PANAMA CANAL

PRESENTED BY:JULIÁN GONZÁLEZ

CRONOLOGY.

HOW DO THEY MADE IT.

THE PANAMA CANAL EXPANSION PROJECT.

PICTURES

INTRODUCTION

Show the application of engineering in the construction of the Panama Canal, which improved economically, socially and politically this nation.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

Learn about the constructions of the XIX and XX centuries.

Talk about the chronology of the construction. Observe the operation of the locks and why

they are necessary.

SPECIFICS OBJETIVES

1880: First attempt to build a canal to Panama by a French company.

1902: Signature Spooner law by President Roosevelt. The USA agreed to resume construction of the Panama Canal, after the failure of the French company.

1903 (January): Preparing the Hay-Herrán Treaty on the Law of the construction of the Panama Canal by the U.S.A

CRONOLOGY

1903 (November): Proclamation of the Separation of Panama from Colombia. The Independent Republic of Panama is recognized by the U.S.A Congress. UU.

1904 Reopening of the works of the Panama Canal by the U.S.A. The Isthmian Canal Commission is created for construction.

1913: Completion of construction of the Panama Canal on 15 August 1914. Starts the Governor of the Canal Zone as a new administrative entity.

1977: (September) Signature of the Torrijos-Carter treaty progressively pays the sovereignty of the Canal Zone to Panama USA.

1999: Starts administration through the Panama Canal Authority.

2006 (april): The proposed expansion of the Panama Canal is presented.

(October): Approved by referendum the proposed extension. 2007 (September): Began the expansion work

at Cerro Paraiso.

Built by one of the most prestigious engineers XIX century: Ferdinand de Lesseps.

It was built after the need to reduce costs, and hours of sailing distances between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

The construction of the Panama Canal beginning in the mid-XIX century.

CONSTRUCTION

For the construction of the Panama Canal was necessary to create an artificial lake and dam called freshwater Gatun Lake.

small railroads used for the circulation of powerful locomotives.

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It has two port terminals, one in every ocean; three sets of twin locks, Miraflores, Pedro Miguel and Gatun, and one of the largest artificial lakes in the world.

It has a depth of 12.8 m in the Atlantic and 13.7 m in the Pacific

INFRASTRUCTURE

The Panama Canal has gates which perform the function of leveling the boats on the sea level.

The channel has 80 km of which are formed between the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic and artificial Gatun dam and river and lake.

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The April 24, 2006, former President Martin

Torrijos Espino formally announced the proposed

enlargement of the Panama Canal through the

construction of a third set of locks and

extending the navigation channel.

Expansion

The job of Panama Canal Expansion kicked off on Monday September 3, 2007, the Cerro detonation Cartagena located on the banks of the Canal. It plans to open the new locks on August 15, 2014, when the centenary of the Panama Canal will be commemorated.

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The Panama canal is one of the greatest

achievements of modern engineering.

From the Atlantic to the Pacific is 80 miles long;

has a depth of 12.8 meters in the Atlantic and

13.7 meters in the Pacific; the width is 91 300

meters.

INFORMATION:

It was finally finished on August 15th in

1914

The canal is 48 miles(77 km) long, cutting

across the Isthmus of Panama.

Connects the Atlantic Ocean and the

Pacific Ocean.

LOCKS CRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

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PANAMA CANAL EXPANSION

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Panorama of Pacific entrance of the canal. Left: Pacific Ocean and Puente de las Americas; far right: Miraflores locks.

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http://www.pancanal.com/eng/photo/camera-java.html?cam=Miraflores

MORE IMAGES:

http://www.pancanal.com/eng/general/howitworks/dimensions.html MORE INFORMATION:

FINALLY

Thanks to the construction of the Panama Canal

both trade and maritime transport increased.

The distances between the continents are now

much shorter.

Reduced costs of sea voyages, as they were

once very expensive and limited for this reason.

THANKS.