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Page 1: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail
Page 2: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

capsid

DNA

tail sheath

tail fiber

• All Have:–1) Capsid: coat of

protein that surrounds nucleic acid–2) Nucleic Acid: RNA

or DNA• Some Have:–Tail Fibers: Used for

attachment (not legs)• Shapes vary – Enveloped, helical, or

polyhedral

Page 3: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

• Reproduce• Have nucleic acid• Adapt to

surroundings• Have organization

• Not made of cells or organelles

• Can’t reproduce on own• Don’t metabolize energy• Don’t perform cellular

processes

Page 4: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

• Bacteriophages (infect bacteria) are often studied– Replication is similar with many animal viruses– Two ways: Lytic cycle & lysogenic cycle• These two can intertwine, working together…

Page 5: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

Viruses can enter cells different ways

• Endocytosis• Fusing with cell

membrane

• Bacteriophages pierce cells, injecting genetic material.

colored SEM; magnifications:large photo 25,000; inset 38,000x

Page 6: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

1st Step: Attachment–Virus lands on cell

membrane–Virus attaches to a

cell receptor–No attachment = No

infection–Virus acts as a “key”

to the receptor

Page 7: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

2nd Step: Entry–Virus enzyme weakens cell membrane–Genetic material (DNA or RNA) enters host cell

endocytosis

Page 8: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

3rd Step: Replication–Virus DNA/RNA uses

ribosomes to make virus proteins–Virus proteins created

by transcription/ translation

Page 9: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

4th Step: Assembly–New virus proteins

are assembled in the cytoplasm

Page 10: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

5th Step: Release–Virus enzyme causes cell membrane to burst–Viruses are released to find new host–Cycle repeats

Page 11: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

1st step: Attachment = Same

2nd Step: Entry = Same

Page 12: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

3rd step: Replication –Virus DNA

combines with cell DNA, and waits• Provirus = cell DNA +

viral DNA

–Cell divides by mitosis– Each new cell will

contain the provirus

Page 13: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

4th Step: Assembly Same, except many new viruses are being assembled in many cells

5th Step: Release Same, except many cells burst releasing many more viruses

Page 14: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

How is HIV contracted?

• High risk activities:– 1) Sex (oral, vaginal, anal)– 2) Sharing needles

(tattoos, piercings, drugs)

• Low risk activities:– 3) Mother to child in womb– 4) Breast milk– 5) Blood transfusions (used

to be higher, but sanitation is better now)

Page 15: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

What is AIDS?

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome• AIDS results when:– 1) Less then 200 T cells per 1mm³ blood– 2) Multiple symptoms/infections from HIV appear

• Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS

Gender of those livingwith HIV (2003)

New Exposures to HIV (2006)

Page 16: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

Female Transmission of HIV(2006)

Male Transmission of HIV(2006)

Want more stats? Go to the Centers for Disease Control’s Websitehttp://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/united_states.htm

Page 17: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail
Page 18: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail
Page 19: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail
Page 20: capsid DNA tail sheath tail fiber All Have: – 1) Capsid: coat of protein that surrounds nucleic acid – 2) Nucleic Acid: RNA or DNA Some Have: – Tail

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