California Local Energy Assurance Planning

(CaLEAP) Program

California Energy Commission

Energy Strategies Workshop June 24, 2013 (Irvine)

June 25, 2013 (Oakland)

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Welcome CaLEAP Overview Energy Disruptions - Lessons Learned Microgrid Fundamentals

– Case Studies

Implementation Processes, Technologies and Systems

Facilitated Discussion Next Steps

Agenda

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Workshop Format – Presentation and Interactive (Informal) – Recorded – WebEx protocols

Workshop Objective(s) – Provide update on CaLEAP program – Present

Cost-effective, advanced technology strategies Business cases for implementation of strategies

Welcome

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Partnership between CEC and Subcontractors – Team Introductions

Voluntary Pilot program to Increase Energy Resiliency Builds on work done by DOE and others All hazards approach

– Focus on effect; not cause

Encourage comprehensive planning Leverages existing planning efforts

CaLEAP Overview

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Identifying projects/actions to ensure energy to “key assets” needed to provide/sustain local government

essential services in response to and recovery of emergencies

CaLEAP Goal

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Demonstrate how to: – Prepare Energy Assurance Plans or – Incorporate energy assurance in other planning efforts

Present new and evolving energy technologies Awareness of

– Community Profile – Energy Profile – Hazards – Dependencies/Interdependencies – Assets

Building public and private partnerships

CaLEAP Objective

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Incorporating Energy – Expanded Planning Team – Energy consideration

Local Awareness – Energy Profile – Hazards

Identify Key Assets Assess Vulnerabilities Identifying Solutions

– Actions/Projects

CaLEAP- Methodology

4. EAP Implementation & Maintenance

Training

Exercises

Review & Update the EAP

3. Finalize EAP

EAP Review

EAP Approval

Adopt & Disseminate the EAP

2. Develop Your Energy Assurance Plan (EAP)

2a.Understand Your Situation

Present Community Profile Overview

Build Community Energy Profile

Understand Your Energy Interdependencies & Dependencies

Build Your All Hazards Profile

Understand Your Emergency Framework

Identify Key Assets

2b.IdentifyGaps

Assess Threats & Hazards

Determine Vulnerabilities

Validate Your Situation (2a)

2c. Assemble Actions & Projects

Develop Specific Energy Assurance Objectives

Identify Actions & Projects

Identify Actions & Projects Resources

Prioritize Actions & Projects

1. Form Your Team

Designate EAP Coordinator

Identify EAP Working Group

Create EAP Vision & Mission

Incorporate into and Leverage from Your Existing Plans

EAP UPDATES

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Driven by: – Methodology

Input from: – Advisory User Group – Select Stakeholders – Strategic Partners

Allows: – Start to finish or section by section – Import/Export of Data – Future expansion/enhancements – Virtual office/available via the web

CaLEAP- Planning Tool

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Group and one-on-one meetings – In person and conference calls

Workshops Subject matter experts

– Project Management/Planning – Emergency Management – Current and Evolving Energy Technologies – Risk Assessment – Quality Assurance/Quality Control

Help identify public-private partnerships LEAP document review

Project website (www.caleap.org)

CaLEAP- Technical Support

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Sept. 8, 2012 San Diego Outage

Energy Disruptions- Lessons Learned

Power out to 7 million people in southern California, Baja and Arizona Gridlock ensued minutes after the outage 70 elevator rescues, many people trapped for 3+ hours Emergency communications overwhelmed in first 30-60 minutes Scripps Mercy hospital without power for 90 minutes due to generator failure Gas pumps inoperable without electricity

Outage in Downtown San Diego

Impact Summary • $100M in economic losses • 3.5 million gallon sewage spills • Schools and Universities closed the

following day

Key Lesson Learned Critical facilities and infrastructure should be identified, prioritized, and protected for resiliency

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April 2013 PG&E Substation Sabotage

Energy Disruptions- Lessons Learned

Coordinated communications and transformer attack on grid backbone for Silicon Valley First phase of attack cut 2 underground fiber optic communication lines In Phase 2, multiple shooters targeted and hit 10 of 11 large 500 kV transformers Surveillance cameras, buffer zone, access controls did not deter attackers

Preliminary Impact Assessment • Confidential NERC alert issued • Knowledgeable attackers • Surveillance before attacks • Police response monitored • Critical substation targeted

Key Lesson Learned Electric infrastructure at risk for physical and cyber attacks from knowledgeable attackers

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Hurricane Irene

Energy Disruptions- Lessons Learned

A Whole Foods market in Connecticut, the first grocery store in the US to install a fuel cell, was able to keep its coolers running during Hurricane Irene.

Other stores followed suit, with Wal-Mart's 26 fuel cell installations, including those in Hemet and Lancaster, generating 65,000 MWhs of electricity annually

Key Lesson Learned Distributed generation furthers local energy resiliency

Hurricane Irene: Downed power lines

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Northridge Earthquake

Energy Disruptions- Lessons Learned

Key Lesson Learned Worst case electric outages last for 4 weeks. Gas and water restoration times are similar.

• Northridge was a 6.7 magnitude earthquake ($20B in losses)

• Shakeout is an estimate for a Los Angeles area 7.8 quake

Source: Potential Impacts to Water and Electric Services from a M7.8 Southern San Andreas Earthquake. H. David Nahai, CEO and GM, LADWP

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Microgrid Fundamentals “A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. A

microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode”

Microgrid Exchange Group Definition

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Case Study 1 Microgrid Provides Energy Resiliency

In 2011, Connecticut utilities and regulators evaluated grid hardening options following wide spread outages caused by Hurricane Irene and a severe snowstorm.

Options considered included microgrids with 1 or 2 generators, and undergrounding of electrical distribution lines

Business Case Results – No “one size all” solution – Cost effective solutions included:

Microgrids Undergrounding of electric distribution lines Multiple backup generators

– Non-emergency use of generators key to cost effective solutions – Combined Heat and Power generators and non-emergency market

sales may improve economics

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Case Study 2 Fortune 25 Corporate Campus

Net Zero Facility Implemented using best practice system engineering

methodology Thorough business cases (peak shaving; freq reg, etc.) Powered with 100% renewable energy (PV, biogas, etc.)

Test Program

Design and Implement Requirements Use Cases

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Microgrid Business Values Achieve business continuity with a system that pays for itself and supports environmental stewardship

Net Zero Facilities • California Environmental Quality

Act AB900 • Minimum 30% reduction in energy

use • Minimum 35% reduction in water

use • Reduce drive miles for employees

Revenue Opportunities • Peak load shaving reduces demand

charge, lowers utility bill • Energy and ancillary services sold via

CAISO markets • Resiliency lowers lost productivity

during outages

Microgrid

System Balancing

Generation Dispatch

Switching Management

Storage Dispatch

Building Management

System Power Quality

Islanding

Ancillary Services

Demand Side Management

Demand Response

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Renewable, Distributed Generation Net Zero Energy Microgrid

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Challenges of Distributed Renewable Generation

Fuel cells and solar PV systems present challenging control issues during electric grid failures

Problem: Unacceptable power quality during grid outages

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Implementation Processes, Technologies and Systems

Energy resiliency technologies Implementation guidelines Best practices Managing green, resiliency and

legacy retrofits Grid control and monitoring to

protect critical facilities Cost Effectiveness Thorough Business Case Analysis

(including social/private industry costs of outages)

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Menu of Energy Resiliency Technologies

GEN

ERAT

ION

• Rotating Machine •Diesel, Gasoline, Propane •Natural Gas •Biogas

• Renewable • Solar Photovoltaic (PV) •Wind • Fuel Cells •Biogas •Natural gas (the new renewable) •Hydro & geothermal

• Thermal •Combined Heat and Power (CHP) •Trigeneration (energy, heating and

cooling) • Solar Water Heating

CON

TRO

L SYS

TEM

S • Building Automation and Control Systems

• Environmental/HVAC Systems •Boilers • Fans •Heat Pumps

• Smart Lighting • Microgrid Controllers •Transactive energy control • System Monitoring • Load-shedding/shifting

• Bus transfer •Automated Electrical Sectionalizing

Switchgear • Synchronizing switchgear

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Menu of Energy Resiliency Technologies

ENER

GY

S TO

RAG

E • Uninterruptible Power Supply(UPS)

• Battery Energy Storage (BES) systems

• Thermal storage • Compressed Air • Flywheel • Fuel (diesel) & CNG for

backup systems Dem

and

Side

M

anag

emen

t • Demand Response • Load Reduction • Price Response

• Energy Efficiency • Conservation

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Guidelines on Component Technologies Selection and Sizing

Generator sizing and fuel options Distribution and facility electrical topology assessment Business case considerations for individual buildings and communities

– Annual peak load – Base load – Net controllable loads – Consider building heat, hot water and cooling needs & use of cogeneration

to increase overall efficiency Weather & Event Impact Scenarios Risk Management & Spread Bets (e.g. fuel mix, supplies, storage) Electricity Supply and Economics

– Locational Marginal Price of energy – Fuel price and availability during disaster – Ability to sell power and ancillary services

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Best Practice Development for Resilient Systems

Identification & prioritization of critical facilities and systems – Emergency responders and medical facilities – Continuity of operations, communications – Social-economic continuity: Shelters, grocery stores,

fuel stations, water supply, and sewer services Weather & Disaster Scenarios (and cascading effects and

“spreading your bets,” i.e., emergency vehicles mix of fuels) Life cycle cost estimates to optimize economics based on

stakeholder agreed to value assessments Cradle to grave system engineering to manage complex

systems and to ensure integrated, upgradable system Project management office (PMO) with integrated cost,

schedule and performance metrics Effective risk management

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Managing Green and Legacy Retrofits

Integrating renewable systems with legacy systems can be costly if not designed and managed properly – Integration costs may exceed capital costs for hardware – Successful business cases demonstrate cost savings for resilient energy

using renewable energy Identify, prioritize, and geographically locate critical facilities

– Consider microgrids for geographically co-located facilities – Consider distributed generation for more isolated facilities

Consider best mix of on-site generation including need for frequency control and load following during outages

Determine economic viability of distributed generation and storage

Model power system to identify control issues and power problems early

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Grid Control and Monitoring to Protect Critical Facilities

Tier 1: Emergency responders and medical facilities – Use UPS to protect critical systems, e.g. 911 call system – Redundant power supply in addition to grid supplied

power Microgrid for co-located critical facilities Or multiple generators (backup or distributed generation) Bulk energy storage Consider resiliency and economic benefits of on-site base load

generator – Test on-site generation monthly – Test microgrid under simulated grid outage scenario at

least annually (perhaps during an overall emergency preparedness exercise) and under varied scenarios

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Grid Control and monitoring to protect critical facilities (cont.)

Tier 2: Continuity of operations & communications – Use UPS’s to protect communications systems

Emergency radio, reverse 911 call system, web, email, text messages – Support systems necessary to mobilize recovery work force – If co-located near Tier 1 facilities consider microgrid

Tier 3: Social-economic continuity: Shelters, grocery stores, fuel

stations, water supply, sewage, & business case inclusion – Keep people in the city during recovery, spending money locally,

supporting local business – Encourage grocery stores and fuel stations to install on-site rotating

generation, fuel cells or other distributed generation – Cite economic advantages, e.g. revenue generated during outages, food

storage advantages, and customer service – Ensure all pumping stations have backup power generators, even those

with 2 grid connections to protect against area-wide power outages – If co-located near Tier 1 facilities consider microgrid

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Potential Discussion Topics

Energy Assurance Challenges Energy Infrastructure Issues Energy Assurance Risk Management Business Case Issues (including social costs) Role of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Political/Social Challenges that Influence Technical

Choices Other Requirements – What do you need?

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Facilitated Discussion

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Work with Local Governments to complete plans Exploring funding sources to implement projects Identify sustained funding for continued support Provide Advanced Technical Support to some cities

– Create an energy framework with incremental layers of detail for grid and infrastructure resiliency

Next Steps

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David Michel, CEC- Contract Manager

david.michel@energy.ca.gov (916) 651-3747

Andy Petrow, ICF- Project Manager andrew.petrow@icfi.com (818) 294-5472

Contacts