calm and its noise research strategy plan · funded by dg research calm ii about calm calm ii -...

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Research and Strategies

for Less Noise in Europe

ConferenceBrussels

1st - 2nd Oct. 2007

CALM and its Noise Research

Strategy Plan

Alfred Rust

AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria

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� About CALM

� CALM Strategy Plan on Future Noise Research

� Conclusions

Contents

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� Coordination Action in FP6funded by DG Research

� CALM II

About CALM

CALM II - Overview (1/2)

� Based on FP5 Thematic NetworkCALM (I) - Community NoiseResearch Strategy Plan

- lasting: 1st Oct. 2001 - 31st Oct. 2004

- resulting in: Strategy Paper 2004Research for a

Quieter Europe in 2020

� Time of CALM II: 1st Nov. 2004 - 31st Oct. 2007

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� Overall Objectives

Project Data Baseon CALM Website:

www.calm-network.com

� Encouragement & coordination of European transport noise research

(→→→→ intensive networking + sectoral integration)

� EU-wide dissemination and exploitation of results

(→→→→ meetings, papers, presentations, brochures, newsletters ...)

� Updating of the CALM Noise Research Strategy Plan (with

involvement of all stakeholders) and CALM Project Data Base

Strategy Paper Update Feb. 2007(available only electronically on CALMwebsite)

Next printed update available onCALM II Conference, Brussels, 1-2 Oct. 2007

About CALM

CALM II - Overview (2/2)

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� In the past, only little improvement in EU noise exposure levels

despite:

� increasingly stringent legislation on noise sources

� considerable effort and progress in noise control by industry

� Therefore, in 1996, EU Green Paper on Future Noise Policy ��

�� start of extended “knowledge-based” approach by EU ��

�� Environmental Noise Directive in 2002

� Needs for further research in environmental noise

�� CALM Noise Research Strategy Plan

(initiated & funded by DG Research)

� CALM visionary goal for development of noise research targets

until 2020:

“avoid harmful effects of noise exposure from all sources and

preserve quiet areas”

Future Noise Research

Environmental Noise in Europe

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� Reception-Related Targets (proposed by Expert Groups)

as Reference for Future Research

Target Class Lday (dBA) Lnight (dBA) Expert Group

Minimum Target 65 55UBA(German Federal Environmental Agency)

Medium Target 55 45 WHO

Optimum Target 50 40 Dutch Ministry VROM, UBA

Cost-Benefit Analysis �� use of optimum targets �� promoting vehicle noise

control at sources

(i.e. “global measures”)


Research Reference Targets

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CALM I Network

CALMStrategy Paper

Oct. 2004

CALM II Network

CALMWorkshops with

Stakeholders

ETPs

European Technology Platforms

(ACARE, ERRAC,ERTRAC, …)

CALM Strategy Paper UpdateFeb. 2007 / Sep. 2007

(mainly about noise from air, rail and road transport and

from outdoor equipment)


Development of Strategy Plan

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Perception-RelatedResearch

CALM Strategy Paper Update

Feb. 2007 / Sep. 2007

Emission-Related Research

Road Traffic Noise

Railway Noise

Air Traffic Noise

Noise from

Outdoor Equipment


Research Areas of Strategy Plan

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Perception-Related Research

• Advanced computation and measure-

ment methods for more accurate

assessment of noise exposure

• Definition and identification of urban

and rural quiet areas

• Improvements in dose-effect

relationships for Lden and Lnight

• Additional noise indicators considering

specific effects

• Advanced methods of cost-benefit

assessment

• Combined effects between air pollution

and noise

• Improvement and extension of noise

valuation method

• Improved or new socio-economic

instruments to promote efficient noise

abatement

Emission-Related Research

� Noise from Outdoor Equipment

• Identification of most suitable noise-relevant parameters

• Correlation between noise emission, performance parameters and real operation nuisance

• Improved regulation related to noise emission

• Effect of single and combined noise sources on noise perception

• In-use compliance

� Road Traffic Noise

• … (�� next slides)

� Railway Noise


� Air Traffic Noise



Main Research Needs

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Quiet RoadSurfaces

Low-Noise

Tyres

Vehicle

Driving

Behaviour

Traffic (Flow)

Management

Year 2000 2005

2015

2010

2020

Alternative powertrains (esp. for urban services)

Sophisticated models & network systems

Cleaning & maintenance techniques

Noise Reduction Potential of Technologies:

< 5 dBA ≥≥≥≥ 5 dBAResearch & Dev. Research & Dev.

Implementation Implementation

Low idle and acceleration noise (trucks and buses)

Low-noise light-weight structures (powertrain and vehicle)

Quiet structures for engine / gearbox (high damping, …)

Advanced control of orifice noise (exhaust, intake)

Thermal management for more efficient encapsulation / shielding

Electronic support by intelligent transmission, engine management, ...

Efficient training programmes for quieter driving styles (esp. for PTWs)

Design, material, production technologies (esp. quiet dense surfaces for urban areas)

New concepts (geometry, design, materials) specifically for PC & LDV, for HDV

Optimisation of tyre / road surface combination

Research Targets:(ERTRAC)

up to 10 dB Reduction of Noise Emission in Real Traffic Situation

Quiet RoadSurfaces

Low-Noise

Tyres

Vehicle

Driving

Behaviour

Traffic (Flow)

Management

Year 2000 2005

2015

2010

2020

Alternative powertrains (esp. for urban services)

Sophisticated models & network systems

Cleaning & maintenance techniquesCleaning & maintenance techniques







Low idle and acceleration noise (trucks and buses)

Low-noise light-weight structures (powertrain and vehicle)

Quiet structures for engine / gearbox (high damping, …)

Advanced control of orifice noise (exhaust, intake)

Thermal management for more efficient encapsulation / shielding

Electronic support by intelligent transmission, engine management, ...

Efficient training programmes for quieter driving styles (esp. for PTWs)

Design, material, production technologies (esp. quiet dense surfaces for urban areas)

New concepts (geometry, design, materials) specifically for PC & LDV, for HDVNew concepts (geometry, design, materials) specifically for PC & LDV, for HDV

Optimisation of tyre / road surface combinationOptimisation of tyre / road surface combination

Research Targets:(ERTRAC)

up to 10 dB Reduction of Noise Emission in Real Traffic SituationResearch Targets:(ERTRAC)

up to 10 dB Reduction of Noise Emission in Real Traffic Situationmost

important

Road Traffic Noise:

Targets and Research Road Map

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Traction

Equipm. Noise

Aero-dynamic

Noise

Year 2000 2005

2015

2010

2020Homologation

Phase of LL Blocks

Rolling

Noise

Low-noise pantograph (aerodynamic, contact noise)

Low-noise design (compatible to all other constraints)

Control of orifice noise (mufflers, active systems)

Low-noise auxiliaries (cooling fan)

Quiet diesel engines

Retrofitting of cast iron block brakes by LL blocks

Special rail grinding technologies („in service“ grinding, special techn. for urban traffic)


< 5 dBA ≥≥≥≥ 5 dBAResearch & Dev. Research & Dev.Implementation Implementation

Implementation of K blocks (but further research for less wear)

Quieter wheel and bogie design (new materials & shapes, higher damping, shrouded bogies)

Control of brake screech

Control of curve squeal (modelling/validation)

Quieter tracks (track & rail design, absorbers, embedded rails, shielding, low-noise bridges )

Brake Noise

Maintenance technologies (“smooth wheels on smooth tracks”)

Research Targets:(ERRAC)

69 – 72 dBA for Freight Trains →→→→ up to 20 dB Reduction

83 dBA for High Speed Trains →→→→ up to 8 dB Reduction

Traction

Equipm. Noise

Aero-dynamic

Noise

Year 2000 2005

2015

2010

2020Homologation

Phase of LL Blocks

Rolling

Noise

Low-noise pantograph (aerodynamic, contact noise)

Low-noise design (compatible to all other constraints)

Control of orifice noise (mufflers, active systems)

Low-noise auxiliaries (cooling fan)

Quiet diesel engines

Retrofitting of cast iron block brakes by LL blocks

Special rail grinding technologies („in service“ grinding, special techn. for urban traffic)



Implementation of K blocks (but further research for less wear)

Quieter wheel and bogie design (new materials & shapes, higher damping, shrouded bogies)

Control of brake screech

Control of curve squeal (modelling/validation)

Quieter tracks (track & rail design, absorbers, embedded rails, shielding, low-noise bridges )

Brake Noise

Maintenance technologies (“smooth wheels on smooth tracks”)

Traction

Equipm. Noise

Aero-dynamic

Noise

Year 2000 2005

2015

2010

2020Homologation

Phase of LL Blocks

Homologation

Phase of LL Blocks

Rolling

Noise

Low-noise pantograph (aerodynamic, contact noise)Low-noise pantograph (aerodynamic, contact noise)

Low-noise design (compatible to all other constraints)Low-noise design (compatible to all other constraints)

Control of orifice noise (mufflers, active systems)Control of orifice noise (mufflers, active systems)

Low-noise auxiliaries (cooling fan)Low-noise auxiliaries (cooling fan)

Quiet diesel enginesQuiet diesel engines

Retrofitting of cast iron block brakes by LL blocksRetrofitting of cast iron block brakes by LL blocks

Special rail grinding technologies („in service“ grinding, special techn. for urban traffic)Special rail grinding technologies („in service“ grinding, special techn. for urban traffic)





Implementation of K blocks (but further research for less wear)Implementation of K blocks (but further research for less wear)

Quieter wheel and bogie design (new materials & shapes, higher damping, shrouded bogies)Quieter wheel and bogie design (new materials & shapes, higher damping, shrouded bogies)

Control of brake screechControl of brake screech

Control of curve squeal (modelling/validation)Control of curve squeal (modelling/validation)

Quieter tracks (track & rail design, absorbers, embedded rails, shielding, low-noise bridges )Quieter tracks (track & rail design, absorbers, embedded rails, shielding, low-noise bridges )

Brake Noise

Maintenance technologies (“smooth wheels on smooth tracks”)Maintenance technologies (“smooth wheels on smooth tracks”)







most important

Railway Noise:


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- New VSTOL Concepts

- 2nd Generation NAPs

(new AC & ATM systems)

- Proven Management

Practices

10dB

Reduction

per Aircraft

Operation

65 LDEN

at AirportBoundaries &50% Vertiport

FootprintReduction

TheQuiet

Aircraft

TheRotorcraft

of the

Future

Noise

AbatementProcedures

CommunityImpact

Management

- Low Noise Aircraft

Architectures

- Low Noise Powerplant

Architectures

- Engine, Nacelle and

Airframe Integration

- Active / Adaptive Concepts

- High Speed Aircraft


Architectures


Architectures





- Significant Improvements

in AeroAcoustic Design

- Active Rotor

- Tilt Rotor Demonstrator



- Social Assessment of

Noise Impact Models

- Engine & Airframe Low

Noise Component

Design

- Nacelle Passive Noise

Reduction Systems

- Evolutionary Improvements


- Quiet Main Rotor

- Quiet Anti-Torque system

- Quiet Engine

- Quiet HC Integration

- 1st Generation NAPs

(current concepts)

- Pilot Aids

- Real Time Noise Footprint

Assessment & Numerical

AeroAcoustic Simulation

- Prospective Noise Impact

Studies

- Validated Airport Noise

Capacity Models & Tools(incl.

Modeling of Environmental.

Interdependencies)

GoalsSolutions Contributors

2020202020202020201520152015201520102010201020102005200520052005

- New VSTOL Concepts



- Proven Management

Practices

10dB

Reduction

per Aircraft

Operation

65 LDEN

at AirportBoundaries &50% Vertiport

FootprintReduction

TheQuiet

Aircraft

TheRotorcraft

of the

Future

Noise

AbatementProcedures

CommunityImpact

Management


Architectures


Architectures






Architectures


Architectures





- Significant Improvements


- Active Rotor

- Tilt Rotor Demonstrator



- Social Assessment of

Noise Impact Models

- Engine & Airframe Low

Noise Component

Design

- Nacelle Passive Noise

Reduction Systems

- Evolutionary Improvements


- Quiet Main Rotor

- Quiet Anti-Torque system

- Quiet Engine

- Quiet HC Integration

- 1st Generation NAPs

(current concepts)

- Pilot Aids

- Real Time Noise Footprint

Assessment & Numerical

AeroAcoustic Simulation

- Prospective Noise Impact

Studies

- Validated Airport Noise

Capacity Models & Tools(incl.

Modeling of Environmental.

Interdependencies)

GoalsSolutions Contributors

2020202020202020201520152015201520102010201020102005200520052005 2020202020202020201520152015201520102010201020102005200520052005

(ACARE 2007)

most

important

Air Traffic Noise:


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� Future significant reduction of environmental noise requires a

well-balanced portfolio of research in both perception-related

items and source-related topics

� Research in the field of noise perception shall contribute to

� further develop and transpose the Environmental Noise Directive

� improve the assessment of exposure to noise

� enhance the knowledge on health effects and socio-economic

aspects

� Source-related research has to focus on

� improving and adapting regulations closer to real world situations

� developing noise reduction technologies and abatement procedures

towards higher efficiency and cost-effectiveness

Conclusions

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Research and Strategies

for Less Noise in Europe

ConferenceBrussels

1st - 2nd Oct. 2007

CALM and Its Noise Research Strategy Plan

Alfred Rust

AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria

Thank youfor your attention !

calm and its noise research strategy plan · funded by dg research calm ii about calm calm ii -...

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