cal/ epa department of pesticide regulation harvard r. fong, cih senior industrial hygienist worker...
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Cal/EPADepartment of Pesticide
Regulation
Harvard R. Fong, CIHSenior Industrial Hygienist
Worker Health and Safety BranchIndustrial Hygiene Services
Hazard Recognitio
n for Pesticides
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionHow is it done for How is it done for
Pesticides?Pesticides?Primary Source: The LABELPrimary Source: The LABEL
Alternative SourcesAlternative Sources MSDSMSDS
Reference Texts Reference Texts
PEL, TLV, NIOSH Pocket GuidePEL, TLV, NIOSH Pocket Guide
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionWhat is a Pesticide?What is a Pesticide?
FIFRA (40 CFR 162.3)FIFRA (40 CFR 162.3) “ “(1) any substance or mixture of substances (1) any substance or mixture of substances
intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest [insect, rodent, nematode, mitigating any pest [insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed, other forms of terrestrial or fungus, weed, other forms of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life or viruses, bacteria, aquatic plant or animal life or viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms, except viruses, or other microorganisms, except viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms on or in living bacteria, or other microorganisms on or in living man or other animals, which the Administrator man or other animals, which the Administrator declares to be a pest], and (2) any substance or declares to be a pest], and (2) any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.”plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.”
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionWhat is a Pesticide?What is a Pesticide?
FIFRA (40 CFR 162.3)FIFRA (40 CFR 162.3) “ “(1) any substance or mixture of substances (1) any substance or mixture of substances
intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest [insect, rodent, nematode, mitigating any pest [insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed, other forms of terrestrial or fungus, weed, other forms of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life or viruses, bacteria, aquatic plant or animal life or viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms, except viruses, or other microorganisms, except viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms on or in living bacteria, or other microorganisms on or in living man or other animals, which the Administrator man or other animals, which the Administrator declares to be a pest], and (2) any substance or declares to be a pest], and (2) any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.”plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.”
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionWhat is Special about What is Special about
Pesticides?Pesticides?
Pesticides are a class of hazardous Pesticides are a class of hazardous chemicals that are released into the chemicals that are released into the environment in a controlled fashion to environment in a controlled fashion to accomplish their particular function. accomplish their particular function.
They are also one of the few materials that They are also one of the few materials that are intentionally added to our food supply.are intentionally added to our food supply.
They are also designed with lethality in They are also designed with lethality in mind.mind.
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionFactors to ConsiderFactors to Consider
ClassificationClassification
Use CategoryUse Category
NomenclatureNomenclature
FormulationFormulation
Label InformationLabel Information
Physical/Chemical PropertiesPhysical/Chemical Properties
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionClassificationClassification
TypeTypeAcaricideAcaricideAlgaecideAlgaecideAttractantAttractant
AvicideAvicideBactericideBactericideDefoliantDefoliant
DessiccantDessiccant
TargetTargetMites & TicsMites & Tics
AlgaeAlgaeVariousVariousBirdsBirds
BacteriaBacteriaLeaf StructureLeaf Structure
PlantsPlants
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionClassificationClassification
TypeTypeDisinfectantDisinfectantFungicideFungicideIGR & PGRIGR & PGRHerbicideHerbicideInsecticideInsecticide
MiticideMiticideMolluscicideMolluscicide
TargetTargetBacteriaBacteriaFungusFungus
Insects or PlantsInsects or PlantsPlantsPlantsInsectsInsects
Mites & TicksMites & TicksSnail & SlugsSnail & Slugs
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionClassificationClassification
TypeTypeNematicideNematicide
PiscicidePiscicide
PredacidePredacide
RepellantRepellant
RodenticideRodenticide
SilvicideSilvicide
TargetTargetNematodesNematodes
FishFish
Large VertebratesLarge Vertebrates
VariousVarious
RodentsRodents
Woody PlantsWoody Plants
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionUse CategoryUse Category
General Use General Use Over the counter available for untrained Over the counter available for untrained
users.users.
Restricted Use Restricted Use Only available for use by certified Only available for use by certified
applicators.applicators.
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionNomenclatureNomenclature
Active Ingredient (A.I.)Active Ingredient (A.I.)The material that does the claimed The material that does the claimed
activityactivity
Inert IngredientsInert IngredientsEverything else.Everything else.
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionNomenclatureNomenclature
““INERTSINERTS””
Inert ingredients are mixed with the Inert ingredients are mixed with the active ingredients. Inerts include active ingredients. Inerts include carriers, solvents, diluents, carriers, solvents, diluents, surfactants, adjuvants, emulsifying surfactants, adjuvants, emulsifying agents, odour masks, stabilizers etc.agents, odour masks, stabilizers etc.
They are They are notnot necessarily physically, necessarily physically, biologically or chemically inert. biologically or chemically inert.
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionNomenclatureNomenclature
Proprietary/Trade NameProprietary/Trade NameRoundup, Dursban, PoastRoundup, Dursban, Poast
Common NameCommon NameGlyphosate, chlorpyrifos, sethoxydimGlyphosate, chlorpyrifos, sethoxydim
IUPAC NameIUPAC Name2,4-bicyclo-2,4-bicyclo-ciscis-methyl-yabba-dabba--methyl-yabba-dabba-
4,5-4,5-transtrans-hideehoic acid-hideehoic acid
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionFormulationsFormulations
Technical GradeTechnical GradeUsually what the formulator starts Usually what the formulator starts
with, with,
the the “pure stuff”“pure stuff”..
FormulationFormulationThe mixture (active & inerts) offered The mixture (active & inerts) offered
for sale/use.for sale/use.
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionFormulationsFormulations
Most “finished” tank mixes Most “finished” tank mixes are primarilyare primarily
WATERWATER
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionFormulations Formulations
AerosolsAerosols:: Liquid A.I. in a compatible Liquid A.I. in a compatible solventsolvent
BaitBait:: A.I. mixed with an attractant A.I. mixed with an attractant
DustDust:: A.I. in/on a fine dry particulate. A.I. in/on a fine dry particulate.
Emulsifiable ConcentrateEmulsifiable Concentrate:: A.I. A.I. mixed with emulsifier in an organic mixed with emulsifier in an organic solvent.solvent.
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionFormulations Formulations
FlowableFlowable:: A.I. in a “batter” that can A.I. in a “batter” that can form aqueous suspensions.form aqueous suspensions.
GranularGranular:: A.I. in/on large dry A.I. in/on large dry particulate. particulate.
MicroencapsulatedMicroencapsulated:: A.I. A.I. embedded in microcapsules, embedded in microcapsules, released by diffusion.released by diffusion.
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionFormulations Formulations
Slow ReleaseSlow Release:: A.I. embedded in A.I. embedded in matrix, released by diffusion/surface matrix, released by diffusion/surface contact.contact.
Soluble PowderSoluble Powder:: A.I. powder that is A.I. powder that is water soluble.water soluble.
Wettable PowderWettable Powder:: A.I. finely ground, A.I. finely ground, will stay in suspension with agitation.will stay in suspension with agitation.
ULVULV:: A.I. undiluted, 2 liter or less per A.I. undiluted, 2 liter or less per acre.acre.
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel InformationLabel Information
Labels provide essential Labels provide essential safety information. All USEPA safety information. All USEPA approved labels must provide approved labels must provide
a minimum set of specific a minimum set of specific information. information.
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel Information: Signal Label Information: Signal
WordsWordsCategory I: Category I: DANGERDANGER//POISONPOISON
Very toxic materialVery toxic material
POLD: Taste to a teaspoon POLD: Taste to a teaspoon Possibly corrosive to eyes or skinPossibly corrosive to eyes or skin
Usually Restricted UseUsually Restricted Use
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel Information: Signal Label Information: Signal
WordsWords
Category II: Category II: WARNINGWARNING
Moderately toxic materialModerately toxic material
POLD: Teaspoon to ouncePOLD: Teaspoon to ounce
Possibly severely irritating to eyes or Possibly severely irritating to eyes or skinskin
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel Information: Signal Label Information: Signal
WordsWords
Category III: Category III: cautioncaution““Slightly” toxic materialSlightly” toxic material
POLD: Greater than one ouncePOLD: Greater than one ounceSomewhat irritating to eyes Somewhat irritating to eyes
Slight irritation to skinSlight irritation to skin
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel: Precautionary StatementLabel: Precautionary Statement
Location of human hazard Location of human hazard information and appropriate PPE to information and appropriate PPE to be worn when handling this be worn when handling this material.material.
May also contain information on May also contain information on environmental hazards and specific environmental hazards and specific physical and chemical hazards physical and chemical hazards (fire, explosive, volatility, etc.)(fire, explosive, volatility, etc.)
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel: IdentifiersLabel: Identifiers
Trade NameTrade Name
Common NameCommon Name
IUPAC NameIUPAC Name
EPA Registration NumberEPA Registration Number
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel: Storage and DisposalLabel: Storage and Disposal
Information on proper storage Information on proper storage (temperature extremes, not near (temperature extremes, not near food, feed or incompatibles) and food, feed or incompatibles) and disposal residue and used disposal residue and used containers.containers.
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel: Contents/FormulationLabel: Contents/Formulation
How much does/did the container How much does/did the container hold?hold?
What are its physical What are its physical characteristics?characteristics?
What percentage A.I.? Inerts?What percentage A.I.? Inerts?
Hazard RecognitionHazard RecognitionLabel: Directions/Re-EntryLabel: Directions/Re-Entry
Information for the mixer/loader, Information for the mixer/loader, applicator, grower, farm workers applicator, grower, farm workers and any other persons who may and any other persons who may use or come in contact with the use or come in contact with the material and/or its residues. material and/or its residues. Includes target pest, allowed crop uses, special Includes target pest, allowed crop uses, special restrictions, WPS information, reentry intervals, restrictions, WPS information, reentry intervals, days to harvest, etc.days to harvest, etc.
Pesticide UsagePesticide Usage
SulfurSulfur 52,183,39252,183,392
Petroleum oil, UNCPetroleum oil, UNC 17,447,93517,447,935
Metam-sodiumMetam-sodium 14,815,68714,815,687
Methyl bromideMethyl bromide 7,384,3987,384,398
1,3-dichloropropene1,3-dichloropropene 7,009,0347,009,034
Mineral oilMineral oil 6,280,4436,280,443
GlyphosateGlyphosate 5,630,1435,630,143
ChloropicrinChloropicrin 4,927,1254,927,125
Copper sulfateCopper sulfate 4,121,0654,121,065
Sulfuryl fluorideSulfuryl fluoride 3,112,0773,112,077
Top 10 in California, by Pounds (2003)
Pesticide UsagePesticide Usage
Alpha-(para-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxypoly Alpha-(para-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)(oxyethylene)
5,808,6755,808,675
SulfurSulfur 5,463,6945,463,694
Isopropyl alcoholIsopropyl alcohol 3,690,3573,690,357
GlyphosateGlyphosate 3,656,8913,656,891
OxyfluorfenOxyfluorfen 1,589,8931,589,893
ChlorpyrifosChlorpyrifos 1,478,7611,478,761
ParaquatParaquat 1,416,2341,416,234
Copper HydroxideCopper Hydroxide 1,158,2811,158,281
Alpha-alkylaryl-omega-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)Alpha-alkylaryl-omega-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene) 975,189975,189
DiuronDiuron 843,154843,154
Top 10 in California, by Acres (2003)
Pesticide UsagePesticide Usage
SulfurSulfur 134,201134,201
Alpha-(para-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxypoly Alpha-(para-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)(oxyethylene)
129,147129,147
GlyphosateGlyphosate 121,546121,546
Isopropyl alcoholIsopropyl alcohol 93,99793,997
OxyfluorfenOxyfluorfen 45,13945,139
PermethrinPermethrin 44,92944,929
Copper HydroxideCopper Hydroxide 40,56740,567
ImidaclopridImidacloprid 40,23440,234
ManebManeb 40,18540,185
ChlorpyrifosChlorpyrifos 38,66638,666
Top 10 in California, by Applications (2003)
Pesticide UsagePesticide Usage
About 70% of California pesticide use is non- About 70% of California pesticide use is non- agricultural, including:agricultural, including: Business and institutional useBusiness and institutional use Home and garden useHome and garden use
Half of the pesticides sold are chlorine-based Half of the pesticides sold are chlorine-based products used for water treatment (pools, products used for water treatment (pools, domestic water supplies, cooling/cleaning domestic water supplies, cooling/cleaning baths etc.)baths etc.)
ComponentsComponents of of ExposureExposure
SourcesSourcesUndiluted PesticideUndiluted PesticideApplication DilutionApplication Dilution
Foliar ResidueFoliar ResidueOff Target ResidueOff Target Residue
DriftDriftDegradation ProductsDegradation Products
PPEPPEProgram RequirementsProgram Requirements
Selection for pesticide users is based Selection for pesticide users is based onon
LABELLABEL
PPEPPE Glove Category Selection Key Based on Glove Category Selection Key Based on
USEPA Label CodesUSEPA Label CodesLabel CodeLabel Code Chemical ClassChemical Class Recommended By Recommended By
CDPRCDPR
AA Water and Dry Water and Dry materialsmaterials
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,81,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
BB KetonesKetones 1,21,2
CC AlcoholsAlcohols 1,2,3,4,7,8,1,2,3,4,7,8,
DD AcetatesAcetates 1,21,2
EE Aliphatic Aliphatic HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
1,3,4,81,3,4,8
FF Aromatic Aromatic HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
1,2,3,81,2,3,8
GG BenzenesBenzenes 1,81,8
HH Halo-hydrocarbonsHalo-hydrocarbons 1,81,81:Laminate 2:Butyl 3:Nitrile 4:Neoprene 1:Laminate 2:Butyl 3:Nitrile 4:Neoprene 5:Natural 6:Polyethylene 7:PVC 8:Viton5:Natural 6:Polyethylene 7:PVC 8:Viton
All but Laminate and Polyethylene must be 14 mils or thickerAll but Laminate and Polyethylene must be 14 mils or thicker
PPEPPE Pesticide Illness/Injury, By TypePesticide Illness/Injury, By Type
Systemic41%
Eye/Skin2%Skin
32%
Eye25%
96-99 PISP Data (WH&S) No NonOcc/Drift/StrucRes
PPEPPE Selection of PPE Selection of PPE
MSDS/Label ReviewMSDS/Label Review
How does agricultural How does agricultural pesticide users PPE compare pesticide users PPE compare to HAZWOPER/HAZMAT to HAZWOPER/HAZMAT requirements?requirements?
PPEPPE Comparison of Protection Comparison of Protection
HAZMATHAZMATLevel DLevel D
CoverallsCoveralls
Boots/ShoesBoots/Shoes
Eye ProtectionEye Protection
Hard HatHard Hat
Gloves*Gloves*
AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALCautionCaution
Work ClothingWork Clothing
Boots/ShoesBoots/Shoes
Gloves*Gloves*
Eye Protection*Eye Protection*
Low HazardLow Hazard
PPEPPE Comparison of Protection Comparison of Protection
HAZMATHAZMATLevel CLevel C
CR ClothingCR Clothing
CR Boots/ShoesCR Boots/Shoes
Hard HatHard Hat
CR GlovesCR Gloves
FF RespiratorFF Respirator
AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALWarningWarning
Work ClothingWork Clothing
Boots/ShoesBoots/Shoes
CR GlovesCR Gloves
RespiratorRespirator
Sou’western*Sou’western*
Eye Protection*Eye Protection*
Moderate HazardModerate Hazard
PPEPPE Comparison of Protection Comparison of Protection
HAZMATHAZMATLevel BLevel B
CR ClothingCR Clothing
CR Boots/ShoesCR Boots/Shoes
Hard HatHard Hat
CR GlovesCR Gloves
SCBASCBA
AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALDangerDanger
CR/Work ClothingCR/Work ClothingCR Boots/ShoesCR Boots/Shoes
CR GlovesCR GlovesRespiratorRespirator
Sou’western/BCSou’western/BCEye ProtectionEye Protection
SCBA for FumigantsSCBA for Fumigants
High HazardHigh Hazard
PPEPPE Comparison of Protection Comparison of Protection
HAZMATHAZMATLevel ALevel A
Encapsulating SuitEncapsulating Suit
CR Boots/ShoesCR Boots/Shoes
CR GlovesCR Gloves
SCBASCBA
AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURALNo way.No way.
Extreme HazardExtreme Hazard
Additional InformationAdditional Information Recognition and Management of Pesticide Recognition and Management of Pesticide
Poisonings, 5Poisonings, 5thth Ed. (USEPA Doc# 735-R98-003) Ed. (USEPA Doc# 735-R98-003)
Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Publishing Co.Farm Chemicals Handbook, Meister Publishing Co.800-572-7740800-572-7740
Occupational Safety and Health guidance Manual for Occupational Safety and Health guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities (NIOSH Doc# 85-Hazardous Waste Site Activities (NIOSH Doc# 85-115)115)
The Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural The Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides-How To Comply (USEPA Doc#735-B-93-Pesticides-How To Comply (USEPA Doc#735-B-93-001) 001)
Additional InformationAdditional Information Agrochemical and Pesticide Safety Handbook; Waxman, Agrochemical and Pesticide Safety Handbook; Waxman,
CRC Press LLC (ISBN#1-56670-296-8)CRC Press LLC (ISBN#1-56670-296-8)
Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Vol. 5, and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Vol. 5, Pesticides; Mackay et al., Lewis Publishers (ISBN# 1-Pesticides; Mackay et al., Lewis Publishers (ISBN# 1-56670-255-0)56670-255-0)
Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals, Vol. 3, Pesticides; Howard, Lewis Organic Chemicals, Vol. 3, Pesticides; Howard, Lewis Publishers (ISBN#0-87371-328-1)Publishers (ISBN#0-87371-328-1)
The Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides; UC Davis State The Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides; UC Davis State IPM, Publication 3324 (ISBN#1-879906-43-0)IPM, Publication 3324 (ISBN#1-879906-43-0)