canadian 2class ekg questions

8/6/2019 Canadian 2class EKG Questions

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G01. Care of an air compressor either 2or 3 stage. What attention is neededbefore opening up for inspection?

REF:MAR87

G02. What faults are likely to develop inan air compressor and how are theyremedied.

G03. Explain the necessity ofintercoolers on a multi-stage compressor.What attention is required to keep them

safe and in good working order? Sketchand describe an intercooler suitable for a2400 kPa compressor and state materialsused.

REF:MAR83 REF:DEC90

G04. Describe the construction of a 3stage air compressor

a) give the temperatures and pressuresat each stage

b) where are the drains

c) what type of oil is used and why

G05. Describe a 3 stage air compressor.Why is there a cooling system. Sketch acooler suitable for 2400 kPa

REF:JAN87

G06. Why are isothermal conditionsdesirable in an air compressor andadiabatic conditions in a diesel engine?How are these conditions aided? What

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physical properties prevent theseconditions from being perfect?

G07. Draw a combined indicator diagram

of a 3 stage air compressor, and showthe effects of intercooling. Give thevarious pressures and temperatures.

G08. How is the efficiency of an aircompressor affected by the following:

a) excessive clearance volume

b) insufficient cooling water

c) restricted low pressure air supply

G09. Explain how the ingress of seawater is prevented in an oil lubricatedstern bearing system. Should the systemfail, describe the corrective actionpossible whilst the vessel is afloat. Statewhy two stern bearing oil header tanksare fitted in some instances?

G10. Make a detailed sketch of thesealing arrangements for an oil-filledstern tube. Describe the common formsof seal failure. Explain how oil loss dueto seal failure is restricted whilst onpassage. Describe how the seals arerestored to their original effectiveness.Give a reason

other than the expense of oil loss whyeffective sealing is necessary.

G11. Compare the merits and demeritsof roller and plain bearings when used formain shafting. Describe with sketches a

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roller bearing for main shafting. Explainwhy the need to split main roller bearingscreates problems and how they areovercome. Give two reasons why rollerbearings are rarely employed as stern

bearings.

REF:JUN90

G12. Sketch and describe a mainbearing as fitted to a diesel engine. Howwould it be remetalled on board ship inan emergency?

ANS:Pounder#5/695 REF:NSG7

G13. Identify the chief causes ofoverheating in tunnel bearings and ofvibration in main shafting. Explain whythe siting of the engine room amidshipsenhances these tendencies. State howoverheating and vibration may bereduced or eliminated.

G14. Give two reasons for sludgeformation in main lubricating oil systems.Explain how bearing metal is attackedwith particular reference toincompatibility between the oil andmetal. Explain the role of additives andstate what normal practices must besuspended in order to maintain treatedoils in their optimum condition. Discussthe problems associated with the use of

a multi-purpose lubricating oil.

G15. By examining bearings, give thecondition of lubricating oil in an engine.State simple tests that may beperformed aboard ship. How would youkeep lube oil in good condition.

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REF:MAY90

G16. With reference to main shaftbearings which are excessively loaded or

very lightly loaded state for eachcondition what are the:

a) indications of the fault

b) effects on adjacent bearings

c) remedial steps

Explain why load distribution on mainshaft bearings changes in service.

REF:OCT88 REF:NOV89

G17. Discuss the merits and demerits ofshell and pad shaft bearings. How isshafting alignment checked with What isthe effect of tailshaft weardown on theadjacent shaft bearings.

REF:MAR92

G18. How is the weardown of a tail shaftchecked? How often is it taken? Wherewould you find previous readings? Whatmaximum weardown would you allow fora 250 mm diameter shaft?

REF:NSG4

G19. Describe the procedure in lining upan engine bedplate, main bearings, gearbox, thrust block, propeller shafting andtail-end shaft, assuming this to be a newship.

REF:NSD8

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G20. With reference to shell and padbearings which are excessively loaded orvery lightly loaded state for eachcondition what are the:

a) indications of the fault

b) effects on adjacent bearings

c) remedial steps

Explain why load distribution on bearingschanges in service.

REF:MAR91

G21. Sketch and describe a single collarthrust block. How is lubrication effected?What pressure can be carried ascompared with a multi-collar thrust?

REF:NSG3

G22. Give a reasoned opinion as to theaccuracy of the following statements:

a) the effectiveness on a main thrustblock is only as good as its seatingarrangements

b) pivoted pads are not necessary inthrust bearing design

c) fore and aft clearance between shaftcollar and pads is of little consequence

G23. How is the position of the enginefixed in a ship? How is the enginealigned? How is the engine secured tofloors or tanktop. (sketch method). Whatis a crankshaft deflection and how is itdone.

REF:NOV88 REF:MAY89

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REF:MAR91 REF:NSH7

G24. What is the purpose of acofferdam. Where are they located?

Name all their fittings. How are theyentered?

REF:JAN87 REF: 90

G25. Sketch and describe a dieselelectric propulsion system. Mentiondisadvantages and advantages.

REF:JUN88

G26. Describe 4 types of stress. Give anexample of each in a boiler and anengine.

REF:JAN87

G27. Regarding air receivers and boilers,

what is the nature and intent of stressesin the longitudinal and circumferentialseams. State the rules that apply.

REF:NSH1

G28. Explain fatigue and thermalstresses. State 2 examples of each anencountered on a diesel ship. How arethey dealt with. Give 2 examples of

each.

REF:FEB91

G29. Sketch and describe a stocklessanchor illustrating the method or deviceused to attach it to the chain cable.

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When the anchor and cable are rangedduring the ships underwater survey whatparts require special attention and whatdefects are likely to be discovered?

G30. Describe and sketch an axial flowpump. Explain it's principle of operation.State what important advantage andserious disadvantage it possessescompared to other pumps. Explain theeffects of throttling either the suction ordischarge valve.

G31. Describe the auxiliary machinerythat would be required for safe andefficient operation of a large motor ship.Describe the size and capacity of thepumps. State the type

and size of ship (cargo / passenger).

REF:MAR83 REF:JAN86

REF:JAN87

G32. What are the conditions required inthe cylinders of a marine diesel enginefor good combustion. Under normalworking conditions the following mayoccur:

a) black smoke

b) white smoke

c) blue smokeWhat may be the suspected cause foreach case to occur? What would be theremedy for it?

REF:JAN87 REF:JUN88

REF:DEC88

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G33. What is meant by the term "closedflashpoint" of an oil? Describe a test todetermine its value. State any factorsthat limit the temperature of heating formarine fuels. Give the approximateclosed flashpoint of:

a) petrol (gasoline)

b) paraffin

c) boiler fuel oil

REF:NSJ7

34. What is the chemical composition ofcoal? Give the

average calorific value of coal. Describeteh chemical

process when coal is burned in air.

REF:JUL88 REF:NSB9

G35. Give the calorific values ofanthracite and bituminous coals. Whatare the chemical compositions of thiscoal?

REF:NSE4

G36. Discuss any form of the following:

a) flashpoint

b) viscosity

c) calorific value

d) conradson carbon

e) pour point

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f) fire point

REF:NSE7

G37. What is meant by the "flash pointof oil? How is it obtained? What are theapproximate closed flash points of thefollowing fuels:

a) diesel oil

b) bunker oil

c) kerosene

d) gasoline

REF:NSF1

G38. With reference to a tubular heatexchanger:

a) why is ferrous sulphide being used inplace of impressed current

b) where are TEFLON inserts being used

c) what type of material is used for thetubes

REF:JAN90

G39. With reference to multitubular heatexchangers explain:

a) how and where impingement attack islikely to occur in the tubes

b) Why is it desirable that coolant flowrate should not exceed that required tomaintain correct fluid temperature

c) ample well-shaped water boxes andsmooth tube inlets are desirable

d) partial obstruction of tube bore is a

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'parallel flow' and 'contra flow'. Give twoadvantages and two disadvantages ofeach type of flow. State an applicationfor which each is most suitable. Describehow the 'fall off' in efficiency of heat

exchangers may be effectivelycountered.

REF:JUN90

G44. Discuss the different type ofcoolers:

a) sinuflow flow

b) cross flow

c) straight flow

d) reversing flow

Sketch and describe how constant salt??water temperature is maintained in asystem.

REF:MAY90

G45. Discuss recent developments in theprotection of the hull from the effects ofcorrosion. Discuss the advantages anddisadvantages of various types of hullcleaning procedures indicating yourposition with respect to the merits ordemerits of cleaning the hull while thevessel is afloat.

G46. Discuss the merits and demerits ofemploying either a soluble oil or achromate solution as a corrosion inhibitorin the cooling system of a diesel engine.

ANS:Henchall/193

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G47. Describe any method of boiler feedtreatment you are familiar with. Whatchemicals are used, and how is scaleprevented?

REF:MAR87

G48. Describe how you would test boilerwater for:

a) alkalinity

b) chlorides.

State the values obtained from the teststhat would be considered suitable for a

water tube boiler. If the test results wereunsatisfactory, what remedial actionwould you take?

REF:NSE9

G49. Give composition of boiler scale. Ifyou had to use seawater in the boiler,explain what steps would be required tomaintain a reasonable level of impurities.What level of impurities would you try tomaintain?

REF:JAN90

G50. What is caustic embrittlement?

G51. What is a salinomitor?

G52. Sketch and describe a thermo-couple pyrometer. Where arethermocouple pyrometers fitted onsteam and motor ships?

REF:NSB2

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G53. Describe, with the aid of a sketch,a device used to measure the depth of oilin a tank. The instrument in the questionmay be used without opening the tank.Does the specific gravity of the oil haveany effect on the reading of this gauge.

REF:NSF6

REF:NSI3

G54. What gas would be found in thefollowing compartments and how couldtheir effects be minimized?

a) battery room

b) refrigeration chamber

c) empty ballast tank

d) paint store room

e) fuel tank

G55. State what is the purpose of eachof the following items in a machinerycontrol system:

a) portable mercury manometer

b) portable inclined-tube manometer

c) portable temperature potentiometer

d) compressor and vacuum pump

Describe in detail any two of these items.

REF:JUL88

G56. Using a cathode ray oscilloscopefor obtaining indicator diagrams frommain engines describe and state the

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manner in which it may be used toillustrate certain important features, suchas combustion process etc.

G57. Describe 2 different types ofpressure gauges that work by an elasticsystem. Give an example of what each isused for. Explain how one of these iscalibrated.

REF:MAY88 REF:NOV88

REF:NOV89 REF:JAN90

G58. Sketch and describe:

a) a dynamometer

b) a torsionmeter

REF:JUL88 REF:FEB91

G59. Describe a torsion meter and showhow it is used to find shaft horse power.

REF:NSC7

G60. Describe a dynamometer as usedto find brake horse power of an engine.After determining the B.H.P. how wouldyou find the mechanical efficiency?

REF:NSD2

REF:NSF7 REF:JUL88

G61. Regarding remote control sensingdevices of either electrical or pneumatictype, name two advantages and twodisadvantages of each. Which devicewould be used for:

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steering. State how failure is inhibited inthe design, operation and maintenanceof steering gear systems. Describe howa vessel may make port upon irreparablefailure of the steering telemotor.

REF:JAN90 REF:MAR92

G66. Describe how you would remove airfrom a telemotor system. What are thedangers of air in a telemotor system?

REF:NSB5

G67. Explain how the following steeringgear faults are corrected:

a) pronounced sluggishness

b) excessive hunting

c) persistent overloading of pump motor

d) purge system of air

REF:FEB89 REF:FEB91

G68. How is the vertical movementrestricted on a rudder and how is itaccommodated in the steering gear?How is the weight of the ruddertransferred to the ship?

REF:JUN90

G69. Sketch and describe an electro-hydraulic steering geas as fitted on boardship and indicate emergency steeringmethods. How is the weight of ruddersupported?

REF:NSD3

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G70. Fully describe a steering gear youare familiar with. How are shock loadsprevented? Explain hunting gear.

REF:MAR86

G71. Describe fully any type of hydraulicsteering gear with which you are familiar.Explain its operation and how it'smovements are controlled from thebridge.

REF:NSF4

G72. What provision is made to avoiddamage to steering engines when theyaare situated adjacent to the rudderstock? Describe a steering systemshowing how it is controlled from thebridge. What is the hunting gear?Describe its action.

REF:NDE3

G73. With reference to firefighting inmachinery spaces compare theadvantages and disadvantages of:

a) high expansion foam

b) high pressure water spray

REF:JAN90 REF:MAY91

G74. In respect to firefighting why is

a) dry chemical powder preferable tosand

b) mechanical foam preferable tochemical foam

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c) Halon 1301 preferable to CO2

d) light water foam (A.F.F.F.) preferabelto high expansion foam

REF:JUN90 REF:MAR92

G75. What preventative measuresshould be taken against the out-break offire in an oil burning vessel? How wouldyou proceed to subdue such an oil fire?Describe with the aid of a sketch, a foamtype portable fire extinguisher.

REF:NSF8

G76. Make a detailed list of all fire-fighting equipment on the last ship inwhich you sailed. Sketch the layout ofengine room and boiler room, placing theequipment in their respective positions.

REF:NSJ3

G77. What is meant by the term"permeability" in relation to fireprevention?

G78. State why a CO2 fixed firesmothering system requires periodicalinspection and service. Define theadvantages and disadvantages of thissystem over other fixed systems.

REF:FEB80

G79. What is done to prevent explosionsin:

a) air starting lines

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b) air compressors

c) engine crankcases

REF:JAN87

G80. Explain the advantages anddisadvantages of an inert gas smotheringsystem from flue gasses compared to aninert-gas generator. Explain why an inertgas generator is more advantageous.Why is it unsuitable for use in machineryspaces?

REF:NOV88 REF:OCT89

G81. With reference to safety ofpersonnel describe the correct method ofdealing with the following:

a) entering a cargo pumping room whenpumping crude petroleum

b) overhauling a pump that has beenused for pumping hazardous chemicals.

c) entering a hold that has carried citrusfruit.

REF:JAN90 REF:APR91

G82. Sketch and describe an inert gassystem using exhaust gas from mainuptake:

a) scrubber and its process

b) safety devices

REF:DEC88

G83. Sketch and describe an inert gassystem from boiler uptakes. Explain why

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this system cannot be used forfirefighting.

REF:NOV89

G84. Describe with sketches a fixed firesmothering installation incorporating'bulk storage' of carbon dioxide. Makespecial reference to the following points:

a) calculation of the quantity of carbondioxide to be stored

b) protection against leakage of the mainstop valve

c) alarm system for warning personnel ofrelease

d) maintenance of correct pressure andliquid level in storage tank

G85 More questions like these can befound on Martin's Marine EngineeringPage, click to www.dieselduck.net.

G85. Compare the relative merits ofinfra red, ultra violet and combustion gas(ionization) type fire detectors for use inmachinery spaces. Explain why acombination of these types is moredesirable than any one type individually.

G86. What are the probable causes of

fire breaking out in the engine room of aship using oil fuel? What precautions aretaken to avoid this? Describe a systemof detecting fire aboard ship and themethod of preventing fire breaking out?Discuss firefighting methods aboard ship.

REF:NSE5 REF:NSG8

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G87. What equipment is fitted on an oilburning vessel? How is it used to fight abilge fire in the engine room.

G88. A ship has been grounded anddamaged severely under the engineroom. After completion of repairs, whatsteps would you take to ensure that themachinery is in a condition ready to beoperated.

REF:JAN87 REF:NSC8

G89. Describe an automatic sprinklerand alarm system which is effective forprotection against fire in all parts of apassenger ship. The system is to be ofthe "dry pipe" type. Explain the operationand how it is reset.

REF:NSI1

G90. Sketch and describe an automaticsprinkler system as fitted on board shipand indicate in what locations sprinklerheads are fitted.

REF:NSD1

G91. Describe a combined smokedetecting and CO2 fire extinguishing

system.

G92. Describe a CO2 fire extinguishingsystem. How is it operated? Whatprecautions whould be taken beforeusing? What must be done to make itfully effective? What is permeability with

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the initiation and propogation of fires inthe cavenge system of a diesel engineand the method of operation required tomitigate such an occurrence.

G98. Re: fire detection state thedifferences between cargo spaces andmachine spaces. What types of devicesare used and why. How are thesedevices tested. Where are the deviceslocated?

REF:JUN90 REF:APR91

G99. A rating is killed in the engineroom. Write a letter to your head officeas to how this happened, andprecautions against reoccurrence.

REF:MAY90 REF:MAR91

G100. The vessel of which you are ChiefEngineer suffers a grounding. Write a

report to the Superintendent of thecompany about the surveys andinspections subsequently carried outwhen the vessel was dry-docked in aforeign port.

REF:MAR91 REF:NSE8

G101. You are the chief engineer of avessel that has suffered a minor fire in

the engine room that burned off thewiring to essential pumps temporaryrepairs were made to get vesselunderway. Write a letter to the companyhead office describing the incident andwhat arangements have been made toeffect a permanent repair at the nextport of call.

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REF:APR91

G102. You have been chief engineer ona new ship for 1 year with fully automatic

U.M.S. operation. You were previouslychief engineer on the sister ship withmanual operation. Write a letter to headoffice and discuss the advantages anddisadvantages. Highlight any instancesin which automatic was superior tomanual operation.

REF:FEB90 REF:JUL90

REF:FEB91

G103. Although your vessel is engagedupon a regular trade the specific fuelconsumption has notable increasedwhilst the average speed hascorrespondingly decreased in comparisonto previous voyages. As chief engineerreport to head office your investigationsfindings and measures to correct thistendency.

REF:JUN90 REF:MAY91

G104. Your ship shows much more fuelconsumption than her sister ship. Writea letter to your manager explaining thereasons.

REF:NOV89

G105. It has been found necessary tocompletely replenish all of the oil in thelubricating system of a large motorship.(or steam turbine ship). As chiefengineer write a detailed report to theSuperintendent Engineer justifying this

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maintenance measures are carried out?Describe how you would start a lifeboatengine.

REF:NSG9

G111. Describe the following metalproperties:

a) ductility

b) brittleness

c) malleability

d) elasticity

e) plasticity

f) hardness

g) strength

h) toughness

G112. Define the following terms

a) stress corrosion

b) corrosion fatigue

c) crevice corrosion

d) creep

e) upper critical point

f) lower critical point

G113. Describe in detail each of thefollowing processes and give an examplewhere each is likely to occur in marineengineering:

a) corrosion fatigue

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G120. Explain the process of annealing,tempering and case hardening. Give twoexamples of each on an engine.

REF:MAY90

G121. With reference to steel, what ismeant by the following terms:

a) annealing

b) tempering

c) case hardening

Describe how these processes are carried

out.

REF:NSF9

G122. Discuss tempering and annealing.How would you anneal:

a) stern frame

b) old copper pipe

What is the difference between case-hardening and tempering

REF:DEC89 REF:NSG2

G123. State the chemical composition ofthe following metals and give theirphysical properties:

a) babbit's metal

b) stainless iron

c) stainless steel

d) monel metal

State a use for each of these metals inmarine practice.

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G124. Give the average composition ofwhite metal. What is its melting point?What are the advantages of using it?What pressure will it stand and at whatpressure will it give?

REF:NSC6

G125. State physical properties of thefollowing and give example where theymay be used:

a) muntz metal

b) phosphor bronze

c) aluminium bronze

d) cupro nickel

G126. What are the metallurgicalcompositions and mechanical propertiesfor:

a) nodulous cast iron

b) high tensile steel

c) titanium

Why does a ship yard use these?

REF:MAY88

G127. State the approximate proportion

of carbon contained in cast iron and caststeel. Mention the forms in which thecarbon may occur therein. Compare thephysical properties of these two metalsand name some of the more importantparts of machinery for which cast steel isused.

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G128. Name 3 methods of making steeland describe one fully.

G129. Define teh following types of non-destructive methods of testing:

a) radiographic

b) ultrasonic

c) magnetic particle

d) dye penetrant

Give their advantages and disadvantagesREF:FEB80 REF:MAR92

G130. Describe the open hearth processof manufacturing mild steel. What is thedifference between acid and basic mildsteel? Compare mild steel with cast ironand state in an engine where each isused. Why is open hearth steel preferred

to bessimer steel?

REF:OCT87 REF:OCT89

REF:NOV89 REF:MAR86

REF:NSD7

G131. Enumerate the factors that shouldbe considered when choosing between asand-casting process and a die-castingprocess. Describe with aid of a sketchthe sand-casting process showing thepattern in the flask and the names of theparts.

REF:NSA2

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G132. Give the physical make up andproperties of metals for the following:

a) cylinder liner of a diesel engine

b) exhaust valve

c) crankshaft

e) boiler tube plate

REF:JUN90 REF:NSH9

G133. Compare the advantages offorged and built-up crankshafts withspecial reference to the magnitude of the

stresses in the cranks. How would youcheck the deflections by means of a dialgauge through one revolution of theshaft? How are the readings obtainedinterpreted? How is weardownmeasured?

REF:NSE6

G134. You are appointed Chief Engineer

of a 20 year old ship and are required tocarry out an extensive survey of tehmain propelling machinery. State whatdefects you would expect to find andwhat corrective measures you wouldtake.

REF:NSB1

G135. Define the responsibilities of a

chief engineer:

a) immediatly prior to dry-docking

b) whilst the dock is dry

c) immediately prior to and after flooding

d) leaving the dock

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Draft a list of standing orders to theengine department for

that period that the vessel is on theblocks.

REF:FEB80 REF:NSJ2

G136. How would you know if there werecracks in cylinder heads or liners. Whatwould you do?

REF:JAN87

G137. A several year old steel ship hasbeen laid up for some time and is goinginto drydock for inspection of the doublebottom tank. state the precautions youwould take. What would you expect tofind?

REF:APR91

G138. Any proposal to operate a

machinery space in the periodicallyunattended condition must be taken intoaccount the danger of fire, flooding andfailure of supervisory equipment.Describe how possibility of the latter twohazards may be minimized, detected andbrought to the attention of thedesignated watch keeper.

REF:JUN90

G139. Give a reasoned statement as towhy pre-heating of a lubricating oil isvery advantageous with respect to acentrifugal purifier. Explain why anextreme pressure oil and similarlubricants can only be purified in aclarifier.

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REF:NOV88 REF:DEC88

G140. Give reasoned concerns youwould have when the clutch slips on a

lube oil purifier other than the problem ofoverheating.

REF:APR91

G141. Compare the advantages anddisadvantages of dynamic separationand static separation disregarding time.Why is a centrifugal separator notsuitable for a bilge and ballast system?What governs and limits the dischargeoverboard?

REF:OCT89 REF:NOV89

G142. Describe a bilge system suitablefor a ship with cellular double bottoms.By means of a simple sketch, show thepositions of pumps, manifolds, suctions,

etc.REF:NSB7

G143. Describe in detail a manifold andvalves for a bilge suction system. Namethe materials used and explain how apipe is led through a watertightbulkhead.

REF:NSI9

G144. Describe a bilge pumping systemfor a cellular double-bottom ship. Withthe aid of a line diagram, show all suctionmanifolds and compartments.

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REF:NSC5

G145. Describe an arrangement forfilling and discharging ballast and double

bottom tanks. What types of valves areused and why? Sketch a typical system.State the size of piping and pumpcapacity. Name the materials used.

REF:NSG6

G146. Discuss the advantages ofdynamic separation of oil over staticseparation other than time. What partdoes the cylinder rotor with cone shapeddiscs play in the separation

process?

REF:OCT88 REF:DEC88

REF:MAR92

G147. With regards to lube oil purifier,

explain why a large number of conicaldiscs are fitted in the purifier.

REF:NOV89

G148. Discuss with reasons the onestatement that is not correct regardingoily water separators.

a) test cocks are situated to locate the

oil-water interface

b) separational rate is inconsequential

c) overboard discharge is inconsequential

d) rise in temperature assist in theseparation process

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G153. Define viscosity and flashpoint.State suitable numbers for lube oil.

REF:JAN87

G154. What would be the effects ofwater contamination of fuel oil andlubricating oil? Describe a test fordetecting the presence of water in oil.Discuss methods of separating waterfrom oil.

REF:86;87;88 REF:NSJ5

G155. What impurities are found inlubricating and fuel oils. What effects dothese impurities have on a diesel engine?

REF:JUN83

G156. With reference to crankcaselubricating oil discuss the following:

a) acidity

b) dilution by fuel oil

c) water leakage

Describe tests that could be made todetect the foregoing contamination

G157. State why the temperature oflubricating oil supplied to an engineneeds close control. Sketch and describean arrangement and explain the principleof operation of instrumentation andcontrol equipment for automaticallymaintaining the temperature oflubricating oil supplied to an engine at its

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desired value.

G158. Describe a refinery process for:

a) lubricating oil

b) diesel oil

c) fuel oil

REF:DEC88

G159. Describe the processes by which:

a) gasoline

b) diesel

c) boiler fuel

d) lubricating oils

are obtained from the crude product inan oil refinery

REF:NSH2

G160. Describe the manufacture of:

a) lube oil

b) fuel oil

c) heavy oil

What are the various tests made to asample of fuel oil? Why are they made?

REF:NSD4

G161. What is air? What is combustion?Is it chemical or mechanical? What partdoes it play in combustion?

REF:NSI4

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G162. Describe a submersible pump fora passenger ship. State the materialsused and its capacity.

REF:JAN87

G163. Describe a submersible pump.What connections are fitted to one andhow is is controlled?

REF:NSD5

G164. Describe in detail an independentfeed pump. Explain how the valve gearworks and how it is adjusted.

REF:NSF3

G165. Sketch and describe a steamoperated duplex pump.

REF:NSH6

G166. Make a three point comparison ofthe characteristics of centrifugal pumpswith those of positive displacementrotary pumps. Suggest with reasons thetype of pump most suited in each of thefollowing instances:

a) main lubricating oil circulation

b) domestic fresh water supply

c) steering gear or stabilizer actuation

G167. Sketch and describe a rotary typevariable oil delivery pump as used in anelectro-hydraulic steering gear. Describe

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the pumping action. What would happenif it ran for a long period of time withoutany pumping action taking place?

REF:NSC1

G168. Sketch and describe a pump otherthan of the reciprocating centrifugal orgear type. Suggest one shipboardapplication for which it might be bestsuited.

G169. Explain why a simple centrifugaltype pump is unsuitable for bilgepumping duties. Sketch and describehow a centrifugal pump can be renderedsuitable for such duties.

G170. Give a simple explanation of thenature and effect of cavitation inrotodynamic pumps. Describe withsketches a supercavitating pump. Statethe purpose of such a pump and give an

instance of current shipboard application.

REF:AUG87

G171. Explain why the performance of acentrifugal sea water circulating pump'falls off' in service. State two ways inwhich this 'fall off' is indicated. Describehow the pump may be restored to itsoriginal performance.

REF:FEB91 REF:MAY91

G172. State how a keyless propeller ismounted and removed. Give 2advantages of this type over a keyedpropeller.

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REF:JAN90 REF:MAY90

G173. How is a spare blade fitted to thehub of a built-up propeller? How is the

blade adjusted?

REF:NSJ5

G174. Sketch and describe a pilgrim nutfor securing a propeller to the screwshaft. Describe how this device is usedto loosen the propeller on the shaft whenremoval or inspection becomesnecessary. Give four (4) reasons whythis method is considered to be superiorto all other methods.

REF:NSA6

G175. Describe the procedure forremoval of a propeller shaft. Describe aninspection of the propeller shaft. Giveseveral reasons for the increased

frequency between withdrawls oftailshafts for inspection purposes.

REFMAR92

G176. Describe how you would withdrawa propeller shaft and state whatexamination of the shaft and stern tubeyou would make, describing any defectsyou might expect to find. If the shaft was

found to be grooved near the after end,show how you would determine thereduced horse power at which it wouldbe safe to run the engine.

REF:NSF2

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REF:OCT89 REF:NOV89

REF:NSB3

G183. Make a single line sketch anddescribe a simple control system for aC.P. propeller . Describe the "fail safe"device.

REF:OCT88 REF:NOV89

G184. You are in a foreign port withoutdocking facilities. Your propeller isdamaged beyond repair. Describe how

you change propeller (vessel havingmain machinery amidships)

REF:FEB91 REF:NSH8

G185. With reference to mainrefrigeration plant give a reason for eachof the following operational irregularitiesand state how it is dealt with:

a) rapid loss of crankcase lubricating oilin a "vee" block machine

b) gradual "fall off" in the refrigerationeffect over a comparative short period oftime

c) icing up at compressor suction

REF:NOV88

G186. With reference to freonrefrigeration plants describe how:

a) "vee" block compressors arelubricated

b) overpressure on the discharge side isprevented

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c) refrigeration circuit is cleaned whencontaminated with oil.

REF:MAR86 REF:APR91

G187. Describe a CO2 system ofrefrigeration stating the temperaturesand pressures in the various parts of thesystem and the materials used for pipes,valves, and gauges. State

the advantages of this system over theAmmonia Refrigeration system.

REF:JAN87 REF:NSF5

G188. Why is ammonia a goodrefrigerant? Describe the operations ofan ammonia system. What produces thelow temperature in cold rooms? How isoil and air removed from the system?Give disadvantages of ammonia.

REF:NSG1

G189. Sketch and describe:

a) a refrigeration compressor crankshaftgland seal

b) a pressure switch for a refrigeratorcircuit

c) regulator for a refrigerator unit

G190. Describe with a sketch howpiston rod glands are fitted on anammonia or CO2 refrigerating machine.What prevents the refrigerant fromleaking by?

REF:NSI5

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Act

b) documentation involved

REF:NOV89 REF:MAY90

G201. Describe an arrangement of cocksand valves to prevent a deep tank frombeing inadvertantly filled with waterwhen used for cargo or vice-versa. Whatare the disadvantages of having thesetanks only partially filled when in ballast?

REF:MAY88 REF:NSE2

G202. A ship is engaged in filling thedouble bottom and deep tanks with fuelexplain and describe:

a) dangers implicit in the operation

b) precautions that must be observed

c) legal requirements that must beadhered to.

REF:FEB91 REF:NSA8

G203. What gases are present in oiltanks after pumping out? How would youremove these gases and what are thedangers of these gases?

REF:NSB6

G204. What gases are found in an oiltank after pumping out? How would yourid the tank of these gases and make itsafe to enter? What precautions aretaken near oil tanks and what couldresult from the presence of gases inempty tanks?

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REF:NSD6

G205. Why and where are vents fitted tooil tanks? Why is it necessary to fit a

gauze to the end of these vents. Statethe gauze material and indicate how theyare secured.

REF:NSI2

G206. The Great Lakes Sewage PollutionPrevention Regulations expressly forbidsthe contamination of these waters by rawsewage from ships. Using sketchesdescribe 2 entirely different methodsavailable for dealing with raw sewage soas to comply with the intent of thisregulation.

REF:NSA1

G207. On a diesel engine crankshaft,explain what torsional vibration and

critical speed means. What are thedangers of running at a critical speed.How can these be reduced or eliminated.

REF:DEC90

G208. Discuss what would be the bestway repairs would be made by way ofbuilding up by weld, cropping orinstalling new plate for the following:

a) puncture in a hollow rudder

b) part of the bilge keel torn away fromthe hull

c) a puncture of a large area of platebulkhead near the bow under the hawsepipe.

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REF:DEC89

G209. State if you would repair bycropping, building up or renewing on the

following:

a) deck stringer with localized pitting

b) plating below scupper above waterline

c) plating at waterline

REF:DEC88 REF:MAY90

G210 More questions like these can befound on Martin's Marine EngineeringPage, click to www.dieselduck.net.

G210. Describe the electric-weldingprocess. State how the materials areprepared for this process. Describe thetests that are carried out to the weld of amaterial of an important nature.

REF:NOV88 REF:APR91

G211. Explain welding techniques.Where is this technique used on hull,boiler and machinery repairs. Whatprecautions would be taken.

REF:JAN87 REF:MAY91

G212. Describe a method of electricwelding suitable for use on board ship.Name the parts which can be welded.

REF:NSC3

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G213. Sketch and describe a waste heatboiler with oil burning capicities. Whatmountings are required. What are theadvantages of this type of boiler. Sketchan outline of boiler showing path of

exhaust gas.

REF:JUL88 REF:DEC88

G214. Sketch and describe a high liftsafety valve. State the materials it ismade of. What is the advantage of thistype of valve.

REF:JAN87 REF:JUN88

REF:JUN91

G215. Explain the causes and effectsand how they could be remedied for thefollowing conditions in a small auxiliaryboiler:

a) insufficient air

b) excess air

c) water in the fuel

d) too low a fuel temperature

REF:MAR83

G216. Describe with the aid of a sketchthe operation of a CO2 recorder. Explainwith reference to combustion, how to

interpret the reading. What is the causeof:

a) black smoke

b) yellow smoke from a boiler plant.

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G217. Sketch and describe a flash typedistillation plant. Describe theprecautions taken to ensure the water isfit for drinking purposes.

REF:97

G218. Explain why the fuel supply to theburners of a periodically unattendedauxiliary boiler automatically cut-off inthe alarm condition for low and a highwater level, high steam pressure, airfailure and flame failure. Describe howand when you could safely test thesedevices.

REF:MAR87

G219. Describe a reverse system for aset of H.F.O. engines (slow speed).Sketch cams.

REF:JUN88 REF:MAR87

G220. Explain the reversing effect of:

a) steam reciprocating engines

b) steam turbines

c) gas turbines

d) direct diesels

e) reduction-geared diesels

f) turbo-electrics

g) diesel-electrics

h) controllable-pitch propellers

REF:NSJ4

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G221. If marks resembling flaws werenoticed in a shaft of a crank pin, whattests wyould you prefer to see if it issuitable for use? What would cause theflaws?

REF:MAR87

G222. Compare steam triple expansionto diesel engine. State thermaleffeciency of each

REF:MAR87

G223. Draw cards - 4 stroke diesel why?and light spring. State temperatures andpressures.

REF:MAR87

G224. Lubricating - through a waterspace. Position in relation to rings wheninjection occurs. How is the gas pressureprevented from entering oil lines.

REF:MAR87

G225. Sketch and describe a diesel-electric propulsion system. Mentionadvantages and disadvantages.

REF:JUN88

G226. Draw an indicator diagram anddescribe it. Why are drawcards takenand sketch one

REF:JUN88

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G227. Sketch and describe a rotary airpump.

REF:JUL88 REF:JUN88

G228. Sketch and describe a lub oilsystem for a large diesel engine.

REF:JUN88

G229. Describe a 2 and 4 stroke dieselprocess and from what engine is thevalve timing?

REF:JUL88

G230. Should you find a flaw on a dieselengine crankshaft when inspecting it,explain the tests done to determine theseriousness of the flaw. Give reasonshow flaws can occur.

REF:JUL88 REF:DEC90

G231. Sketch and describe a 4 strokeindicator card and diagram. Mention thepressures and temperatures.

REF:JUL88

G232. Firing order in 6 cylinder 2 strokeand 4 stroke.

REF:JAN87

G233. Why are fuel pump near injectors.If lines are unequal how do you balance?

REF:JAN87

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G234. Sketch and describe a flywheelthat would be fitted to a large marinediesel engine. Show in the sketches howit is fitted and secured. What is thepurpose of the flywheel? Recently someengine makers have considerablyreduced the size of the flywheel. Explainhow this can be done.

REF:DEC88

G235. Describe a system of super orpressure-charging used by a four=stroke

marine diesel engine exhaust gas turbo.What is meant by 'overlap' as applied tothis type of system.

Why is 'overlap' necessary?

REF:DEC88

G236. Some piston rings are made withan eccentric shape, where the radial

thickness is greatest diametricallyopposite the gap. Describe themanufacturing process of these'eccentric' piston rings. What advantagedo these rings have over other types ofpiston rings?

REF:DEC88

G237. How are the cylinder lubricators

fitted in a large marine diesel engine thathas a water jacket. How is thermalexpansion allowed for. Where is thelocation of the lubricator outlet in relationto the piston rings on the piston. Why isthis position necessary?

REF:DEC88

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G238. Sketch and describe a fuel pumpof the Bosch (jerk) type. What are thevarious components made of and howdoes the helical plunger control theamount of fuel injected? How is this fuelpump driven?

REF:JUN88 REF:DEC88

REF:DEC90

G239. Describe an air starting systemfor a large diesel engine that ispneumatically operated. Why is thereoverlap on the cams? How much overlapis required?

REF:DEC88

G240. Describe the principles andoperation of a 2- stroke and a 4-strokemarine diesel engine. Illustrate theoperation of both engines with timing

diagrams giving the expected angles.State the make of the engines in bothcases.

REF:DEC88

G241. Discuss advantages anddisadvantages of using the following ascooling media:

a) fresh waterb) seawater

c) oil

State the effects should these reach ahigh temperature.

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boiler.

REF:NSJ1

G247. Give a reasoned statement as towhy pre-heating of a lube oil isadvantagous with respect to a centrifugalpurifier. Explain why an extremepressure or other similar oils are onlycleaned in a clarifier. Give reasons andconcerns you would have when theclutch slips on an oil purifier other thancreating heat.

REF:APR91

G248. With regard to instrumentationand control what is meant by the terms:

a) set point

b) fail safe

c) fail set

d) split range

REF:APR91

G249. What causes water-hammer in asteam pipe? How can it be prevented?

REF:NSJ9

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