call of the millions 4 spring 2013
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Call of the Millionsall of the Millions
Farm Labour Under Pressure
"It's ironic that those who till the soil, cultivate and harvest the fruits, vegetables,
and other foods that fill your tables with abundance have nothing left for
themselves. "We draw our strength from the very despair in which we have been
forced to live. We shall endure."
Cesar Chavez
In This Issue:farm labour in the world economy p2;
corporate boycotts p5;
on international womens day p6;
millions in action p7;
solidarity interview p8;
international women p10;
the chocolatiers p11;
millions in action for Mexico p12;extras p13
Issue 4: Spring 2013
About Call of the Millions:The Call of the Millions is an online newsletter produced by
international solidarity activists in North East England, but
with a endless global reach.
The idea of a newsletter flowed naturally from our
involvement in the Playfair campaigns of 2008 and 2012, as
well as our experience working with campaigns such as War
on Want, Bananalink and Labour Behind the Label. We
believe in practical international solidarity and hope that
this newsletter can be one piece in the jigsaw.
Our aim is to draw the links between global struggles and
our own struggles as trade unionists and community
activists right here in the North East. We hope that this will
be a collective effort and welcome contributions,
comments and involvement from activists and researchers,
both in the region and internationally.
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farm labour under pressureAgricultural workers have never been
candidates for the labour aristocracy,
however you view the term. Dirt poor,
job-hopping, working in a chemical haze
and often without a trade union voice.
Like elsewhere, agriculture is dominatedby massive TNCs who organise crop
production on a global scale. And the rise
of modern mega retailers standing at the
head of vast supply chains, pushing costcutting
onto the growers and their
workers creates extra pressures.
Facing this, what can farmworkers and
their organisations do? Heres what
1 LATIN AMERICAN PLANTATIONS
The case of the fruit pickers of Central
America is one of the best known farm labour
stories in the UK. Major unions (like
the GMB) have worked with the NGO
Bananalink to publicise the situation and
develop trade union organising with the
affiliates of the regional agricultural
workers federation, Colsiba.
Progress has been hampered by thehostility of the multinationals towards
unions and the range of obstacles
deployed to frustrate their advance.
Some of these are sophisticated
mechanisms of co-optation, others rely
more on coercion and repression.
2012 has brought real advances. New
collective bargaining agreements were
signed with plantations supplying Chiquita,
Dole and Del Monte, in Nicaragua, Costa
Rica and Ecuador. In the Costa Rican case,this was achieved through strike action in
the Sixaola region. An epic legal campaign
against Doles use of pesticides was finally
settled to the benefit of 5,000 exworkers.
And Chiquita agreed to work with
Colsiba on gender discrimination in its
hiring and working practices.
In the arenas of national legislation and
policy, there are new rights for working
mothers and social security entitlements
in Ecuador. Labour law reform in Costa
Rica pushed forward the cause of
collective bargaining and denied legal
backing for its phony worker committees.
Of course there is still resistance to the
cause of labour rights blacklisting, unionbusting
and physical assaults are also partof the 2012 story. Overall union densities
across Latin American agriculture remain
low, around 10%, so theres still plenty to
do (see the Bananalink interview on p 7)
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farm labour in the US
The American fields have seen a long and
often brutal confrontation between waves
of migrant workers and growers
determined to crush labour struggles for
a better way of life.
California has been
at the centre of this conflict since the
early 20th century yet it was from here
that the strongest farm labour movement
so far, the United Farm Workers,
emerged in the 1960s and 70s, using
innovative strategies and a civil rights
style to win recognition, contracts and
real benefits for a predominantly migrant
Workforce.
The UFW no longer has the same power
today. But its core approach combining
grass-roots organising, consumer
boycotts, marches, and alliances with
community groups lives on in the work of
leading farm labour organisations whose
members face many problems. Their
working conditions are notoriously unsafe
(routine exposure to lethal chemicals);they struggle to gain suitable housing
(forced to sleep out in the fields, stuck in
poorly equipped labour camps, or in
unincorporated settlements that lack
basic amenities). All this compounds their
vulnerable status as guest workers or
undocumented migrants.
For the likes of FLOC (the Farm Labor
Organising Committee) and the CIW
(Coalition of Immolakee Workers) these
circumstances demand wide-ranging
campaigns, targeting growers and the
multinationals who buy their crops, to gain
recognition and basic workers rights.
CIW operates along similar lines in Florida.
It successfully campaigned against the fast
food outlets and food service providers
that control the price and wage structureof the tomato industry. Beginning with the
Taco Bell boycott in the early 2000s, the
coalition has drawn in support from an expanding
range of allies, and now heads a national
campaign for Fair Food. Corporations
and growers signing up to this have helped
CIW deliver real changes for its 5,000
members in wage rises, complaints resolution
mechanisms, and extra health and
safety. Impressive stuff from a one-timepoor and powerless migrant labour community.
FLOC used this approach to win recognition
for farm labour in the Midwest and North
Carolina, including migrant H2-A guest
workers. Now it is campaigning for tobacco
workers and calling on the likes of RJ
Reynolds to take responsibility for
conditions in its supply chains, and sign union
contracts with its workforce.
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the southern zone
:-
Next Issue: Farm Labour in Asia & Africa
In the southern hemisphere,things are a
bit different. Some countries are notorious
for their abuses of workers rights and
pathological hostility to trade unions the
infamous case being Colombia. But look
further south and there is a welcomechange.
Brazil, the largest country and massive
agricultural
producer, enjoys a healthy union
movement, with some astronomical
membership
figures. The agricultural workers
confederation, CONTAG, which includes
4,000 unions, is around 8 million strong!
Each year this massive body holds a
demonstration known as 'grito da terra'
(cry of the earth) to publicise the demands
of its members who are both
family farmers and waged workers.
In 2012 it also began a campaign specifically
for farm waged workers, with 4,000
demonstrators in March calling on the new
government to support a National Policy
for Rural Workers.
Their demands, which are nothing outrageous, include:
better access to housinga 40 hour maximum working weektackling informal employmentlegal changes to support union activitya crackdown on the use of pesticidesgreater access to land for rural workers.
CONTAG argue that there are ample profits made from
Brazilian agriculture, a fair portion of which should go to
their members rather than the bulging pockets of the agri-
corporations.
Fair enough.
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Consumer boycotts weapon or diversion?
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The tactic is familiar enough from the long struggle
against apartheid. Boycotts were a central feature
of the United Farm Workers campaigns in the
1960s. Elsewhere though, they are not always
favoured by supporters of workers rights. So what
are the pros and cons of consumer boycotts?
We asked two interested parties: Steve Grinter, ex
international garment workers federation (ITGLWF)
and Murray Worthy from War on Want;
COTM: Are boycotts a good idea?
SG: Campaigners are often divided over the
demands they make on the brands, especially on
whether or not to call for global boycotts.
Even a small campaigning organisation can mobilise
to bombard a brand with thousands of emails.
However launching a credible corporate boycott
requires a level of mobilisation and support on a
whole different scale. Realistically only a global
trade union has the capacity and relationship with
affiliates in both supplier and consumer countries
to contemplate leading a corporate boycott.
However only in the most extreme circumstances
such as mass coordinated dismissal and even
murder of trade union members, is it likely that
workers representatives would be likely to agree to
support a corporate boycott.
MW: Boycotting products is a tactic that
campaigners can use like many others. Whether or
not they are the right tactic to use at any time will
depend on the context theyre used in. Boycotting
can be an effective strategy, for example
against the actions of countries, rather than
companies. This why War on Want supports the
Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement
against Israels breaches of international law. The
strategy, led by a call from Palestinian civil society,aims to isolate and put pressure on the Israeli
state, including through boycotting companies
complicit in Israels illegal occupation of Palestine.
COTM:Do boycotts work in a global economy?
SG: Calling for consumers to boycott individual
brands or even imported goods from entire
countries is a high risk strategy. A successful
boycott would put at risk the jobs of workers
directly or indirectly employed in the supplychains involved. If the target were an entire
country, success of the campaign would entail
buyers placing their orders elsewhere where
conditions for workers may be even worse. Often
the spur to a campaign arises from exposure of
gross violations of worker rights by particular
suppliers. However the easiest and quickest
remedy for a brand is to cut and run rather than
to take effective measures to clean up their
supply chain.
MW: When campaigning for workers rights in
global supply chains, many organisations dont
support boycotts, as ultimately the problems that
lead to workers rights violations are structural
it is the rules of the game that need to be
changed, not just how each company acts.
COTM: Where do trade unions fit in?
SG: The key to achieving sustainable progress incampaigns for worker rights is to strengthen
rights to freedom of association. Neither CSR
programmes nor NGO-led consumer campaigns
to improve worker rights can succeed without
strong trade union engagement at every level.
This is why campaigners at national level need to
establish and consolidate relationships with trade
unions in their respective countries.
Trade unionists everywhere deplore the
antics of MNC's their dismissal of
workers rights, hostility to trade unions,
poor environmental record, etc. Can we
use consumer power to bring these giantsto heel?
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On International Women's Day:A review of the TUC's Newcastle Event
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I learned something new today. While researching
the background to IWD for this article, I learned that
International Women's Day started out as
International Working Women's Day.But that's nothing compared to how much I learned
at the event on the 8th March...
International Women's Day was first celebrated in
March 1911. Originally conceived of by German
Socialist Luise Zietz, it was agreed at an International
Women's Conference in 1910 with the aim of
promoting equal rights and suffrage for women.
Although celebrated in much of Northern Continental
Europe and Russia for many years, it wasn't until theUN first declared March 8 as the UN Day for women's
rights and world peace in 1977 that it came to be
known more globally.
With international activists, representatives of NGOs,
refugees , local artists, and everything in between, the
event organised by the TUC in Newcastle for 2013
celebrated the strength and creativity of women on
both a global and a local scale.
The event was opened by Rafeef Ziahdah with a
performance of her poem, We Teach Life Sir, a
deeply moving response to being interviewed by the
mainstream media about the Palestinian/Israeli
conflict and her life as a Palestinian refugee.
Looking at how the interviewer tried to maniplulate
her words to fit his report, the poem's powerful,
passionate words are a brilliant snapshot of Rafeef's
strength and patience. There is a video of the poem
available on youtube (see the links & extras page or
click the image above for a direct link).
The second speaker was Alfamir Castillo,
President of The Women's Sugar Cane Cutter's
Committee of Colombia.
Her story is a shocking and harrowing one, butout of it comes and amazing, inspirational
picture of strength, organizing and resistance.
On 8 February 2008, Alfamir Castillos son was
murdered by the Colombian army: the War On
Want website explains that The case was what
is known in Colombia as a "false positive extra-
judicial execution", where the army kills civilians
and then falsely claims them as fallen guerilla
fighters.(see links page).
Alfamir has made the case public, seeking justice
for her son, and her nephew, a soldier forced
into hiding after raising the alarm. Because she
has refused to accept these terrible events and
has spoken out, she and her family have been
displaced from their home and they are under
constant threat. Despite this, Alfamir ceaselessly
continues to work for justice for her son, seeking
solidarity both internationally and at home: and
this is where the The Women's Sugar Cane
committee comes in.
The aim of The Women's Sugar Cane Cutter's
Committee is to make visible the extreme
poverty of the sugar cane workers lives. A
collective of wives, mothers and daughters, the
group has come together to organise to
campaign for their rights. They have already
gained support from unions worldwide, and
have managed to obtain enough funds to obtain
a base to work from, a space where they can
meet and hold workshops.
The group aims to continue to educatethemselves and their children and communities,
as well as campaigning for better conditions and
showing the world how life is for them,
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The millions in action: US farm workers
thanks to FLOC, Contag , Fenacle and CIW for the photos
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2012 has seen real advances for your partners
in Latin America. Are you optimistic for the
future?
Overall Banana Link is optimistic for the potential forimprovements in the respect of core labour standards
and - crucially - for measurable progress to made
towards the payment of living wages for the workers
that plant, pick and pack the tropical fruits we eat.
The key reason for this is our engagement in the World
Banana Forum - a multi-stakeholder initiative that
brings together all of the actors that have power along
the banana supply supply chain, from the most
powerful, supermarkets, to the most vulnerable,
workers and their unions. It is incredible that thisforum - whose creation in 2009 was driven by farmers
organisations and unions from the South - is putting
the concerns of workers and farmers at the heart of its
agenda.
This means that global retailers and fruit companies are
actively working in collaboration with workers and
small producers to establish what a living wage is and
how to ensure that it is paid throughout the industry.
Learning about how to make the banana industrysustainable is being shared through a virtual library and
we and other partners are currently working on a
publication to bring together examples of best practice
- from Colombia to Ghana - of how collective
bargaining and other union activity is delivering better
wages and conditions for workers, and how all industry
players can learn from this.
Bananalinks capacity building programme, Union-to-
Union has been running for a while now. What are its
major achievements?
The programme has undoubtedly built the capacity of
our Latin American partners to organise and educate
members and to collectively bargain for better terms
and conditions, and continues to do so. However I
believe that its greatest achievement is the solidarity
that has exists along supply chains - between the
workers that grow our fruit and their unions - and
unions in the UK, including those that organise the
workers that are employed in the sale and distribution
in the UK.
This ongoing solidarity is demonstrated by the support
of UNISON for the education programme, legal defence
work and campaigning activity of SITAG Peru.
SITAG is a relatively new union with almost 5000
members engaged in banana, mango and other
agro-industrial production that has grown thanks
to funding from UNISON and in particular thesolidarity relationship it has with the UNISON
West Midlands Region. The union is now looking
to a future where it can begin to cover some
core costs with union dues which workers have
struggled to afford and employers frequently
withhold. The launch in 2011 of the GMB
International Solidarity Fund is a commitment
from that union of the need for ongoing political
advocacy as well as funding for union activity on
the ground. Recently monies - generated byregular branch donations - have supported the
capacity building of four unions in Latin America
with one, FETRABACH in Nicaragua, negotiating a
new CBA which has given workers a 30% in
wages.
You are now involved in a campaign against
supermarket power. Are they a big
obstacle to workers rights in the sector?
Supermarkets are the most powerful actorsalong banana - and many other - supply chains.
As such they are critical to any sustainable
improvements in labour standards and wage
levels.
Years of bitter banana price wars between the
major UK retailers vying, in an incredibly
competitive market, for more customers has
seen the prices paid to suppliers fall to such low
levels that there is simply not enough money left
at the production end of the chain for workers toearn a living wage.
Intense pressure on prices encourages suppliers
to cut costs wherever possible - lowering for
example health and safety standards in an
industry that is the second most intensive user of
agro-chemicals in the world and repressing the
rights of workers to freely join trade unions and
work for better conditions.
Without supermarkets consistently paying prices
that cover the real costs of production, including
labour, it is hard to see how workers rights will
be effectively protected on the ground.
Solidarity Interview:Jackie Mackay of Bananalink
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How did Bananalink get involved in the Africanagricultural sector?For the last few years - as tropical fruit exportproduction has been growing in West Africa - we haveworked proactively to build relationships with tradeunions organising workers in the banana and pineapplesectors. We have been keen to support thedevelopment of South to South solidarity with our LatinAmerican partners who have decades of experience oforganising and educating workers and bargaining for
better wages and conditions often with the samemultinationals investing in Africa.We are delighted that this is beginning to happen, withunion partners from Africa now building their capacityto engage with their Latin American colleagues in theWorld Banana Forum, with a focus on sharingexperience between women workers with the aim ofworking collectively to end the discrimination ofwomen in the sector.
What similarities and differences are therebetween the African and Latin Americancontexts?Sadly there are many - hence our commitment todeveloping South - South solidarity. The fruitmultinationals investing in Africa, including Dole andDel Monte, are the same ones that have operated inLatin America for decades and that dominate theglobal fruit trade. Their record on respecting labourrights is poor as is their failure to respect theenvironments in which tropical fruits are produced.Again this illustrates the importance of creation of theWorld Banana Forum which now provides a space inwhich corporate actors, unions and others can gettogether to address how to ensure core labourstandards are respected, including the right tocollective bargaining, how to ensure living wages arepaid and how to work towards sustainable banana
production. Del Monte are conspicuous by theirabsence from this forum which we are trying toredress!
There are however differences - in terms of productivityand access to resources - and production systemsdiffer for men and women.
I n Latin America, for example, women only work inthe pack-houses and fewer and fewer women arebeing employed. In Cameroon women work in thefield and are often given these jobs which are veryphysically demanding and involve application of andincreased exposure to agro-chemicals whenpregnant or on return from maternity leave whenstill breastfeeding.Supporting knowledge and experience sharing - ofproblems and ways forward - between our Latin
American and African women partners to empowerthem in the workplace and the union to ensure therights of women's are respected is vital.
Bananalink now is part of an internationalcampaign to Make Fruit Fair, alongsideother labour rights NGOs. Has working onthis larger platform helped the cause?Banana Link has always worked in partnership withother NGOs campaigning for labour rights in Europeand the U.S. Partnership and the creation of alliancesbetween organisations with common goals is thebest way for us to have the most impact in workingtowards sustainable trade that delivers for workersand small producers.Make Fruit Fair has been a really successfulcollaboration and has significantly increased ourcapacity to campaign in consumer countries tosupport the demands of our Southern partners.Many of the urgent actions launched over the lastfew years have achieved change for workers andtheir unions .
Just two examples, in Guatemala SITRABI leader NoeRamirez had his protection restored and Chiquitaand Dole, two multinationals targeted for theirfailure to respect the rights of women on theirplantations are really beginning to address - with theunions - how things can be improved.
The campaign - with new supporting organisationsin Lithuania, Serbia, Poland and Macedonia,alongside the original partners in the UK, Germany,France and the Czech Republic are continuing tocampaign under the Make Fruit Fair banner. Ourcurrent urgent action - at www.makefruitfair.org.uk -calls for Noboa, one of the worlds biggest bananacompanies, to enter into serious dialogue withunions organising workers on some of its plantationsin Ecuador. Make Fruit Fair will also continue to callfor the regulation of supermarket buyer power at EUlevel. The EU has recently acknowledged that buyerpower abuses are having a negative impact and what
we now need is action to stop this.
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International women:Iris Munguia of Colsiba
To become the first women leader of aninternational trade union body the LatinAmerican federation of agriculturalworkers, Colsiba is something. That'sonly one part of the Iris Munguia story.Born and raised in a deeply machismoHonduran society, she has been a bananaworkers leader for over 30 years.The attitudes of her peers have oftenbeen hostile, but despite that she is clearthat women cannot act alone: there are men who are aware andcommitted to social justice and to the
defence of our rights. Only by men andwomen working together can we carry outthe necessary transformation to bring abouta fairer and worthy world for everyone.
During her time as a union leader Iriscoordinated the Colsiba working women'sgroup, developing the self-belief, powersand potential of these workers to pursuetheir own interests. And there's plenty todo the banana sector hosts some grimpractices of sexual discrimination, both interms of its hiring (forced pregnancy
testing) and everyday work (harassment).
The Colsiba group looks to promote thelabour, sexual and reproductive rights ofits members. One concern is to increasethe job opportunities across the sector,where women are significantly underrepresented.They call for genderequality clauses to be added toCollective Agreements of affiliatedorganisations. Alongside inclusion must
come participation in respect of theirissues and immediate practical needs. AWomens Regional Agenda has beenforged to take this forward, and localcampaigns launched in Colombia.Iris is also a key member of the newWorld Banana Forum's Labour Rightsgroup. Here she is pursuing the Colsibawomen's agenda further, foregroundinggender discrimination as a central issueto address across the entire sector. In2012 Colsiba hosted a pioneering global
meeting for women banana workers aspart of this ongoing work.
...all things are possible.....
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Like most of our luxury and everyday
goods, chocolate has its own dark side.
The raw material, the cocoa bean, is
grown mainly in Africa. And in someplaces this is carried on in relatively
safe and sustainable ways, often bound
up with Fairtrade certified producer
cooperatives: The Kuapa Kokoo co-op
in Ghana is a classic example.
But elsewhere, things are different...
The largest cocoa bean producer, Ivory
Coast, has been at the centre of a high
profile campaign in the US spotlightingthe widespread use of child labour
across the sector, involving up to an
estimated 100,000 youngsters.
The 'Raise the Bar' coalition of labour
rights NGOs is pressurising the major
US confectioner Hersheys to take
action and clean up its supply chain here.
Research has shown that these
youngsters are not only forced to work
long hours in unsafe conditions. Many
are also victims of human trafficking,
brought to Ivory Coast from nearby
countries like Mali.
That's a high price to pay for a treat
The Chocolatiers
Meanwhile at the other end of the chocolate chain, workers atthe US manufacturer Theo Chocolate have found themselves in
an equally sour situation. Their employer, self-styled first and
only fair trade organic beanto-bar chocolate factory in the US,
took a pretty unfair view of its own workforce when they tried
to get organised and join a Teamster local.
Instead of upholding workers rights, they hired some 'union
avoidance' consultants and embarked on a unionbusting
campaign. The workers complained to the Institute of Market
Ecology ( IMO), an independent organisation Theo Chocolateused to certify it operated in a fair and sustainable manner .
And the IMO promptly ignored complaints about harassment
and intimidation of union supporters, continuing to provide
verification of the employers ethical credentials, including
those referring to labour standards!
Not so sweet.
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The Millions in Action 2:
Global Support for the Mexico Days of Action, February 2013.
Thanks to industriALL
and the FAT for the
photos
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Bananalink and the Make Fruit Fair websites carry up to date news on Latin
American plantations : www.bananalink.org.uk and www.makefruitfair.org.uk
On the history of farm labour in California, see the fascinating summary in the first part of Justin AkersChacon's book 'No-One Is Illegal'.
The story of the United Farm Workers is covered in a number of books and
articles: try David Bacon's retrospective view as a starting point
http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/7142/cesar_chavez_and_the_state_of_the_farm_workers_movement
/
For FLOC visit their website, www.floc.com On their North Carolina campaign see David Bacon's article
http://truth-out.org/news/item/12276-north-Carolinastobacco-workers-stand-to-benefit-from-states-strong-farmw
The Coalition of Immokalee Workers can be found at www.ciw-online.org
Brazil's CONTAG federation have a website in Portuguese, available in
translation, at: www.contag.org.br
The Iris Munguia story is covered on the Bananalink website. See also an
interview at
http://www.lawg.org/action-center/lawg-blog/69-general/838-honduranunion-%20Leader-iris-munguia-who-will-g
On the chocolate industry see the reports by the International Labor Rights
Forum, ILRF, available at http://www.laborrights.org/about-ilrf . See also the blog and responses at
http://slog.thestranger.com/slog/archives/
For more information on Alfamir Castillo, her son and the Women's Sugar Cane Cutters Committee, see
http://www.waronwant.org/news/latest-news/17843-colombians-fight-injustice-and-poverty-
Rafeef Ziahdah is a performance poet and also works for War on Want. For more information on her
campaigning work, see http://www.waronwant.org/search?searchword=rafeef&ordering=&searchphrase=all
To watch a video of the poem she performed at the Newcastle IWD event, go
tohttp://youtu.be/aKucPh9xHtM
The international women's day logo is from the logos page ofhttp://www.internationalwomensday.com
where there is lots more information on the history of the day and current events. The wikipedia entry at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women's_Day is also interesting.
want to know more?Links, further reading & additional picture credits
http://www.bananalink.org.uk/http://www.makefruitfair.org.uk/http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/7142/cesar_chavez_and_the_state_of_the_farm_workers_movementhttp://www.floc.com/http://truth-out.org/news/item/12276-north-Carolinastobacco-workers-stand-to-benefit-from-states-strong-farmworker-unionhttp://www.ciw-online.org/http://www.contag.org.br/http://www.lawg.org/action-center/lawg-blog/69-general/838-honduranunion-%20Leader-iris-munguia-who-will-guarantee-rights-to-workershttp://www.laborrights.org/about-ilrfhttp://slog.thestranger.com/slog/archives/http://www.waronwant.org/news/latest-news/17843-colombians-fight-injustice-and-poverty-http://www.waronwant.org/search?searchword=rafeef&ordering=&searchphrase=allhttp://www.internationalwomensday.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women's_Dayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women's_Dayhttp://www.internationalwomensday.com/http://www.waronwant.org/search?searchword=rafeef&ordering=&searchphrase=allhttp://www.waronwant.org/news/latest-news/17843-colombians-fight-injustice-and-poverty-http://slog.thestranger.com/slog/archives/http://www.laborrights.org/about-ilrfhttp://www.lawg.org/action-center/lawg-blog/69-general/838-honduranunion-%20Leader-iris-munguia-who-will-guarantee-rights-to-workershttp://www.contag.org.br/http://www.ciw-online.org/http://truth-out.org/news/item/12276-north-Carolinastobacco-workers-stand-to-benefit-from-states-strong-farmworker-unionhttp://www.floc.com/http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/7142/cesar_chavez_and_the_state_of_the_farm_workers_movementhttp://www.makefruitfair.org.uk/http://www.bananalink.org.uk/