BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

BANGALORE 56019, INDIA

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS And COMMUNICATION ENGINEERINGIMAGE PROCESSING PROJECT PRESENTATION

CANCER CELL DETECTION USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

By l kajikho,manish shah,bikram,adnan,sameep

INTRODUCTION

Lung Anatomy

The lungs are a pair of

sponge-like

cone-shaped organs

The right lung has three lobes,

and is larger than the left lung,

which has two lobes

Lung tissue transports oxygen to the bloodstream

to go to the rest of the body.

Cells release carbon dioxide as they use oxygen

LUNG CANCER

Lung cancer is a disease of abnormal cells multiplying and growing into

a tumor.

Cancer cells can be carried away from the lungs in blood,

or lymph fluid that surrounds

lung tissue.

Lung Cancer Types

• Small cell lung cancer

• Non small cell lung cancer

LUNG CANCER DETECTION SYSTEM

IMAGE CAPTURE

PRE-PROCECSSING

IMAGE ENHANCEMENT

The image Pre-processing stage starts with image enhancement; the

aim of image enhancement is to improve the interpretability or

perception of information included in the image for human viewers, or to

provide better input for other automated image processing techniques.

In the image enhancement stage we used the following three

techniques:

Gabor filter

Auto-enhancement and

Fast Fourier transform techniques.

GABOR FILTER

Gabor filter is a linear filter whose impulse response is defined by a harmonic function multiplied by a Gaussian function. Because of the multiplication-convolution property (Convolution theorem), the Fourier transform of a Gabor filter's impulse response is the convolution of the Fourier transform of the harmonic function and the Fourier transform of the Gaussian function.

(a) (b)

Figure describes (a) the original image and

(b) the enhanced image using Gabor Filter.

FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM

Fast Fourier Transform technique operates on Fourier transform of a given

image. The frequency domain is a space in which each image value at image

position F represents the amount that the intensity values in image “I” vary over

a specific distance related to F. Fast Fourier Transform is used here in image

filtering (enhancement). Figure given below describes the effect of applying

FFT on original images, where FFT method has an enhancement percentage of

27.51%.

(a) Original Image (b) Enhanced by FFT

IMAGE SEGMENTATION

Segmentation divides the image into its constituent regions or

objects.Image segmentation is the process of assigning a label to every pixel in

an image such that pixels with the same label share certain visual

characteristics.

Image segmentation are of two types:

Thresholding approach

Marker-Controlled Watershed Segmentation Approach

THRESHOLDING APPROACH

Thresholding is a non-linear operation that converts a gray-scale image into a

binary image where the two levels are assigned to pixels that are below or

above the specified threshold value.

(a) Enhanced image by Gabor (b) Segmented image by thresholding

MARKER-CONTROLLED WATERSHED

SEGMENTATION APPROACH

Separating touching objects in an image is one of the more difficult image

processing operations.

The water shed transform is often applied to this problem. The marker based

watershed segmentation can segment unique boundaries from an image.

(a) Enhanced image by Gabor (b) Segmented image by

Watershed

FEATURES EXTRACTION AND DETECTION

To predict the probability of lung cancer presence, the following two

methods are used:

Binarization Approach

Masking Approach

Binarization Approach

Binarization approach depends on the fact that the number of black pixels is

much greater than white pixels in normal lung images.

So count the black pixels for normal and abnormal images to get an average that

can be used later as a threshold, if the number of the black pixels of a new

image is greater that the threshold, then it indicates that the image is normal,

otherwise, if the number of the black pixels is less than the threshold, it

indicates that the image in abnormal.

Fig. Binnarization method procedure Fig. Binarization check method

flowchart

Masking approach

Masking approach depends on the fact that the masses are appeared as white

connected areas inside lungs

The appearance of solid

blue colour indicates

normal case while

appearance of RGB masses

indicates the presence of

cancer

Therefore, combining

Binarization and Masking

approaches together will lead

us to take a decision whethe the case is normal or abnormal

CONCLUSIONS

Lung cancer is the most dangerous and widespread in the world according to

stage the discovery of the cancer cells in the lungs.

An image improvement technique plays a very important and essential role to

avoid serious stages and to reduce its percentage distribution in the world

THE END