c6-1 travelbee presentation garbee douglas 2_4 01 08 revised.pptx
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Human-to-HumanRelationship Model
Travelbee extended theinterpersonal relationshiptheories of:
PeplauOrlando
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Unique FocusWith emphasis on Caring
Travelbees theory stresses:Empathy
Sympathy
Rapport
The Emotional Aspects of Nursing
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The RelationshipA mutually significant meaningfulrelationship (p. 125) through which the
nursing needs of the individual (or familymember) are met (Travelbee, 1966) Phases of the Relationship
Original Encounter
Emerging Identities
Empathy
Sympathy
Rapport
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Empathy To Travelbee Empathy is a verb, an action word that is:
the nurses most valuable method of communicating with patients operationalzed by the nurse within the nurse-patient relationship
To empathize is to gain an intellectual understanding ofthe mental world and psychological state of another
(Travelbee, 1966) HOW:
Empathetic receivers (of communication form others): Listen to the message Use own experiences to feel their way into the senders experience Know their own thoughts about their experience Use their own thoughts and experiences to become sensitive to the
what the sender is telling them Know which boundaries exist between their experiences and
thoughts and those of the sender Make a conscious choice to stay with the sender and help them to
bear their experience (Donna, 1979, p. 50)
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SympathyA process wherein an individual is able
to comprehend the distress of another,
be moved or touched by anothersdistress, and desires to alleviate thecause. One shares in the feelings ofanother and experiences compassion.(Travelbee, 1966, p. 146)
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Rapport The establishment of a nurse-patient relationship,
and the experience that is rapport is the terminus ofall nursing endeavor. Rapport is that which is
experienced when nurse and patent has progressedthrough the four interlocking phases precedingrapport and the establishment of a nurse-patientrelationship, namely:
1. The original encounter2. Emerging identities
3. Empathy
4. Sympathy (Travelbee, 1966, p. 155)
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Travelbees View of NursingAn interpersonal process between two
individuals One needs assistance because of an illness
The other able to give needed assistanceThe Goal of the assistance is to facilitate the
individual to:
Cope with the illness situation
Find meaning in the experience
Grow from the experience
(Travelbee, 1966)
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Domain Concepts of Travelbees
TheoryDefinedNursing An interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse assists an individual to
prevent or cope with illness and suffering and find meaning in these experiences(Travelbee, 1966, pp. 5-6).
Person ...a unique irreplaceable individual-a one-time being in the world-like yet unlike any
person who has ever lived or ever will live(Travelbee, 1966, p. 26).
Health the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard without distinction (Travelbee,
1966, p.7). an individually defined state of well-being in accord with self-appraisal of physical-
emotional-spiritual status (Travelbee, 1971, p.9).
Environment Not defined
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Other Major Concepts of
Travelbees Theory Communication Nurse-Patient Relationship
Human-to-Human Relationship Therapeutic Self
Perception
Suffering
Hope Transcend Self
Self-Actualization
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A Propositions ofTravelbees Theory
The Nurses perception of the
patient is a major factor indetermining the quality and
quantity of nursing care renderedto each Patient (Travelbee, 1966, p. 34).
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A Proposition ofTravelbees Theory
The quality of nursing care givenis determined by the nurses
beliefs about illness, suffering,and death (Travelbee, 1966, p. 55).
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A Proposition ofTravelbees TheoryThe spiritual values [and] philosophicalbeliefs [of nurses] about illness and sufferingwill determine the extent to which they willbe able to help patients find meaning (or nomeaning)in these situations(Travelbee, 1966, p. 55).
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Travelbee Life InfluencesEducation
Honors
Experience
Personal
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Travelbees Education Crossman School (Elementary) 1939
Joseph Kohn High School 1943 Charity Hospital School of Nursing 1946
LSU (B.S.N. Ed.) 1956
Yale University (M.S.N.) 1959
Doctoral program enrollment (Florida, 1973)
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Travelbees Honors Kappa Delta Pi
Whos Who in American Education
Leaders in Science Edition
Teacher of the Year
University of Mississippi SON 1968 Outstanding Alumna Award
Louisiana State University 1970
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Travelbees Experience LSUMC SON Director of Graduate Education 1973
LSUMC SON 1971 1973
Hotel Dieu SON Project Director 1969 1971
University of Mississippi SON 1966-1969
New York University 1965-1966
LSU SON 1956-1965
Charity Hospital SON 1954-1956
De Paul Hospital Affiliate School 1952-1954
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Travelbee PersonalOrder of Diacalced
Carmelites Secular
Poetry
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Order of Diacalced Carmelites 16th Century Reform of
Carmalite Nuns
Reestablish Carmelite
Objectives & Disciplines
St. Teresa of Avila
St. John of the Cross
Known as Contemplative
Carmelites and later Discalced
Carmelites
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Order of Diacalced Carmelites Secula
Pervasive Ideas
1. The Secular Rule of Life, Plan for
Spiritual Growth
2. Vocation & Mission
Evangelical Life & Contemplative Prayer
Apostolic & Contemplative Witness
3. Contemplative Prayer
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Poetry Uplifting Sounds
New Orleans
The Dreamer
Sorrow
Magnolia
The wind is Whitetonight
So?
Mental Health Patients
Hurry
Inspiration
Sandra
Burnt Sienna
Untitled
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References Catholic University of America (1967). Catholic
Encyclopedia. NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Donna, M.K., (1979). Intervention in psychiatric
nursing (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.
LSU Personnel Records (1971). Biographical Data
Form. New Orleans: LSU. Speziale, H.J. & Carpenter, D.R. (2007). Qualitative
Research in Nursing Advancing the HumanisticImperative. (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Travelbee, J. (n.d.) Poetry. New Orleans.
Travelbee, J. (1966). Interpersonal aspects of
nursing. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.
Travelbee, J. (1971). Interpersonal aspects of
nursing (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.