c.13 the rise of progressivism. the birth of progressivism we will explain the origins and...
TRANSCRIPT
The Birth of Progressivism
• We will Explain the origins and accomplishments of the Progressive Movement and Analyze the efforts to achieve women’s suffrage and other reforms in the early 20th century
• Video Notes: 1:00
• 1. Why did the progressives believe that strong government action was the only way to tackle the social and economic problems of industrialization? (traditionally Americans had depended on voluntary solutions)
• 2. Why were women so critical to the successes of the progressive movement?• 3. Why was TR such a popular progressive leader? (How did he sound more like a reformer than he actually was?)
• 4. To what extent was progressivism really a conservative, middle class reform that did not really reflect the interests or concerns of the working class and the poor? (Conservation and the environment reflected the perspectives of the affluent)
TIME LINE OF THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT
• 1893 Anti-Saloon League founded • 1895 Booker T. Washington gives Atlanta Compromise
speech– "cast down their bucket"
• 1903 Women's Trade Union League founded• 1905 Niagara Movement promotes African American rights• 1906 San Francisco earthquake• Meat Inspection Act• Pure Food and Drug Act• 1909 NAACP founded• 1911 Society of American Indians founded• Triangle Shirtwaist fire• 1914 Federal Trade Commission created• Clayton Anti-Trust Act• 1917 -1918 WWI Great Migration• 1919 Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) ratified• 1920 Nineteenth Amendment (federal woman suffrage)
ratified• 1929 League of United Latin American Citizens founded
U.S. History 2.7.12
• Return– Assignment #1
• 1. T.R.– the Progressive PresidentInfo– Video– From Cattleman to Cleaning up the Meat industry
• 2. Clock Buddies– Review– T.R.• 3. We will finish and turn in Assignment #2
Friday– and then…….
2nd Great Awakeni
ng
Antebellum Reforms
[1810s-1850s]
CCIIVVIIL
WAR
Populism[1870s-1890s]
Social Gospel
Progressivism
[1890s-1920]
1920s Revivalis
m
New Deal[1930s-1940s]
1950sRevivalis
m
Great Society
&1960s Social
Movements
ChristianEvangelica
lMovement
CCOONNSSEERRVVAATTIIVVEE
RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN
The “Culture Wars”:The Pendulum of Right v. Left
The “Culture Wars”:The Pendulum of Right v. Left
Liberalism—what is it and where does it come from?
• Locke → Jeffersonian Democracy (1800s) → Jacksonian Democracy (1830s) → Reform Movement → (1840s and 1850s) Grange (Farmer’s Alliance) after Civil War → Populists (1892) → Progressives (1900-1920) → New Deal (FDR, 1933-1945) → Fair Deal (Truman, 1945-1953) → New Frontier (1961-1963) →Great Society (1963-1969)
Lesson 2- Liberalism
• True expression of democracy• Alliance between public and
government to correct abuses of capitalism
• Alleviate short-term problems, bring about fundamental change—pol., econ., social
Critics on the left
• Liberalism is an alliance between gov’t and corporations to: maintain power in few hands, maintain elites hegemony over other classes, (just like conservatives, different methods) preserve the status quo
I. The Roots of Progressivism• In 1900, 76 million, 1 in 7
foreign-born• 1900-1914, 13 million more
immigrants arrive• Progressives were a broad
reform movement—attack monopoly, corruption, inefficiency, social injustice, poverty, urban squalor, racism, sexism, etc.
• Common thread— “strengthen state”—use of government as an agency of human welfare• Roots—1870s Greenback
Movement, 1890s Populism• Political/philosophical
position— new solutions to problems of industrial age, laissez-faire and rugged individualism out of place
• “intentionally feeble” Jeffersonian government needs to be reinvigorated to respond to both power of corporations and problems of increasingly urban society
II. Rise of the Progressives• Politicians—William Jennings
Bryan, Gov. Atgeld, Populists leaders
• Writers and novelists—Henry Demarest Lloyd—Wealth against Commonwealth– attack Standard Oil
• Thorstein Veblan—The Theory of the Leisure Class—attack predatory wealth and conspicuous consumption
• Jacob Riis-How the Other Half Lives
• Theodore Dreiser—The Titan, The Financier
• Muckrakers—exposè journalists and reform writers
• 10¢ and 15¢ journals emerge, compete in dirt digging—McClure’s, Cosmopolitan, Collier’s, Everybody’s
• TR called them muckrakers as an insult
• Other Muckraking works• Lincoln Steffens “The Shame
of the Cities”—corrupt alliance between big business and city government• Ida Tarbell— “History of
Standard Oil”• Thomas Lawson “Frenzied
Finance”—stock speculation
• David Phillips– Treason of the Senate—under control of corporations• Ray Stannard Baker Following
the Color Line—following the conditions of blacks• John Spargo—The Bitter Cry of
the Children—child labor• Dr. Harvey W. Wiley—attacked
patent medicines in Colliers
III. Progressives in Politics
• White, Anglo-Saxon middle-class movement, squeezed from above (Trusts) and below (unions, immigrants)
• 2 goals—use state power to curb trusts, stop Socialism by improving common person’s life
• Progressives appear in all parties, all regions and all levels of government• Political reforms:• Direct Primary Elections—get rid of bosses• Initiative—voters propose legislation, bypass legislators
• Direct Primary Elections—get rid of bosses
• Initiative—voters propose legislation, bypass legislators
• Referendum—laws placed on ballot for approval by people• Recall—special elections to
remove public officials• Australian (secret) Ballot—less
likely to bribe and can’t be sure• Corrupt-practices Act—limits
on corporate gifts and donations
• Direct Election of Senators—(Millionaires Club), elected by state legislatures, distant from people • 17th Amendment 1913• Women’s suffrage—women’s
vote will “elevate” elections
• Municipal Reforms:• City Manager System
(Galveston, TX)—experts, no spoils• Cleaning up streets—
slumlords, juvenile delinquents, prostitution
• State Level Reforms:• “Fightin’ Bob” La Follette
and the Wisconsin Idea—campaigns against bosses and corporations (particularly RR)• Use of Civil Servants from
Univ of Wisconsin to run gov’t
• 19 Amendment• Equal Rights Amendment• Temperance• Immigration (Nativism, Eugenics)• Triangle Shirtwaist• W.E.B Du Bois v. Booker T. Washington• Lynching (Ida Wells)• Progressive Income Tax