2006 Annual Accomplishment Report of the

Illinois Cooperative Agriculture Pest Survey

(CAPS) Program

This annual report outlines exotic pest detection activities conducted according to guidelines

issued by the Eastern Region Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey from January 1, 2006

through December 31, 2006. The document format will basically follow the outline provided in

Appendix H - Annual Report Form. The approved Illinois Calendar Year 2006 CAPS Work Plan

consisted of a core program that outlined specific state activities including target pest surveys

and maintenance of the CAPS network. Part II of the 2006 program focused on exotic

woodborer/bark beetle surveys at high-risk sites in Illinois as part of the National Exotic

Woodboring/Bark Beetle Survey. Results of these funded surveys and other survey activities not

requiring support are included in this report.

Illinois Natural History Survey (Illinois Department of Natural Resources) and Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDA) United State Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

(APHIS), Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ)

Prepared by Kelly A. Cook

Illinois Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) State Survey Coordinator Illinois Natural History Survey

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Table of Contents CORE FUNDING ACTIVITIES...............................................................................................3 Overview of Results and Accomplishments ......................................................3 State CAPS Committee......................................................................................4 CAPS Meetings..................................................................................................5 CAPS Training/Outreach ...................................................................................5 Diagnostics.........................................................................................................6 NAPIS DATABASE SUBMISSIONS ......................................................................................7 CORE WORK PLAN SURVEYS...........................................................................................10 Emerald Ash Borer Survey ..............................................................................10 Soybean Rust Survey .......................................................................................13 Soybean Pod Borer Survey ..............................................................................15 Leek Moth Survey............................................................................................15 Sudden Oak Death Survey ...............................................................................15 Exotic Snail Surveys ........................................................................................15 PART II WORK PLAN SURVEYS........................................................................................16 National Exotic Wood Borer/Bark Beetle Survey...........................................16 SURVEYS NOT REQUIRING ADDITIONAL FUNDING ..................................................18 Soybean Aphid Survey ....................................................................................18 Gypsy Moth Survey .........................................................................................19 Asian Gypsy Moth Survey...............................................................................21 Pine Shoot Beetle Survey.................................................................................23 Asian Longhorned Beetle Survey ....................................................................23 Karnal Bunt Survey..........................................................................................24 Kudzu Survey...................................................................................................24 Japanese Beetle Survey....................................................................................24 Giant Hogweed Survey....................................................................................25

APPENDIX ..........................................................................................................................26 A. Exotic Pests of Concern in Illinois.............................................................26 B. Instructions for Submitting Giant Hogweed Specimen..............................28 UI Plant Clinic Giant Hogweed Form .......................................................29

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I. Core Level Funding Activities

State Survey Coordinator Name: Kelly A. Cook Agency: Illinois Natural History Survey Address: 1816 S. Oak St, I-Bldg 221 Champaign, IL 61820 Phone: (217) 333-1005 FAX: (217) 265-5110 Email: kcook8@uiuc.edu

Overview of Results or Benefits Expected and Actual Accomplishments

The Cooperator seeks to conduct a cooperative agricultural pest survey program that is expected to result in:

1. Designation of a new State Survey Coordinator (SSC) and restructuring of the State

CAPS Committee.

• SSC Cook was hired in April 2006. She assumed the role of chairing the State CAPS committee. For the time being, the committee will remain as is; addition of new members will be as needed.

2. A network of state, county, federal, and public entities to evaluate risks, conduct surveys, and manage cooperative pest programs

• The Illinois State Pest Risk Analysis Committee (SPARC) is composed of United States Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA/APHIS), Department of Homeland Security/Customs and Border Protection (DHS/CBP, and State cooperators and stakeholders who identify and review biological threats, compliance/noncompliance data and emerging pest risk patterns in Illinois field operations. The committee advises USDA/APHIS and IDA of situations that have implications for policy data so APHIS, in collaboration with IDA, can identify hot zones and use data for early pest detection efforts. It also provides data analysis and options to DHS/CBP to support risk management, planning, resource allocation, and decision making pertaining to biological agent entry into Illinois.

3. Surveys for selected harmful or economically significant non-native plant pests and weeds, including exotic pests, pests of export significance, and/or pests not known to occur in the U.S.

• Surveys were conducted by the Illinois CAPS program, IDA, USDA/APHIS/PPQ, and other cooperators. Results of all surveys are reported beginning on page 10.

4. Presence/absence data at county level resolution for target pests and others approved for NAPIS entry.

• NAPIS data from all surveying parties was collected and sent to SSC Cook who then summarized and entered data into NAPIS. The NAPIS summary report is on page 7.

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5. NAPIS data entry and management

• NAPIS data entry for Illinois is managed by SSC Cook. 6. Attendance by designated state representatives at state, regional, and national CAPS

committees.

• Attended the Eastern Region CAPS meeting (page 5) 7. Public outreach, education, and communication

• A summary of outreach, education, and communication activities can be found beginning on page 5.

State CAPS Committee Narrative

The Committee is composed of individuals from USDA/APHIS/PPQ, Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois (including plant pathology and the UI Plant Clinic), and the Illinois Department of Agriculture. Some significant changes occurred during 2006; namely, the hiring of current Illinois state CAPS coordinator (SSC) Cook in April 2006. She replaces previous SSC Helm who retired on June 30, 2005. SSC Helm had been acting in interim roles to ensure continuity of the Illinois program while a search for a new SSC was completed. The State Survey Committee is currently structured as follows:

State Survey Committee Members

Name Organization Discipline

Kelly Cook, SSC INHS-DBEE Entomology

Leellen Solter INHS-DBEE Entomology

Stephen Knight, SPHD USDA-APHIS-PPQ Federal Regulatory

Jeffrey Coath, PSS USDA-APHIS-PPQ Federal Regulatory

Warren Goetsch IDA State Regulatory

Scott Frank IDA State Regulatory

Mark Cinnamon, SPRO IDA State Regulatory

Nancy Pataky U of I, Plant Clinic Plant Pathology

Laura Ettema-Khan USDA-APHIS-PPQ Federal Regulatory

Jeffrey Davidson USDA-APHIS-PPQ Federal Regulatory

SSC – State Survey Coordinator INHS-DBEE – Illinois Natural History Survey, Division of Biodiversity and Ecological Entomology USDA-APHIS-PPQ – United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine SPHD – State Plant Health Director PSS – Pest Survey Specialist SPRO – State Plant Regulatory Official IDA – Illinois Department of Agriculture U of I – University of Illinois

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State CAPS Committee Meeting

CAPS Planning Committee Meeting, Champaign, IL, June 1, 2006.

Committee members present: SSC Cook (chair), SPHD Knight, SPRO Cinnamon, PSS Coath, IDA representatives Goetsch and Frank, USDA-APHIS-PPQ representative Khan, Pataky (UI Plant Clinic), and Solter (INHS-DBEE). Agenda topics included: transition of new SSC in IL CAPS program, exotic pests of concern to Illinois, roles of new SSC and PSS in CAPS, and the 2007 IL CAPS work plan.

Eastern Region CAPS Meeting

Illinois SSC Cook, SPHD Knight and PSS Coath participated in the Eastern Region CAPS Meeting in Raleigh, NC, November 13-16, 2005.

CAPS Networking, Training, and Related Activities

1. CAPS SSC Teleconference. 5/2/06. SSC’s of states within the central plant board met to

discuss CAPS survey-related issues. 2. Firewood Forum. 5/24/06. Meeting held at the Morton Arboretum for stakeholders to

discuss and learn more about the importance of firewood and its movement in the fight against emerald ash borer and other exotic species.

3. Meeting with Indiana SSC Christopher Pierce. 6/7/06. Discussion on current surveys, particularly the wood borer/bark beetle survey.

4. CAPS SSC Teleconference. 6/20/06. SSC’s of states within the central plant board met to discuss CAPS survey-related issues.

5. EAB Readiness Team Meeting. 6/27/06. The EAB team met in response to the finding of EAB in Illinois.

6. CAPS SSC Teleconference. 9/1/06. SSC’s of states within the central plant board met to discuss CAPS survey-related issues.

7. Olney Insect Expo. 9/12/06-9/13/06. Display and student activity “Invasive Species”. Part of a day long education event for ~1,200 4th grade students held at Olney Central College.

8. Illinois SPARC meeting. 9/26/06. Committee met to discuss 2007 Hot Zone Status. 9. Midwest Exotic Forest Pest Workshop. 11/29/06-11/30/06. Des Moines, IA. 10. National Entomological Society of America meeting. 12/10/06-12/13/06. Indianapolis,

IN.

Publications

1. Appleby, J.E., P. Nixon, K.Cook, S. Knight, M. Cinnamon, and E. Makra. Firewood

Warning poster for emerald ash borer awareness. 2. Cook, K.A. Illinois CAPS website (under construction).

http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/research/CAPS/

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TV, Radio, News Releases

1. 8/14/06 – Interview with Ernie Torriero, Chicago Tribune , “ Giant Hogweed” (SSC

Cook) 2. 8/17/06 – Interview with Sean Allee, Chicago Public Radio, “Giant Hogweed” (SSC

Cook) 3. 9/25/06 – Article in Home, Yard, and Garden, “A New Source of Information for

Invasive Species in Illinois.” (SSC Cook)

Diagnostics

Over the course of the summer, I examined 13 insect samples submitted to the University of Illinois Plant Clinic; diagnosed and suggested management practices for the samples.

I received and diagnosed 5 insect samples submitted through the University of Illinois Distance Diagnostics through Digital Imaging (DDDI). Once identified, management suggestions were suggested to clientele. I also received and diagnosed 6 samples of insects pests mailed by local citizens to the Illinois Natural History Survey.

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NAPIS Database Submissions

Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey - NAPIS Summary Report – ILLINOIS

Target Pest Counties Sites*

Plants

Traps Positives Negatives

Sudden Oak Death

Visual Phytophthora ramorum

P ramorum national nursery survey

20 2725 0 2725

Soybean Rust

Gen. Pest Observ. Phakopsora pachyrhizi

General pest observ.; lab confirm.

8 39 17 22

Karnal Bunt

Elevator; spec. site Tilletia indica

Nat. karnal bunt survey; optical scan

74 101 0 101

Hygromiid snail

Visual Monacha cartusiana

Visual; 10 ft radius

2 3 0 3

Emerald Ash Borer

Visual Agrilus planipennis

Emerald ash borer survey

2 5 5 0

Bamboo borer longhorned beetle

Trap Chlorophorus annularis

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Asian cerambycid beetle

Trap Anoplophora glabripennis

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Japanese cedar longhorn beetle

Trap Callidiellum rufipenne

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Longhorned beetle

Trap Hesperophanes campestris Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Sawyer beetle

Trap Monochamus alternatus

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Brown spruce longhorn beetle

Trap Tetropium fuscum

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

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Longhorned beetle

Trap Tetropium castaneum

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Khapra beetle

Trap Trogoderma granarium

Trap; vertical wall mount

1 5 0 5

Japanese beetle

Trap Popilla japonica

Trap; Japanese beetle

3 31 21 0

Sixspined Ips

Trap Ips calligraphus

Nat’l exotic WB/BB survey

1 2 2 0

Pine shoot beetle

Trap Tomicus piniperda

Trap; lindgren

27 177 0 177

Spruce bark beetle

Trap Ips typographus

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Sixtoothed bark beetle

Trap Ips sextdentatis

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Redhaired Pine Bark Beetle

Trap Hylurgus ligniperda

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Mediterranean Pine Engraver

Trap Orthotomicus erosus

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Sixtoothed bark beetle

Trap Pityogenes chalcographus

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Bark beetle

Trap Hylurgops palliatus

Trap; lindgren

10 97 0 97

Lesser pine shoot beetle

Trap Tomicus minor

Trap; Lindgren

10 97 0 97

Exotic bark beetle

Trap Trypodendron domesticum

10 97 0 97

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Trap; lindgren

Bark beetle

Trap Scolytus schevyrewi

Trap; lindgren

1 3 1 2

Steelblue wasp

Trap Sirex noctilio

Trap; lindgren

1 8 0 8

Gypsy moth (European)

Trap Lymantria dispar

Trap; milk carton pheromone

9 1242 519 723

Gypsy moth (European)

Trap Lymantria dispar

Trap; delta pheromone

102 11087 391 10696

Gypsy Moth (Asian)

Trap Lymantria dispar

Trap: delta pheromone

4 16 0 16

Leek moth

Trap Acrolepiopsis assectella

Trap; wing pheromone

1 15 0 15

Giant hogweed

General pest observation Heracleum mantegazzianum

General pest observ.; lab confirm.

2 2 2 0

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II. CAPS Survey Activities Project: Core Work Plan 2006 Project Coordinator: Kelly Cook (217) 333-1005 kcook8@uiuc.edu List of Agencies Involved: USDA-APHIS-PPQ (including AQI) Illinois Natural History Survey Illinois Department of Agriculture Illinois Department of Natural Resources University of Illinois Plant Clinic University of Illinois Extension University of Illinois Department of Crop Sciences

University of Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences

U.S. Forest Service U.S. Customs and Border Protection City of Chicago, Bureau of Forestry The Morton Arboretum National Soybean Research Laboratory, University of

Illinois

1. Emerald Ash Borer The following emerald ash borer survey summary was provided by PSS Jeff Coath:

A homeowner detection of EAB approximately 40 miles west of Chicago in central Kane County was confirmed on June 9, 2006. Upon inspection of the surrounding neighborhood, an additional 20 ash trees within a ½ mile radius were found to be infested. On July 19, 2006, the Illinois Department of Agriculture quarantined a 51 square mile area of Kane County to prevent the spread of the tree killing pest. A second infestation was detected on July 12, 2006 in the Cook County village of Wilmette by Wilmette village foresters. On August 14, 2006, EAB was also detected in the northwest portion of Evanston in Cook County. Emerald Ash Borer was detected in Winnetka on August 30, 2006. The northern most find in Winnetka lies approximately 4 miles from the farthest confirmed site in Evanston.

The Illinois Department of Agriculture is the lead agency in survey activity. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has earmarked $7.6 million in emergency aid to Illinois and Wisconsin to fight EAB. USDA/ APHIS has undertaken the following activities:

• Established a field office in St. Charles, Illinois to support IDA field staff

• Provided tree climbers to aid in detection survey

• Coordinated destructive sampling training sessions

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• Furnished survey equipment and related safety equipment to field staff

• Provided cooperators with EAB research traps (i.e. purple sticky traps)

• Identified areas at high risk for EAB

• Provided identification services for official EAB confirmation

• Served as representatives on EAB Management and EAB Control teams

• Activated Investigative and Enforcement Service (IES) team to identify pathways of EAB introduction

• Announced positions for the Plant Health Safeguarding Specialists (Oct. 2006). The primary focus of the PHSS will be EAB regulatory activity.

The Morton Arboretum continues to chair the Emerald Ash Borer Team (formerly the Emerald Ash Borer Readiness Team). With the discovery of the emerald ash borer (EAB) in a Kane County subdivision, the former EAB Readiness Team proved its usefulness as the state was well prepared for the activity that quickly followed the Illinois EAB confirmation. The EAB team will continue to provide assistance, surveillance, and outreach. Dr. Jim Appleby, UI Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and Dr. Fredric Miller, Morton Arboretum coordinated the visual tree surveys and detection tree surveys. Survey sites include stands of ash previously identified as under stress from ash yellows and state or private forests with accompanying campgrounds. Between April and June, between 300 and 400 trees were identified and girdled in Illinois as part of a two-year trap tree survey. Trees were identified in groups of two, girdled, and marked with GPS coordinates. Beginning in September 2006, one tree in each of these groupings was scheduled to be cut down, debarked, and examined for emerald ash borer. The second tree in each group will be extracted from their respective locations and examined the same way in September 2007. The detection survey was completed at 108 sites with 53 cooperators in Illinois, across municipalities, county forest preserves, state parks/IDNR campgrounds, commercial tree nurseries, and industrial areas. Emerald ash borer larvae were found in three trap trees in Kane County, These trees were found in the Burnridge Forest Preserve near Elgin, the Dick Young Forest Preserve near Batavia, and in Campton Township.

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Figure 1. Locations of detection tree surveys, 2006.

Currently, IDA nursery inspectors are working on a bark- peeling delimiting survey around the Cook and Kane County infestations. No decisions have been made on tree removal as part of a control measure as officials are still waiting on the results of the delimiting survey. Initially, trees were inspected visually; however, based on best practice recommendations from the Brighton, MI EAB office, and Illinois inspectors have transitioned to a bark-peeling survey. Bark peeling in Kane County was completed in December. It is anticipated that bark peeling in Cook country will be completed in March (northern Cook Co.) and April (southern Cook Co.). Kane County and northern Cook County have been quarantined, regulating the intrastate movement of potentially contaminated wood products. A federal quarantine of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan prohibits the movement of the same products.

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2. Soybean Rust

Dr. Linda Kull, National Soybean Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, coordinated the 2006 Illinois Soybean Rust Early Detection Project. There was a total of 40 Soybean Rust Sentinel Plots in Illinois. The 40 plots consisted of the following plant hosts: 38 soybean, 1 pea, and 1 kudzu. All plots were scouted weekly for the presence of soybean rust. During the weekly scouting visits, 20 leaflets were collected per plot and sent to the University of Illinois Plant Clinic where they were screened by Stephanie Porter, plant diagnostician. Soybean rust sentinel plot samples began arriving at the Plant Clinic on June 5, 2006 and continued until September 22, 2006. Disease data was collected from all of the soybean rust sentinel plots. Some of the diseases that were found on the soybean rust sentinel plot samples were: bacterial blight, bacterial pustule, Septoria brown spot, downy mildew, and frogeye leaf spot. In addition to the sentinel plots, about 28 experimental spore traps are in place in Illinois. Although spore traps can capture soybean rust spores, and the samples can be analyzed by various methods including microscopy and molecular testing, these experimental traps cannot distinguish between viable and dead spores, so there is no way of knowing if these soybean rust spores could infect a soybean plant.

Figure 2. Illinois soybean sentinel rust plots and experimental spore traps, September

2006.

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On October 10, suspect leaf samples from the Dixon Springs Station in Pope County were sent by overnight express mail to the University of Illinois Plant Clinic. On October 11 at 10 AM, the Dixon Springs leaf samples were observed to have soybean rust and were immediately sent to the USDA Beltsville, MD facility for genetic confirmation. On October 13, the Director for the Department of Agriculture in Illinois was informed that the leaf samples were positive for soybean rust and a public announcement was made at 10:00 am. On October 12, two mobile scouting groups were deployed and surveyed soybean fields in the southern part of the state and collected leaf samples from Edwards, Gallatin, Jasper, Johnson, Massac, Saline, White, Alexander, Franklin, Jackson, Johnson, Pulaski, and Union Counties.

Confirmation of soybean rust in Illinois that late during the season had no consequence on the 2006 soybean crop. In 2006, soybean rust was found in 274 counties in 15 states.

Figure 3. Illinois positive soybean rust finds, 2006.

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3. Soybean Pod Borer

There have been no reports of soybean pod borer activity during scouting activities of the

soybean rust sentinel plots thus far. Likewise, there have been no suspect specimens of soybean pod borer reported during other scouting activities for a complex of soybean insect pests including bean leaf beetle, Japanese beetle, and western corn rootworm by UI Extension personnel.

4. Leek Moth

Leek moth traps were set in early July. Fifteen leek moth traps were placed in leek and chive fields in Kankakee County and remained in place until the last week in August. Traps were replaced every 2 weeks. No leek moths were found during this survey in 2006. After three years of negative data, this survey will not be continued in 2007.

5. Sudden Oak Death

Illinois Department of Agriculture nursery inspectors submitted a total of 98 sudden oak death samples from 26 nurseries to the UI Plant Clinic as part of the National Nursery Survey Program. USDA-APHIS officers also submitted 5 SOD Trace Forward /Back samples from 3 nurseries to the UI Plant Clinic. The total number of counties sampled was 20. All samples from all locations were negative in the SOD nursery and trace forward/back survey in 2006.

6. Monarcha cartusiana Several sites were surveyed for the presence of exotic snails during routine trap-tending

for the National Exotic Woodborer/Bark Beetle Survey. Locations included Momence Pallet, Enterprise Pallet, Kmart Distribution Center, and Center Point Distribution. At each site, we examined the exterior of containers, beneath wooden pallets, and surrounding vegetation for the presence of snails. At the time of the surveys in June, this portion of the state was dry and no snails or slugs of any kind were found at any of the locations during the course of these surveys. Sites were surveyed again in August. There were no findings at that time.

7. Giant African Land Snail

Outreach and education on the giant African land snail is the primary concern of this part of the core CAPS plan. Possible education and outreach tools include a letter and information sheet sent to teachers and pet shops in Illinois. Information is also being gathered on putting together an informational website through the University of Illinois Extension, especially working with their 4-H and youth programs.

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Project: Part II Work Plan 2006 (National Exotic Woodborer/Bark Beetle Survey) Project Coordinator: Kelly Cook (217) 333-1005 kcook8@uiuc.edu

List of Agencies Involved: USDA-APHIS-PPQ (including CBP and SITC) Illinois Natural History Survey Illinois Department of Agriculture Illinois Department of Natural Resources

University of Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences

U.S. Forest Service

Trapping activities for the exotic woodborer/bark beetle survey were conducted at 26 high

risk locations in 9 counties. A minimum of three 8-funnel Lindgren traps were placed at each location. Protocols for the

exotic wood borer/bark beetle survey called for the following baiting scheme at each site: 1) ultra-high release (UHR) alpha-pinene in combination with UHR ethanol; 2) UHR ethanol alone; and 3) a 3-component exotic bark beetle lure (ipsdienol, methyl butenol, and cis-verbenol). Traps were placed in mid-May and serviced bi-weekly. A total of 54 funnel traps were managed by the Illinois Natural History Survey and 43 funnel traps were managed by Jeff Coath and Jeff Davidson of USDA-APHIS-PPQ. Additionally, two light traps were in placed inside ACE Hardware Distribution Center. Traps were removed at the end of September to conclude survey activity for the 2006 trapping period. No targeted species were identified in 2006.

Table 1. Trapping sites for exotic wood borer/bark beetle survey, 2006.

County Location Site Characteristics # of

Traps

Bureau Ace Hardware Retail Support Center

SWPM EAN importer, shipping point, distribution center, warehouse

3

Cass Illinois Forest Products SWPM, firewood 3

Champaign Champaign-Urbana Landscape Recycling

Green waste site, firewood 3

Vesuvius USA SWPM location, warehouse, importer

3

Cook River Trail Wooded area 3

Fisher Nut Distribution center, SWPM site 3

Horner Park Nature center, firewood 3

Schiller Intermodal Distribution center, SWPM site 3

Calumet Park Park, nature center 3

Kankakee Enterprise Pallets SWPM location 3

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Momence Pallet SWPM location 3

K-Mart Distribution Center

Importer, shipping point, distribution center, warehouse

6

Kankakee River State Park

Campground, firewood, green waste 6

Marshall Poignant Logging Log yard 3

Illini Logging - Veneer Log yard 3

McLean Kirk Wood Products SWPM location, 3

Twin City Recycling Green waste site, firewood, SWPM site

3

Comlara Park Campground, firewood 6

Peoria Victory Acres SWPM site 3

Xpac Export Packaging Container site, free trade zone 3

Peoria Barge Terminal Barge unloading, free trade zone 4

G & D Transportation Distribution 3

Vermillion Carlson Everett Firewood dealer 6

Kickapoo State Park Campground, firewood 9

Will Kankakee River State Park

Campground, firewood 3

Center Point Distribution

Railroad distribution center, SWPM site

3

Figure 4. Trapping sites for exotic wood borer/bark beetle survey, 2006.

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Project: Exotic Pest Surveys Not Requiring Additional Funding Project Coordinator: Kelly Cook (217) 333-1005 kcook8@uiuc.edu

List of Agencies Involved: USDA-APHIS-PPQ Illinois Natural History Survey Illinois Department of Agriculture Illinois Department of Natural Resources University of Illinois Plant Clinic University of Illinois Extension University of Illinois Department of Crop Sciences

University of Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences

Illinois Crop Improvement Association U.S. Forest Service U.S. Customs and Border Protection City of Chicago, Bureau of Forestry The Morton Arboretum National Soybean Research Laboratory, University of

Illinois Southern Illinois University

1. Soybean Aphid

Consensus opinion is the entire state of Illinois is infested with soybean aphid. However, there are only few areas within the state where the soybean aphid is able to overwinter on its secondary host, common buckthorn. Areas without this host become reinfested each year when populations are high. A suction trap network, directed by Dr. David Voegtlin, Illinois Natural History Survey, is operated throughout the state from mid-May through October. Suctions traps help determine when soybean aphid populations are increasing and moving in the air. In 2006, the soybean aphid suction trap network expanded to a North Central Region Soybean Aphid Suction Trap Network that includes traps in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Kentucky, Kansas, and South Dakota. Weekly trap captures can be viewed at the network’s website: http://www.ncpmc.org/traps/index.cfm. Weekly field surveys were conducted through the University of Illinois Dept. of Crop Sciences of 26 fields from Woodford County to Stephenson County. Surveyors monitored 10 fields at various distances from the suction trap near Metamora (Woodford County), 10 fields at various distances from the suction trap near Freeport (Stephenson County), and six fields between the two locations (in Marshall, Putnam, Bureau, Lee, Whiteside, and Ogle counties). Soybean aphid numbers in the surveyed fields were very low in the beginning of summer before slowly increasing in late July and August. Fall flight of soybean aphids was higher than in years past. Depending on natural enemies and oviposition, overwintering numbers of eggs could be high.

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2. Gypsy Moth

The gypsy moth trapping program in Illinois is a cooperative effort between the Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDA), USDA-APHIS-PPQ, and the USDA Forest Service. Since Illinois has established populations, the state is generally divided into 3 zones. The “quarantine area” is the portion of the state where gypsy moth is considered active. The “STS Action Zone” is the portion of the state where treatment activities are undertaken to limit moth population and thus, “slow the spread” of gypsy moth. The remainder of the state is considered uninfested, and actions may be taken to eradicate any infestations that are found in those areas. Trapping, treatments, and regulatory work are conducted by the IDA in the slow the spread area of northern Illinois. In the remaining areas of the state, detection trapping is completed by USDA-APHIS-PPQ and USDA Forest Service. As reported by USDA-APHIS-PPQ Domestic Officer Laura Khan:

The IDA placed 6,176 milk carton and delta traps Disparlure in 18 counties as part of the STS program. A total of 24, 834 moths were caught. In the detection area, 6,330 delta traps were placed in 85 counties by USDA-APHIS-PPQ and the USDA Forest Service. Nineteen gypsy moths were caught in twelve counties. The counties with positive finds are Whiteside (2 GMs), Rock Island (4 GMs), Bureau (1 GM), Peoria (2 GM), Woodford (1 GM), Tazewell (2 GM), Fulton (1 GM), McLean (1 GM), Champaign (1 GM), Jasper (1 GM), Bond (1 GM), Madison (2 GM). In the STS area, 24,363 acres were treated under the direction of the IDA. 4,022 acres were treated with BtK by helicopter in areas of Boone, Cook, DuPage, Kane, and Winnebago counties. Mating disruption flakes were dispersed across 20,341 acres in the areas of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Ogle, Will, and Winnebago counties.

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Figure 5. Map of Gypsy Moth Survey, 2006.

Figure 6. STS Gypsy Moth Trap Catch in 2006 and Proposed 2007 Implementation Area

(http://www.gmsts.org/operations/).

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3. Asian Gypsy Moth

The Asian Gypsy moth survey in Illinois is a cooperative effort between USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Customs Border Protection Department of Homeland Security (CBP-DHS), City of Chicago Bureau of Forestry, and the Illinois Department of Agriculture. There were no Asian Gypsy moths trapped in Illinois.

As reported by USDA-APHIS-PPQ Domestic Officer Laura Khan, The CBP-DHS inspectors look for all life stages of the Gypsy Moth, including Asian Gypsy Moth throughout the year on all selected arriving ships and containers from oversees. Looking for these pests is part of their inspection protocol. If found, it is submitted to the USDA identifier for confirmation or further DNA analysis. USDA currently has a pre-departure inspection program set up with Russia and Japan. Ships are inspected by trained Russian and Japanese officials specifically looking for AGM life stages, most commonly egg masses. Upon arrival in the US all vessels from high risk countries, including Japan and Russia are inspected by CBP-DHS. During this past season no AGM were detected on ships or containers in the port of Chicago.

The ILDA and the City of Chicago Bureau of Forestry set traps as part of the Slow the Spread Program near the Calumet Harbor. Any trap within 5 miles of the sea port that is positive for gypsy moth will be considered a possible Asian gypsy moth suspect and turned into the USDA for submission to Otis Lab for DNA analysis. The ILDA did not have any finds within the target area. Submissions from the City of Chicago are still pending.

The USDA-APHIS-PPQ set a total of 15 traps at various high risk locations in the state. One trap was positive for AGM suspects. Traps were placed at the following locations- • 4 traps near the Calumet Harbor in Chicago, Cook County. One trap came back

positive with 2 suspect AGM. This trap was forwarded to the Otis Pest Survey, Detection and Exclusion Laboratory in Otis, MA for genetic analysis.

• 2 traps at the Fisher Warehouse site in Elk Grove Village, Cook County • 3 traps at the XPac Container loading and exporting site, Peoria, Peoria County • 3 traps at the G&D Transportation container storage yard, East Peoria, Tazewell

County • 3 traps at the Ace Hardware Distribution Center, Princeton, Bureau County

In addition to these fifteen traps, one regular GM detection trap set in Bureau County at a Burlington Northern & Santa Fee switching station and storage yard turned up positive for GM. The location was suspect for possible AGM so the trap was sent to Otis for DNA analysis and found to be negative.

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Figure 7. Map of Asian Gypsy Moth Survey, 2006.

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4. Pine Shoot Beetle

USDA-APHIS-PPQ Domestic Officer Laura Khan coordinated trapping activities for pine shoot beetle. Traps for pine shoot beetle were set from mid-March to June 1. Seventeen counties were surveyed in central Illinois (Cass, Menard, Logan, Morgan, Sangamon, Macoupin, Montgomery, Bond, Fayette, Effingham, Cumberland, Jasper, Crawford, Marion, Clay, Richland, and Lawrence), where pine shoot beetle is not considered established. Lindgren 8 funnel traps baited with alpha-pinene lure were placed at 80 sites in 17 Illinois counties. No pine shoot beetle or exotic species of any kind were found in the counties sampled in 2006

Figure 8. Pine Shoot Beetle Survey, 2006.

5. Asian Longhorned Beetle

The last Asian longhorned beetle quarantine was lifted on July 12, 2006 around the 9-square mile area around OZ Park in Chicago eight years after the insect was first discovered in Illinois. Although all quarantined areas for the Asian longhorned beetle have been lifted, trees in the formerly quarantined areas will continue to be inspected through 2007. There have been 3 years of negative finds in the areas; four years need to be recorded to declare the insect eradicated. Since initial detection of the ALB on July 9 of 1998, 1,551 infested trees have been detected and removed from northeastern Illinois and over 2,682 non-host trees have been replanted. More than 290,000 ALB host trees have been treated with insecticide between 2000 and 2006 as a protective measure to reduce beetle populations.

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6. Karnal Bunt

Eighty-one wheat samples were collected from grain elevators in 69 counties throughout Illinois from mid-June to mid-July. All samples were shipped to the USDA Karnal Bunt Facility in Olney, Texas for optical scan and found to be negative for Karnal Bunt.

Figure 9. Karnal Bunt Survey, 2006.

7. Kudzu

Dr. George Czapar, extension educator at the University of Illinois Extension Center in Springfield, and Jody Shimp, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, coordinate a program to monitor and slow the spread of kudzu in Illinois. As shown in 2005, more than 30 counties in Illinois are currently affected. Even though these infestations are small in most areas, infestations are most severe in the southeastern part of the state. The aggressiveness of this weed is of particular concern because it is able to harbor spores of soybean rust. This survey is near completion. Currently, plans are being made to design and distribute a fact sheet on kudzu in Illinois, including information on how to manage the plant and limit the spread of kudzu in Illinois.

8. Japanese Beetle

USDA-APHIS-PPQ set 12 traps around the perimeter of O’Hare International Airport in June, 7 traps at the Greater Peoria Regional Airport in June, and 2 traps at the Greater Rockford Regional Airport in June. Japanese beetles were positively identified in all traps.

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9. Giant Hogweed

Giant hogweed was confirmed for the first time in Illinois in August. Plants were found in Cook County by participants in the New Invaders Watch Program (http://ctap.inhs.uiuc.edu/newinvaders/), a cooperative program that engages citizens to spot new invasive species that pose a threat to healthy ecosystems. Since the initial confirmation the state has learned of 3 other infestations (2 in DuPage County, 1 in Cook County) that have been present for several years. All are currently being managed by their Forest Preserve District or Morton Arboretum. Concerned citizens have been encouraged to contact their local extension unit with suspect specimens. The University of Illinois Plant Clinic accepted suspect hogweed plants, free of charge, until the first hard frost. Once screened at the clinic, any possible positive plants were to be sent to an APHIS identifier. In 2006, the UI Plant Clinic did not receive any potential hogweed samples submitted to them.

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Appendix A. Exotic Pests of Concern in Illinois INSECTS

Common Name Scientific Name

Leek Moth Acrolepiopsis assectella

Summer fruit tortix moth Adoxophyes orana

Oak splendor beetle Agrilus biguttatus

Emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis

Citrus longhorned beetle Anoplophora chinensis

Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis

Soybean aphid Aphis glycines

Small Japanese cedar longhorned beetle Callidiellum rufipenne

Brown fur longhorned beetle Callidiellum villosulum

Bamboo / tiger bamboo longhorned beetle Chlorophorus annularis

European poplar shoot borer Gypsonoma aceriana

Brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys

Old world bollworm Helicoverpa armigera

Chinese longhorned beetle Hesperophanes (Trichoferus) campestris

Exotic bark beetle Hylurgops (Hylurgus) palliatus

Golden-haired bark beetle Hylurgus ligniperda

Six-spined engraver beetle Ips sexdentatus

European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus

European gypsy moth Lymantria dispar

Soybean pod borer Maruca vitrata

Japanese pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus

Small white-marmorated longhorned beetle Monochamus sutor

Mediterranean pine engraver beetle Orthotomicus erosus)

Six-toothed spruce engraver Pityogenes chalcographus

Oak ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus

Viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni

Banded elm bark beetle Scolytus schevyrewi

European woodwasp Sirex noctilio

Black spruce beetle Tetropium castaneum

Brown spruce longhorned beetle Tetropium fuscum

Pine shoot beetle Tomicus destruens

Lesser pine shoot beetle Tomicus minor

Common pine shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda

Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium

European hardwood ambrosia beetle Trypodendron domesticum

Giant woodwasp Urocerus gigas

Exotic bark beetles Xyleborus spp.

Asian ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus crassiusculus

Longhorned beetles Xylotrechus spp.

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NEMATODES

Common Name Scientific Name

Potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida Golden nematode Globodera rostochiensis

PATHOGENS

Common Name Scientific Name

Oak wilt Ceratocystis fagacearum

Soybean rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi

Oak decline Phytophthora quercina Sudden oak death Phytophthora ramorum

Plum pox virus Plum pox potyvirus

Chrysanthemum white rust Puccinia horiana

Bacterial Wilt of Potato Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2

Karnal bunt Tiletia indica

SNAILS

Common Name Scientific Name

Giant African land snail Achatina fulica

Carthusian snail Monacha cartusiana

WEEDS

Common Name Scientific Name

Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata

Oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus

Spotted knapweed Centaurea maculosa

Chinese yam / Cinnamonvine / Air potato Dioscorea oppositifolia

Autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata

Leafy spurge Euphorbia esula

Giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum

Japanese hops Humulus japonicus

British Yellowhead Inula spp.

Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica

Amur honeysuckle Lonicera maackii

Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria

Japanese stiltgrass Microstegium vimineum

Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum

Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum

Mile-a-minute weed Polygonum perfoliatum

Curly leaf pondweed Potamogeton crispus

Kudzu Pueraria montana var. lobata

Buckthorn(s) Rhamnus spp.

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Appendix B. Giant Hogweed Forms Suspect specimens should be sent to the University of Illinois Plant Clinic for further identification. The UI Plant Clinic will accept potential hogweed specimens, without charge, until the first hard frost. Please follow the procedures below when sending samples.

Submitting a Potential Giant Hogweed Sample

1. Please use caution when handling potential hogweed plants. Care should be taken to use protective eye wear, rubber gloves, long sleeves and pants to avoid sap to skin contact.

2. If possible, try to prescreen plants at your local Extension office. There are several plants that are similar to giant hogweed. Is this sample one?

3. If sample does not look like one of the plants on the look-a-like sheet, please prepare sample to send to the UI Plant Clinic.

4. Try to submit a complete leaf for identification. Flowers are also very helpful. Stems or seeds alone are often not enough to make a definitive identification.

5. Sample should be first put in a garbage bag; a moist paper towel will keep the specimen fresh.

6. Please fill out the giant hogweed information sheet to aid the identifier at the Plant Clinic.

7. Please clearly mark HOGWEED SAMPLE on the outside of the mailing package.

8. Pictures are helpful too! Photos that illustrate flowers, leaf bases, and leaf sheaths would be beneficial and can be included in the sample.

9. If you have any questions please contact the UI Plant Clinic:

Phone: 217-333-0519 http://plantclinic.cropsci.uiuc.edu/ Address samples to: Plant Clinic 1401 W. St. Mary’s Road Urbana, IL 61802

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SUSPECT Giant Hogweed Specimen Data Form University of Illinois Plant Clinic 1401 W. St. Mary’s Road (217) 333-0519 Urbana, IL 61802

Office Use Only Submitter ______________________________ Collector _______________________________ Send response to: Name _______________________________

Address _____________________________

City ___________________ State_________ Zip __________

Phone# (______) ____________ Email ____________________

Please fill in as much information as possible.

Date Collected ______________________

Address of Site:

Street ________________________________________________

City __________________ Township _____________________

County __________________________

Quantity Stand:

How many flowering stalks? ________________________________

Sq. footage and/or acreage ________________________________

GPS Coordinates: (N) ______________________ (w) _________________________

(If possible) Take digital images of the site.

Photos illustrating flowers, leaf bases, and leaf sheaths are also helpful. Digital photos accepted.

Plant Clinic #_________________

Date Received________________

County______________________

Charge______________________

Date Paid Ck #

Additional notes about site or plants.