00

04.897.739.96

11.813.5415.0119.0322.4325.4028.0730.5932.94

Filter area is 0.043 m2. The cake obtained was 19.2 percent solids.Determine the appropriate characteristics for a constant pressure filtration(at 1.05 atm).How long a time would be needed if the filter in the previous problem iswashed with water equal to the total amount of filtrate collected.A solid is to be recovered from a slurry (80.13 kg dry solid per m3of solid free liquid). Liquid viscosity is 1 centipoise. The filter shoulddeliver I 1.33 m3 of solid-free filtrate over a 2-hr period. System pressuredifferential is 1.7 atm.Find the total area of filtering surface required.Laboratory-scale data (plate and frame filter press with an area of0.7432 m2) are as follows:Total Filtrate Times from start hoursVolume A P = 1.36 A P = 2.04 A P = 2.72

(m3> (atm) (atm) (atm)0.1416 0.34 0.25 0.210.2266 0.85 0.64 0.520.2832 1.32 1 oo 0.810.3398 1.92 1.43 1.17

A small-scale leaf filter gives the following results:Pressure Drop (atm) 0.476 0.755 1.02 1.58 2.93 5.56for a constant filtration rate of 1.136 x lop3m3/min.Time (minutes) 1 2 3 5 10 20


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P&ID!!!

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The centrifugal pump used with the plate and frame filter press utilizes an EmersonWM4150 variable frequency drive. A variable-frequency drive is a system for controlling

the rotational speed of an alternating current electric motor. It controls the frequency ofthe electrical power supplied to the motor. Variable-frequency drives are widely used on

pumps and machine tool drives, compressors and in ventilations systems for largebuildings. Variable-frequency motors on fans, for example, save energy by allowing the

volume of air moved to match the system demand.Reasons for employing automatic frequency control can both be related to thefunctionality of the application and for saving energy. For example, automatic frequency

control is used in pump applications where the flow is matched either to volume orpressure. The pump adjusts its revolutions to a given set point via a regulating loop.

Adjusting the flow or pressure to the actual demand reduces power consumption.

If you look at the specifications on the pump itself, you can see that at 60 Hz the pump

impeller will reach 1750 RPM.

!After some inspection of the pump itself, you will find that it is a Bell & Gossett series

1531 pump. The pump specifications and pump curve can be found through theircompany website. This will also be available in the appendix of this report.


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SOP Plate & Frame Filter Press

Standard Operating Procedure

Plate & Frame Filter Press

Policy: All students and personnel will follow proper lab safetypractices to ensure the safety of all involved. Proper PPE must be wornat all times when operating the filter press

Hardhat Safety glasses Gloves

Reference the P&ID for valve positions

Procedure: Lab Personnel must operate the plate and frame filter

press by the following steps:

1. Ensure valves V-3 & V-4 are closed on the filter press unit.


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2. Fill the slurry reactor tank with desired amounts of solute andsolvent. Ensure the water level is adequate for use with the

mixer and ensure it is set up with a proper power source.

3. Switch on the circuit breaker to activate power to the variablefrequency drive used with the centrifugal pump.

4. Assemble the plates, frames, and filter cloths as desired. Ensureholes of plate and holes of frame are opposing.


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11. Once completed, slowly decrease the power to the pumpand then press the button to turn off the pump.

12. It is now appropriate to turn the V-2 three-way valve tobegin drying of the cake. Ensure the arrow is pointing in the

correct direction on the valve.

13. ***Optional*** Connect a proper air source is connectedand begin insertion of air. Dry the cake long enough to make

sure it does not instantly fall down the drain in the drip tray. This

could take at least 30-60 min.

14. Drain the tank by opening valve V-4

15.

After the tank has been drain lower than the drip pan,drain the drip pan by opening valve V-3

16. Close the drip pan valve V-3 once again and release thecake from the filter press. Let it fall into the drip pan.

17. Collect your cake and let dry overnight.


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The EHS coordinator will:

1. Monitor all personnel to ensure that they are following properprocedures.

2. Ensure adequate supplies are available for proper use of filter press.

3. Follow up as necessary.


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Filtration!of!Calcium!Carbonate!Slurry!!

Purpose!

!! This!experiment!has!been!designed!to!teach!students!how!to!use!a!filter!

press,!and!to!provide!them!with!experience!using!valves,!pumps,!and!controllers.!!!

Safety!

!! Before!conducting!this!experiment,!it!is!imperative!that!the!standard!operating!procedure!(SOP)!has!been!read.!This!will!give!a!good!understanding!of!

how!the!filterEpress!and!all!of!its!components!work.!

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Experimental!Procedure!

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! In!this!experiment,!the!plate!and!frame!filter!press!located!in!the!Unit!Ops!Lab!101!will!be!used!to!filter!slurry!consisting!of!CaCO3!dissolved!in!water.!This!

process!will!produce!a!cake!filtrate!between!the!plates!and!frames!by!using!a!polypropylene!filter.!

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Slurry!preparation!and!filter!paper!installation!

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First,!make!sure!all!valves!are!closed.! Create!the!slurry!by!mixing!500!grams!(1.1!lbs.)!with!20!gallons!of!water!in!

the!mixing!tank.!

Plug!in!the!electric!stirrer!and!turn!it!on!At!this!point!all!the!valves!should!still!be!closed,!and!no!material!should!be!escaping!

the!mixing!tank.!While!the!slurry!is!mixing,!install!the!polypropylene!filters!between!

each!plate!and!frame.!The!filters!should!be!available!in!the!cabinet!label!Filter!Press!quipment.!

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Make!sure!the!filter!presss!plates!and!frames!are!oriented!in!the!correct!fashion.!Reference!the!SOP!for!instructions!on!placement!of!frames.!

Install!a!sheet!of!polypropylene!filter!paper!on!each!side!of!each!plate!and!frame.!On!completion,!use!the!hand!crank!to!apply!pressure!to!the!apparatus.!

This!creates!a!tight!seal!across!the!plates.!! For!the!amounts!of!materials!in!this!experiment,!two!frames!and!a!one!plate!

should!suffice.!

The!set!up!stage!is!now!complete,!and!the!slurry!is!ready!to!be!filtrated.!A!pump!will!

push!the!slurry!through!the!filter!press.!Again,!please!make!sure!the!SOP!has!been!

read.!


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Turn!the!power!supply!to!the!pump!on.!It!is!located!in!the!far!corner!of!the!lab!behind!a!metal!cabinet.!

Open!the!valve!VE1.!This!allows!the!slurry!to!escape!the!tank!and!enter!the!pump.!

Use!the!VFD!controller!to!turn!on!the!centrifugal!pump.!Press!the!forward!button!on!the!controller!and!run!the!pump!at!a!frequency!between!45E60!

hertz.!

Allow!the!filtration!to!run!for!45!minutes!and!then!turn!off!the!pump.!The!filtration!process!is!now!finished.!Cake!should!be!collected!between!the!frames!

and!filter!paper.!The!next!step!is!to!dry!the!cake!for!collection.!

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Turn!the!threeEway!valve!VE2!to!allow!air!into!the!apparatus.! Hook!up!an!air!compressor!and!push!air!through!the!cake!for!10!minutes!

o If!an!air!compressor!is!available!The!cake!is!now!dry!and!ready!to!collect,!but!first!the!tank!and!drip!pan!need!to!be!

drained.!Do!this!by!opening!valves!VE3!and!VE4.!Once!the!system!is!drained!close!the!drip!pan!valve!and!collect!the!wet!cake.!Let!the!wet!CaCO3!cake!dry!overnight.!

The!experiment!is!now!finished.!All!that!is!left!to!do!is!to!run!clean!water!through!the!system!to!clean!leftover!calcium!carbonate!left!in!the!pipes.!Run!the!system!

exactly!like!before!but!without!the!filter!paper.!!

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Make!sure!the!system!is!completely!drained,!unplug!the!stirrer,!

and!turn!off!the!power!to!the!controller.!!

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Series 1531

Installation,

Operation, and

Maintenance Manual


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Table of ContentsIntroduction and Safety.........................................................................................................................2

Introduction..........................................................................................................................................2Requesting other information.........................................................................................................2

Safety.....................................................................................................................................................2Safety terminology and symbols....................................................................................................3Safety instruction decals..................................................................................................................4User safety.........................................................................................................................................4Environmental safety........................................................................................................................6

Product warranty.................................................................................................................................6

Transportation and Storage..................................................................................................................8Inspect the delivery.............................................................................................................................8

Inspect the package.........................................................................................................................8Inspect the unit..................................................................................................................................8

Pump lifting..........................................................................................................................................8Long-term storage...............................................................................................................................9

Product Description.............................................................................................................................10General description..........................................................................................................................10Operational specifications...............................................................................................................10

Installation.............................................................................................................................................12Preinstallation....................................................................................................................................12

Pump location guidelines..............................................................................................................12Foundation requirements.............................................................................................................13Piping checklist...............................................................................................................................14

Typical installation.............................................................................................................................15

Commissioning, Startup, Operation, and Shutdown......................................................................16Preparation for startup.....................................................................................................................16

Prime the pump.................................................................................................................................16Start the pump...................................................................................................................................17Pump operation precautions...........................................................................................................17Shut down the pump........................................................................................................................18Note on the packed pump operation.............................................................................................18

Maintenance.........................................................................................................................................20Bearing maintenance........................................................................................................................20Disassembly.......................................................................................................................................20

Disassembly precautions...............................................................................................................20Drain the pump...............................................................................................................................20Remove the bearing frame and impeller assembly...................................................................21Remove the mechanical seal (1531 and 1531-F) ......................................................................21

Remove the seal or packing rings (1531-S, 1531-D, and 1531-PF) ........................................21Pre-assembly inspections.................................................................................................................21

Shaft and sleeve inspection..........................................................................................................21Reassembly........................................................................................................................................22

Seal assembly..................................................................................................................................22Assemble the packed stuffing box (1531-PF) ............................................................................24Reinstall the bearing frame and impeller assembly ..................................................................25Capscrew torque values................................................................................................................25Dealer servicing .............................................................................................................................26


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Introduction and SafetyIntroductionPurpose of this manual

The purpose of this manual is to provide necessary information for:

Installation

Operation Maintenance

CAUTION:

Read this manual carefully before installing and using the product. Improper use of theproduct can cause personal injury and damage to property, and may void the warranty.

NOTICE:

Save this manual for future reference, and keep it readily available at the location of theunit.

Requesting other information

Special versions can be supplied with supplementary instruction leaflets. See the salescontract for any modifications or special version characteristics. For instructions, situations,or events that are not considered in this manual or in the sales documents, please contactthe nearest Xylem representative.

Always specify the exact product type and identification code when requesting technicalinformation or spare parts.

Safety

WARNING: The operator must be aware of safety precautions to prevent physical injury.

Any pressure-containing device can explode, rupture, or discharge its contents if it isover-pressurized. Take all necessary measures to avoid over-pressurization.

Operating, installing, or maintaining the unit in any way that is not covered in this manualcould cause death, serious personal injury, or damage to the equipment. This includesany modification to the equipment or use of parts not provided by Xylem. If there is aquestion regarding the intended use of the equipment, please contact a Xylemrepresentative before proceeding.

Do not change the service application without the approval of an authorized Xylemrepresentative.

CAUTION:You must observe the instructions contained in this manual. Failure to do so could result inphysical injury, damage, or delays.


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Safety terminology and symbols

About safety messages

It is extremely important that you read, understand, and follow the safety messages andregulations carefully before handling the product. They are published to help preventthese hazards:

Personal accidents and health problems

Damage to the product

Product malfunction

Hazard levels

Hazard level IndicationDANGER:

A hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result indeath or serious injury

WARNING:A hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could resultin death or serious injury

CAUTION:A hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could resultin minor or moderate injury

NOTICE:

A potential situation which, if not avoided, couldresult in undesirable conditions

A practice not related to personal injury

Hazard categoriesHazard categories can either fall under hazard levels or let specific symbols replace theordinary hazard level symbols.

Electrical hazards are indicated by the following specific symbol:

Electrical Hazard:

These are examples of other categories that can occur. They fall under the ordinary hazardlevels and may use complementing symbols:

Crush hazard Cutting hazard

Arc flash hazard


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Safety instruction decals

WARNING:

The maximum working pressure of the pump is listed on the nameplate. Do not exceedthis pressure. Failure to follow these instructions can result in serious personal injury,death, and/or property damage.

Alert symbol

This safety alert symbol is used in manuals and on the safety instruction decals on the pumpto draw attention to safety-related instructions.When used, the safety alert symbol means that failure to follow the instructions may result ina safety hazard.

Decals

Make sure your pump has these safety instruction decals and that they are located as thisfigure shows. If the decals are missing or illegible, contact your local sales and servicerepresentative for a replacement.

Make sure that all safety instruction decals are always clearly visible and readable.

User safety

General safety rulesThese safety rules apply:

Always keep the work area clean.

Pay attention to the risks presented by gas and vapors in the work area.

Avoid all electrical dangers. Pay attention to the risks of electric shock or arc flashhazards.

Always bear in mind the risk of drowning, electrical accidents, and burn injuries.


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Safety equipment

Use safety equipment according to the company regulations. Use this safety equipmentwithin the work area:

Hard hat

Safety goggles, preferably with side shields

Protective shoes

Protective gloves

Gas mask

Hearing protection First-aid kit

Safety devices

NOTICE:

Never operate a unit unless safety devices are installed. Also see specific informationabout safety devices in other chapters of this manual.

Electrical connections

Electrical connections must be made by certified electricians in compliance with allinternational, national, state, and local regulations. For more information aboutrequirements, see sections dealing specifically with electrical connections.

Precautions before work

Observe these safety precautions before you work with the product or are in connectionwith the product:

Provide a suitable barrier around the work area, for example, a guard rail.

Make sure that all safety guards are in place and secure.

Make sure that you have a clear path of retreat.

Make sure that the product cannot roll or fall over and injure people or damageproperty.

Make sure that the lifting equipment is in good condition.

Use a lifting harness, a safety line, and a breathing device as required.

Allow all system and pump components to cool before you handle them.

Make sure that the product has been thoroughly cleaned.

Disconnect and lock out power before you service the pump.

Check the explosion risk before you weld or use electric hand tools.

Wash the skin and eyes

Follow these procedures for chemicals or hazardous fluids that have come into contactwith your eyes or your skin:

Condition ActionChemicals or hazardousfluids in eyes

1. Hold your eyelids apart forcibly with your fingers.

2. Rinse the eyes with eyewash or running water for at least 15 minutes.

3. Seek medical attention.

Chemicals or hazardousfluids on skin

1. Remove contaminated clothing.

2. Wash the skin with soap and water for at least 1 minute.

3. Seek medical attention, if necessary.


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Environmental safety

The work area

Always keep the station clean.

Waste and emissions regulations

Observe these safety regulations regarding waste and emissions:

Appropriately dispose of all waste.

Handle and dispose of the processed liquid in compliance with applicable

environmental regulations. Clean up all spills in accordance with safety and environmental procedures.

Report all environmental emissions to the appropriate authorities.

WARNING:

Radiation Hazard. Do NOT send the product to Xylem if it has been exposed to any nuclearradiation.

Electrical installation

For electrical installation recycling requirements, consult your local electric utility.

Recycling guidelines

Always follow local laws and regulations regarding recycling.

Product warrantyCoverage

Xylem undertakes to remedy defects in products from Xylem under these conditions:

The faults are due to defects in design, materials, or workmanship.

The faults are reported to an local sales and service representative within the warrantyperiod.

The product is used only under the conditions described in this manual.

The monitoring equipment incorporated in the product is correctly connected and in

use. All service and repair work is done by Xylem authorized personnel.

Genuine Xylem parts are used.

Only Ex-approved spare parts and accessories authorized by an EX-approved Xylemrepresentative are used in Ex-approved products.

Limitations

The warranty does not cover defects caused by these situations:

Deficient maintenance

Improper installation

Modifications or changes to the product and installation made without consulting anXylem authorized representative

Incorrectly executed repair work Normal wear and tear

Xylem assumes no liability for these situations:

Bodily injuries

Material damages

Economic losses


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Warranty claim

Xylem products are high-quality products with expected reliable operation and long life.However, should the need arise for a warranty claim, then contact your local sales andservice representative.


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Transportation and StorageInspect the delivery

Inspect the package

1. Inspect the package for damaged or missing items upon delivery.

2. Note any damaged or missing items on the receipt and freight bill.

3. File a claim with the shipping company if anything is out of order.If the product has been picked up at a distributor, make a claim directly to thedistributor.

Inspect the unit

1. Remove packing materials from the product.

Dispose of all packing materials in accordance with local regulations.

2. Inspect the product to determine if any parts have been damaged or are missing.

3. If applicable, unfasten the product by removing any screws, bolts, or straps.

For your personal safety, be careful when you handle nails and straps.

4. Contact the local sales representative if there is any issue.

Pump lifting

WARNING:

Assembled units and their components are heavy. Failure to properly lift and supportthis equipment can result in serious physical injury and/or equipment damage. Liftequipment only at the specifically identified lifting points. Lifting devices such aseyebolts, slings, and spreaders must be rated, selected, and used for the entire loadbeing lifted.

Crush hazard. The unit and the components can be heavy. Use proper lifting methodsand wear steel-toed shoes at all times.

In order to lift the entire pump, use slings placed around the unit as shown.

Figure 1: Proper lifting method


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Long-term storageIf the unit is stored for more than 6 months, these requirements apply:

Store in a covered and dry location.

Store the unit free from heat, dirt, and vibrations.

Rotate the shaft by hand several times at least every three months.

Treat bearing and machined surfaces so that they are well preserved. Refer to the drive

unit and coupling manufacturers for their long-term storage procedures.For questions about possible long-term storage treatment services, please contact yourlocal sales and service representative.


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Product DescriptionGeneral description

The Series 1531 pump is a centrifugal, close-coupled pump. These features make thepump easy to install, operate, and service:

High efficiency

Rugged bronze-fitted construction Foot-mounted motor

Intended applications

WARNING:

California Proposition 65 warning! This product contains chemicals known to the state ofCalifornia to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.

NOTICE:

This product is not intended for potable water applications.

The pump is intended for use with these pumped fluids:

Unheated domestic and fresh water

Boiler feed water

Condensate

Hydronic cooling or heating

Benign liquids

Pressure boosting

General liquid transfer

Rotation

Pump rotation is clockwise when viewed from the back of the motor. An arrow is also

located on the pump to show the direction of rotation.

Operational specificationsMechanical seal specifications

This table describes the specifications of each mechanical seal type.

Seal type Parameter ValueStandard seals, BUNA carbon/ceramic pH range limits for BUNA pH 79

Liquid temperature range thatcomplies with the pH range limits forBUNA

-20F to 225F (-29C to 107C)

Optional seals, EPR carbon/tungstencarbide

pH range limits for EPR pH 711

Liquid temperature range thatcomplies with the pH range limits forEPR

-20F to 250F (-29C to 121C)

EPR/SiC/SiC pH range limits pH 712.5

Liquid temperature range -20F to 250F (-29C to 121C)


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Seal type Parameter ValueFlushed single seals1,3,4 pH range limits pH 79

Liquid temperature range 0F to 250F (-18C to 121C)

Packing2 pH range pH 79

Liquid temperature range 0F to 200F (-18C to 93C)

Table notes1. An external flush is required on low pressure systems that contain a high

concentration of abrasives.

2. Use packing on open or closed systems which require a large amount of makeupwater, as well as systems that are subjected to a wide variety of chemical conditionsand solids buildup.

3. For operating temperatures above 250F, a cooled flush is required and isrecommended for temperatures above 225F for optimum seal life. On closedsystems, cooling is accomplished by inserting a small heat exchanger in the flush lineto cool the seal flushing fluid.

4. Flush-line filters and sediment separators are available on request.

5. Use a standard seal on closed or open systems that are relatively free of dirt and/or

other abrasive particles.


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InstallationPreinstallationPrecautions

WARNING:

When installing in a potentially explosive environment, make sure that the motor is

properly certified. You must earth (ground) all electrical equipment. This applies to the pump equipment,

the driver, and any monitoring equipment. Test the earth (ground) lead to verify that it isconnected correctly.

Motors without built-in protection must be provided with contactors and thermaloverload protection for single-phase motors, or starters with heaters for three-phasemotors. (See the nameplate on the drive unit to select properly-sized overloads.)

NOTICE: Supervision by an authorized Xylem representative is recommended to ensureproper installation. Failure to do so may result in equipment damage or decreasedperformance.

Evaluate the installation in order to determine that the Net Positive Suction Head Available(NPSHA) meets or exceeds the Net Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHR), as stated bythe pump performance curve.

Pump location guidelines

WARNING:

Assembled units and their components are heavy. Failure to properly lift and support thisequipment can result in serious physical injury and/or equipment damage. Lift equipmentonly at the specifically identified lifting points. Lifting devices such as eyebolts, slings, andspreaders must be rated, selected, and used for the entire load being lifted.

Guideline Explanation/commentKeep the pump as close to the liquid source aspractically possible.

If the pump is not on a closed system, locate the pumpso that the fewest number of bends or elbows in thesuction pipe are needed.

This minimizes the friction loss and keeps the suctionpiping as short as possible.

Make sure that the space around the pump is sufficient. This facilitates ventilation, inspection, maintenance, andservice.

If you require lifting equipment such as a hoist or tackle,make sure that there is enough space above the pump.

This makes it easier to properly use the liftingequipment and safely remove and relocate thecomponents to a safe location.

Protect the unit from weather and water damage due torain, flooding, and freezing temperatures.

This is applicable if nothing else is specified.

Do not install and operate the equipment in closedsystems unless the system is constructed with properly-sized safety devices and control devices.

Acceptable devices:

Pressure relief valves

Compression tanks

Pressure controls


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Guideline Explanation/comment Temperature controls

Flow controls

If the system does not include these devices, consult theengineer or architect in charge before you operate thepump.

Take into consideration the occurrence of unwantednoise and vibration.

The best pump location for noise and vibrationabsorption is on a concrete floor with subsoil

underneath.

If the pump location is overhead, undertake specialprecautions to reduce possible noise transmission.

Consider a consultation with a noise specialist.

When possible, locate the pump below the fluid level. This facilitates priming, ensures a steady flow of liquid,and provides a positive suction head on the pump.

Foundation requirements

Requirements

The foundation must be able to absorb any type of vibration and form a permanent,rigid support for the unit.

The foundation must weigh at least 2-1/2 times the weight of the pump unit.

Provide a flat, substantial concrete foundation in order to prevent strain and distortionwhen you tighten the foundation bolts.

Sleeve-type and J-type foundation bolts are most commonly used. Both designs allowmovement for the final bolt adjustment.

Tie the concrete pad in with the finished floor.

Use some type of expansion fitting in order to facilitate easy servicing. Insert the femaleportion into a suitable hole in the pad so that its top surface is flush with the padsurface. Thus, when the hold-down bolts are removed, the motor can be removed bysliding it back from the pump.

Bolt installation diagram


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Piping checklist

WARNING:

The heating of water and other fluids causes volumetric expansion. The associated forcescan cause the failure of system components and the release of high-temperature fluids.In order to prevent this, install properly sized and located compression tanks andpressure-relief valves. Failure to follow these instructions can result in serious personalinjury or death, or property damage.

Avoid serious personal injury and property damage. Make sure that the flange bolts areadequately torqued.

Never force piping to make a connection with a pump.

Check Explanation/comment CheckedCheck that a section of straight pipe, with a length thatis five times its diameter, is installed between thesuction side of the pump and the first elbow, or that aB&G Suction Diffuser is installed.

This reduces suction turbulence bystraightening the flow of liquid before it entersthe pump.

Check that the suction and discharge pipes aresupported independently by use of pipe hangers nearthe pump .

This eliminates pipe strain on the pump .

Check that there is a strong, rigid support for thesuction and discharge lines. As a rule, ordinary wire or band hangers are notadequate to maintain proper alignment.

For pumps with flanges, check that the bolt holes inthe pump flanges match the bolt holes in the pipeflanges.

Check that the suction or discharge lines are notforced into position.

Coupling and bearing wear will result if suctionor discharge lines are forced into position.

Check that fittings for absorbing expansion areinstalled in the system when considerabletemperature changes are expected.

This helps to avoid strain on the pump.

Check that you have a foot valve of equal or greater

area than the pump suction piping when you use anopen system with a suction lift.

Prevent clogging by using a strainer at the

suction inlet next to the foot valve. Make surethat the strainer has an area three times that ofthe suction pipe with a mesh hole diameter ofno less than 0.25 in. (0.64 cm).

Check that flexible piping is used on both the suctionand discharge sides of the pump when you use anisolation base.

Check that a B&G Triple Duty valve is installed in thedischarge line.

This valve serves as a check valve that protectsthe pump from water hammer, and serves asan isolation valve for servicing and forthrottling.

Check that the pipeline has isolation valves aroundthe pump and has a drain valve in the suction pipe.

Use PTFE tape sealer or a high quality thread sealantwhen you install the suction and dischargeconnections to a threaded pump housing.


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Typical installation

1. Compression tank (locate the compression tank on the suction side of the pump)2. B&G Rolairtrol air separator3. Supply to system4. B&G Circuit Setter

5. B&G Triple Duty valve6. B&G Series 1531 Pump7. B&G Suction Diffuser8. Isolation valve9. Pipe from boiler, chiller, or converter10. Cold water supply11. B&G Reducing Valve


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Commissioning, Startup, Operation,and ShutdownPreparation for startup

WARNING:

Explosion hazard. Do not short battery terminals together or damage the battery.

WARNING:

Failure to follow these precautions before you start the unit will lead to serious personalinjury and equipment failure.

Do not operate the pump below the minimum rated flows or with the suction ordischarge valves closed. These conditions can create an explosive hazard due tovaporization of pumped fluid and can quickly lead to pump failure and physical injury.

If the pump, motor, or piping operate at extremely high or low temperatures, thenguarding or insulation is required. Failure to follow these instructions can result in

serious personal injury or death, and property damage. Always disconnect and lock out power to the driver before you perform any installation

or maintenance tasks. Failure to disconnect and lock out driver power will result inserious physical injury.

Operating the pump in reverse rotation can result in the contact of metal parts, heatgeneration, and breach of containment.

NOTICE:

Verify the driver settings before you start any pump.

Make sure that the warm-up rate does not exceed 2.5F (1.4C) per minute.

You must follow these precautions before you start the pump: Flush and clear the system thoroughly to remove dirt or debris in the pipe system in

order to prevent premature failure at initial startup.

Bring variable-speed drivers to the rated speed as quickly as possible.

If temperatures of the pumped fluid will exceed 200F (93C), then warm up the pumpprior to operation. Circulate a small amount of fluid through the pump until the casingtemperature is within 100F (38C) of the fluid temperature.

At initial startup, do not adjust the variable-speed drivers or check for speed governor orover-speed trip settings while the variable-speed driver is coupled to the pump. If thesettings have not been verified, then uncouple the unit and refer to instructions suppliedby the driver manufacturer.

Prime the pump

CAUTION:

Do not run the pump dry.


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Make sure that the pump body is full of liquid before startup. If the system does notautomatically fill the pump body with liquid, then you must manually prime the pump.

1. Loosen the vent plugs on the pump body.

2. While venting the air from the pump body, rotate the pump shaft a few times by hand.

3. After all air has been purged from the pump, close the vent plugs.

Start the pump

CAUTION: Observe the pump for vibration levels, bearing temperature, and excessive noise. If

normal levels are exceeded, shut down the pump and resolve the issue.

Before you start the pump, you must perform these tasks:

Open the suction valve.

Open any recirculation or cooling lines.

1. Fully close or partially open the discharge valve, depending on system conditions.

2. Start the driver.

3. Slowly open the discharge valve until the pump reaches the desired flow.

4. Immediately check the pressure gauge to ensure that the pump quickly reaches the

correct discharge pressure.5. If the pump fails to reach the correct pressure, perform these steps:

a) Stop the driver.

b) Prime the pump again.

c) Restart the driver.

6. Monitor the pump while it is operating:

a) Check the pump for bearing temperature, excessive vibration, and noise.

b) If the pump exceeds normal levels, then shut down the pump immediately andcorrect the problem.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 until the pump runs properly.

Pump operation precautionsGeneral considerations

WARNING:

Do NOT exceed the maximum working pressure of the pump. This information is listed onthe nameplate of the pump.

CAUTION:

Vary the capacity with the regulating valve in the discharge line. Never throttle the flowfrom the suction side since this can result in decreased performance, unexpected heatgeneration, and equipment damage.

Do not overload the driver. Driver overload can result in unexpected heat generationand equipment damage. The driver can overload in these circumstances:

The specific gravity of the pumped fluid is greater than expected.

The pumped fluid exceeds the rated flow rate.

Make sure to operate the pump at or near the rated conditions. Failure to do so canresult in pump damage from cavitation or recirculation.


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Maximum fluid temperature

At fluid operating temperatures near the upper limit of 190F (88C), the maximumtemperature rise of the leakage is important. Never operate a packed pump with steamforming at the gland. This limits the temperature rise to a maximum of about 20F (-7C). Ifthe formation of steam persists at higher leakage rates, you must provide cooling water bymeans of an external supply, or a heat exchanger used to cool the bypass flush.


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MaintenanceBearing maintenanceBearing lubrication schedule

Type of bearing First lubrication Lubrication intervalsMotor bearings No initial lubrication. The motor was

lubricated at the factory.

Refer to the motor manufacturer's

recommendations for lubricationintervals.

Disassembly

Disassembly precautions

This manual clearly identifies accepted methods for disassembling units. These methodsmust be adhered to.

WARNING:

Make sure that the pump is isolated from the system and that pressure is relieved beforeyou disassemble the pump, remove plugs, open vent or drain valves, or disconnect thepiping.

Always disconnect and lock out power to the driver before you perform any installationor maintenance tasks. Failure to disconnect and lock out driver power will result inserious physical injury.

Crush hazard. The unit and the components can be heavy. Use proper lifting methodsand wear steel-toed shoes at all times.

NOTICE:

Make sure that all replacement parts are available before you disassemble the pump foroverhaul.

Drain the pump

CAUTION:

Allow all system and pump components to cool before you handle them to preventphysical injury.

1. Close the isolation valves on the suction and discharge sides of the pump.

You must drain the system if no valves are installed.

2. Open the drain valve.

Do not proceed until liquid stops coming out of the drain valve. If liquid continues toflow from the drain valve, the isolation valves are not sealing properly and you mustrepair them before you proceed.

3. Leave the drain valve open and remove the drain plug located on the bottom of thepump housing.

Do not reinstall the plug or close the drain valve until the reassembly is complete.

4. Drain the liquid from the piping and flush the pump if it is necessary.

5. Disconnect all auxiliary piping and tubing.


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Remove the bearing frame and impeller assembly

1. Remove the support foot capscrews.

2. Loosen the volute capscrews but do not remove them.

3. Loosen the bearing frame and impeller assembly from the volute.

WARNING:

Make certain that the internal pressure of the pump is relieved beforeyou continue. Failure to follow these instructions could result in serious

personal injury or death, or property damage.4. Remove the seal flushing tube if it is used.

5. Remove the volute capscrews.

6. Remove the bearing frame and impeller assembly from the volute.

7. Remove the impeller capscrew, lock washer, and washer.

8. Remove the impeller.

Remove the mechanical seal (1531 and 1531-F)

1. Remove the rotating portion of the seal.

If necessary, use a screwdriver to loosen the rubber ring.

2. Remove the seal insert, the insert gasket, and the retainer if it is used.

Remove the seal or packing rings (1531-S, 1531-D, and 1531-PF)

1. Remove the hex nuts from the seal cap bolts.

2. For the 1531-PF, remove the hex nuts from the packing gland.

3. Remove the coverplate screws.

4. Remove the coverplate from the bracket.

5. Remove the seal assembly or packing rings.

Pre-assembly inspectionsGuidelines

Before you assemble the pump parts, make sure you follow these guidelines: Inspect the pump parts according to the information in these pre-assembly topics

before you reassemble your pump. Replace any part that does not meet the requiredcriteria.

Make sure that the parts are clean. Clean the pump parts in solvent in order to removeoil, grease, and dirt.

NOTICE: Protect machined surfaces while you clean the parts. Failure to do so mayresult in equipment damage.

Areas to inspect

Inspect the pump regularly for leaking seals, worn gaskets, and loose or damaged

components. Replace or repair these parts as required.

Shaft and sleeve inspection

Inspection criteria

Inspect the shaft and sleeve according to this criteria:

Thoroughly clean the shaft and sleeve.

Thoroughly clean the coverplate seal cavity.

Inspect the surface for damage such as pitting, corrosion, nicks, and scratches.


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ID seal size Distance between collar and impeller end of the shaft sleeve

1-5/8 in. (4.128 cm) 1-1/4 in. (3.175 cm)

5. Assemble the coverplate onto the bracket.

6. Tighten the capscrews according to the Capscrew torque table.

7. Attach the seal cap to the coverplate.

8. Tighten the hex nuts on the seal cap bolts according to the Capscrew torque table.

1. O-ring2. Coverplate3. For 1-1/4 in. seal: 1-13/32 in. (3.571 cm)4. For 1-5/8 in. seal: 1-1/4 in. (3.175 cm)5. Seal locking collar6. Seal cap bolt7. Seal cap8. O-ring9. Motor end

Figure 2: Single mechanical seal (1531S)

Assemble the double mechanical seal (1531-D)

1. Lubricate the shaft sleeve, seal cap, and coverplate cavity with soapy water.

Do not use a petroleum lubricant.

2. Insert a stationary seal and O-ring into the seal cap.

For the 1-1/4 in. ID seal, both parts are housed in the coverplate. A seal cap gasket isnot used.


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1. O-rings2. Motor end

Figure 3: Double mechanical seal (1531D)

3. Insert another stationary seal and O-ring into the coverplate.

4. Slide the seal cap onto the shaft.

5. Replace the seal cap gasket.

6. Slide the rotating portion of the seal assembly onto the shaft sleeve.

7. Assemble the coverplate onto the bracket.

8. Tighten the capscrews according to the Capscrew torque values table.

9. Attach the seal cap to the coverplate.

10. Tighten the hex nuts on the seal cap bolts according to the Capscrew torque valuestable.

Assemble the packed stuffing box (1531-PF)

1. Insert two packing rings into the stuffing box.

2. Insert the lantern ring and the last two pieces of packing.

Make sure that the joints on the packing rings are staggered 90.

3. Install, but do not tighten, the packing gland.

4. Install the coverplate over the pump shaft.

5. Tighten the capscrews according to the Capscrew torque table in the Maintenancechapter.

6. Tighten the packing gland to compress the packing.

See the note on the packed pump operation in the Operations chapter for moreinformation.


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1. Flushing tube2. Coverplate capscrew3. Packing gland4. Bracket5. Coverplate

Reinstall the bearing frame and impeller assembly1. Install the impeller, impeller washer, lock washer, and capscrew, and then tighten per

the Capscrew torque values table.

2. Install a new volute gasket.

3. Install the bearing frame assembly into the volute.

4. Tighten the volute capscrews according to the Capscrew torque values table.

5. Install a seal flushing tube if it is used.

6. Install the support foot capscrews and tighten them according to the Capscrew torquevalues table.

7. Install the drain plug and close the drain valve.

8. Open the isolation valves and inspect the pump for leaks.

Return the pump to service if you do not detect any leaks. See the Note on the packedpump operation in the Commissioning, Startup, Operations, and Shutdown chapter.

Capscrew torque values

Capscrew torque in ft-lbs (Nm)

Capscrewtype Headmarking 1/4 in. 5/16 in. 3/8 in. 7/16 in. 1/2 in. 5/8 in. 3/4 in. 7/8 in. 1 in.SAE grade 2 6 (8) 13 (18) 25 (34) 38 (52) 60 (81) 120 (163) 190 (258) 210 (285) 300 (407)

Brass or

stainlesssteelor

4 (5) 10 (14) 17 (23) 27 (37) 42 (57) 83 (113) 130 (176) 200 (271) 300 (407)


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Capscrewtype Headmarking 1/4 in. 5/16 in. 3/8 in. 7/16 in. 1/2 in. 5/8 in. 3/4 in. 7/8 in. 1 in.SAE grade 5 10 (14) 20 (27) 35 (47) 60 (81) 90 (122) 180 (244) 325 (441) 525 (712) 800 (1085)

Dealer servicing

If trouble occurs that cannot be rectified, contact your local sales and service

representative and be prepared to provide this information:1. Complete nameplate data of pump and motor

2. Suction and discharge pipe pressure gauge readings

3. Ampere draw of the motor

4. A sketch of the pump hook-up and piping


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Xylem |zlm|1) The tissue in plants that brings water upward from the roots2) A leading global water technology company

We're 12,500 people unified in a common purpose: creatinginnovative solutions to meet our world's water needs. Developing new

technologies that will improve the way water is used, conserved, andre-used in the future is central to our work. We move, treat, analyze,and return water to the environment, and we help people use waterefficiently, in their homes, buildings, factories and farms. In more than150 countries, we have strong, long-standing relationships withcustomers who know us for our powerful combination of leadingproduct brands and applications expertise, backed by a legacy ofinnovation.

For more information on how Xylem can help you, go to xyleminc.com

Xylem Inc.8200 N. Austin AvenueMorton Grove, IL 60053Tel. 1-847-966-3700Fax 1-847-965-8379www.xyleminc.com/brands/bellgossett

Visit our Web site for the latest version of thisdocument and more information

The original instruction is in English. All non-English instructions are translations of the originalinstruction.

2012 Xylem Inc.

Bell & Gossett is a trademark of Xylem Inc or oneof its subsidiaries.

P81567_F_ en.US_2012 -12_IOM.1531


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ll l I

l I

Xylem Inc.

8200 N. Austin Avenue, Morton Grove, Illinois 60053

Phone: (847) 966-3700 Fax: (847) 965-8379

www.xyleminc.com/brands/bellgossett


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B-305G

Series 1531 PumpsTHE INDUSTRY STANDARD IN END SUCTION PUMP DESIGN


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Standard Design Features1. Self-flushing mechanical seals ensure maximum

seal face lubrication, heat dissipation and debrisremoval without vulnerable, external flush tubing.As much as 25 percent of the total pump flowcontinuously flushes the seal faces.

2. Back pull-out design allows one service tech easeof maintenance.

3. Aluminum bronze shaft sleeve construction isstandard. Special sealing between the sleeve andshaft prevents corrosion of the shaft by the pumpedfluid.

4. Enclosed, balanced impeller for quiet, vibrationfree performance. Impellers are precision fitted to theshaft and positively locked with a shaft key.

5. Heavy duty cast iron volute construction for 175PSI working pressure.

6. Jacking bolts provide ease of volute disassembly.

7. Gauge tappings on the suction and dischargeflanges along with volute vent and drain tappingsare standard.

8. Hydrostatic testing of each pump is standard.

-

Optional Equipment All iron construction Vertical mounting Footed volute

Bronze casing wear ring Mechanical seal construction


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10 20 30 40 50 60 7080 90100200

300400

500600

700800

9001000

20003000

40005000

10 20 30 40 50 60 7080 90100200

300400

500600

700800

9001000

20003000

40005000

5

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

200

300

400

500

TOTALHEAD,ft.ofwater

CAPACITY, gpm

3500 RPM

1750 RPM

1150 RPM60 Hz

50 Hz


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FIGURE 1

Standard working pressure 175 PSI (12 BAR). Flanges drilled and faced per 125# ANSI Standards*.

GAUGE TAP

DISCHARGE

SUCTION

GAUGE TAP

CP A

ABZ

DD

X

Dimensions are subject to change. Not to be used for construction purposes unless certified.1Varies with motor manufacturer.

PUMP DIMENSIONS FIGURE 1 INCHES (MM)

SIZE OF PUMPAND

DISCHARGE SUCTION DD X Z AB (MAX)1 A (MAX)1 CP (MAX)1

11/4 AC (NPT) 11/2 NPT 43/4 (121) 5 (127) 41/2 (114) 103/4 (273) 101/2 (267) 251/2 (648)

11/2 AC (NPT) 2 NPT 5 (127) 6 (152) 45/8 (117) 103/4 (273) 121/2 (318) 321/4 (819)

2 AC 21/2 51/2 (140) 61/2 (165) 43/4 (121) 103/4 (273) 121/2 (318) 341/2 (876)

21/2 AB 3 513/16 (148) 6 (152) 411/16 (119) 103/4 (273) 121/2 (318) 351/4 (895)

3 AC 4 61/4 (159) 6 (152) 5 (127) 125/8 (321) 14 (356) 361/8 (918)

4 AC 5 67/8 (175) 71/2 (191) 53/4 (146) 151/8 (384) 16 (406) 405/8 (1032)

5 A 6 77/8 (200) 81/2 (216) 61/4 (159) 151/8 (384) 16 (406) 42 (1067)

11/4 BC (NPT) 11/2 NPT 61/8 (156) 8 (203) 51/2 (140) 125/8 (321) 14 (356) 351/8 (892)

11/2 BC (NPT) 2 NPT 61/4 (159) 61/2 (165) 53/4 (146) 151/8 (384) 16 (406) 363/8 (924)

2 BC 21/2 61/8 (156) 7 (178) 57/8 (149) 151/8 (384) 16 (406) 39 (991)

21/2 BB 3 71/4 (184) 63/4 (171) 6 (152) 151/8 (384) 16 (406) 391/8 (994)

3 BC 4 7 (178) 71/2 (191) 61/8 (156) 151/8 (384) 16 (406) 40 (1016)

4 BC 5 85/8 (219) 8 (203) 7 (178) 103/4 (273) 121/2 (318) 363/8 (924)5 BC 6 91/2 (241) 10 (254) 71/2 (191) 125/8 (321) 14 (356) 371/8 (943)

6 BC 8 103/8 (264) 101/2 (267) 81/4 (210) 151/8 (384) 16 (406) 431/2 (1105)

2 E 3 75/8 (194) 8 (203) 61/2 (165) 103/4 (273) 121/2 (318) 391/4 (997)

3 E 4 81/2 (216) 91/2 (241) 73/8 (187) 103/4 (273) 121/2 (318) 351/2 (902)

4 E 5 91/4 (235) 93/4 (248) 71/4 (184) 125/8 (321) 14 (356) 35 (889)

5 E 6 95/8 (244) 101/2 (267) 715/16 (202) 151/8 (384) 16 (406) 38 (965)

6 E 8 107/8 (276) 11 (279) 815/32 (215) 151/8 (384) 16 (406) 405/8 (1032)


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1531-F OPTIONBYPASS FLUSH LINE

INTERNALLY FLUSHED SEAL

1531-S OPTIONFLUSH SINGLE SEAL

STUFFING BOX CONSTRUCTION

STANDARD OPTIONAL

Cast Iron Volute All Iron ConstructionAlloy Steel Shaft Bronze Casing Wear Ring

Bronze Shaft Sleeve Stainless Steel Shaft SleeveInternal Flushed Seal Bypass Flush LineStuffing Box Configuration

Buna/Carbon-Ceramic Seal (Standard Configuration only)

EPR/Tungsten Carbide-Carbon SealEPR/Silicone Carbide-Silicone Carbide Seal

Stuffing Box ConfigurationEPR/Tungsten Carbide-Carbon Seal

SEAL SELECTION GUIDESTANDARD CONFIGURATIONBuna/Carbon-Ceramic PH Limitations 7-9; Temperature Range

-20 to +225FEPR/Tungsten Carbide-Carbon PH Limitations 7-11; TemperatureRange -20 to +250FEPR/Silicone Carbide-Silicone Carbide PH Limitations 7-12.5;Temperature Range -20 to +250FRecommended for use on closed or open systems which arerelatively free of dirt and/or other abrasive particles.

STUFFING BOX CONFIGURATIONFlushed Single Seal

EPR/Tungsten Carbide-Carbon PH Limitations 7-11; TemperatureRange -20 to +300FRecommended for use on closed or open systems which may containa high concentration of abrasives. An external flush is required.Flushed Double Seal

EPR/Carbon-Ceramic PH Limitations 7-9; Temperature Range 0 to+250FRecommended for use on closed or open systems which may contain

a high concentration of abrasives. An external flush is required.Packing

Braided Graphite PTFE-PH Limitations 7-9; Temperature Range 0 to+250FRecommended for use on closed or open systems which require alarge amount of makeup water, as well as systems which are subjectedto widely varying chemical conditions and solids buildup. For operating temperatures above 250F a cooled flush is required and is

recommended for temperatures above 225F for optimum seal life. On closedsystems cooling is accomplished by inserting a small heat exchanger in theflush line to cool the seal flushing fluid.

Flush-line Filters and Sediment Separators are available on special request.

PUMP DIMENSIONS FIGURE 2 INCHES (MM)SIZE OF PUMP

ANDDISCHARGE SUCTION DD X Z AB (MAX)1 HA (MAX)1 CP (MAX)1

2G 3 10 (254) 9 (229) 71/4 (184) 111/2 (292) 14 (356) 317/8 (810)

3G 4 10 (254) 91/2 (241) 8 (203) 145/8 (371) 153/4 (400) 341/16 (865)

4GB 5 11 (279) 10 (254) 89/16 (217) 145/8 (371) 153/4 (400) 361/16 (916)

5G 6 12 (305) 13 (330) 9 (229) 145/8 (371) 221/2 (571) 365/16 (922)

6G 8 12 (305) 14 (357) 95/16 (236) 145/8 (371) 221/2 (571) 371/16 (941)

8G** 10* 143/8 (365) 175/16 (440) 0 157/8 (403) 271/2 (698) 4027/64 (1026)

Dimensions are subject to change. Not to be used for construction purposes unless certified.1Varies with motor manufacturer.*8G suction flange drilled and tapped per ANSI B16.1 standard.**8G is Stuffing Box Configuration only.

Consult Publication B-360 Performance Curves for required horsepower.

FIGURE 2

GAUGE TAP

DISCHARGESUCTION

GAUGE

TAP

CP HA

AB Z

DD

X

Series 1531 Construction features and options


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DESCRIPTION BRONZE FITTED PUMP ALL IRON PUMP*

1 Shaft Steel SAE 1144 Steel SAE 11442 Volute Cast Iron ASTM #A159 Cast Iron ASTM #A1593 Impeller Cast Bronze ASTM #B854 Cast Iron ASTM #1594 Shaft Sleeve Aluminum Bronze ASTM #B111 #304 Stainless Steel ASTM #A3125 Impeller Key #304 Stainless Steel #304 Stainless Steel

6 Impeller Washer 1531 Brass Stainless Steel7 Impeller Lock Washer #304 Stainless Steel #304 Stainless Steel8 Impeller Cap Screw #304 Stainless Steel #304 Stainless Steel9 Volute Gasket Cellulose Fiber Cellulose Fiber

10 Seal AssembliesStandard Seal

Bellows Buna N Buna NFaces Carbon-Ceramic Carbon-CeramicMetal Parts Brass Stainless SteelSpring Stainless Steel Stainless Steel

For Stuffing Box10A Flushed Single

O-Rings EPR EPRFaces Carbon-Tungsten Carbide Carbon-Tungsten CarbideMetal Parts Stainless Steel Stainless SteelSpring Stainless Steel Stainless Steel

10B Flushed Double

O-Rings EPR EPRFaces Carbon-Ceramic Carbon-CeramicMetal Parts Stainless Steel Stainless SteelSpring Stainless Steel Stainless Steel

PackedPacking Graphited Braided Yarn Graphited Braided YarnGland Bronze Cast IronLantern Ring Filled TFE Filled TFE

*All Iron Construction NOT available in G sizes.


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capstone binder_ filter press

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