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B3 Quick Revision Questions
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 1
• What is osmosis?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane, down a concentration gradient.
Answer 1 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 2
• What does partially permeable membrane mean?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• A membrane that allows some small molecules to pass through but not larger molecules.
Answer 2 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 3
• What has happened if a plant cell becomes turgid?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• The vacuole has filled with water and pushes against the cell wall.
Answer 3 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 4
• What has happened if a plant cell is flaccid?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Water has moved out of the cell by osmosis and the vacuole shrinks.
Answer 4 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 5
• What is active transport?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Active transport is when a cell uses energy to transport substances through cell membranes against a concentration gradient.
Answer 5 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 6
• How do you work out the surface area to volume ratio?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Answer 6 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Surface area divided by the volume
Question 7
• Name two features that an efficient exchange surface should have.
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• A large surface area
• A thin membrane
Answer 7 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 8
• What does an enzyme do?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Catalyse chemical reactions that happen in cells
Answer 8 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 9
• Describe the 3 stages of the lock-and-key theory
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Substrate binds enzyme’s active site
• Enzyme-substrate complex forms
• Enzyme releases products
Answer 9 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 10
• What are enzyme controlled reactions affected by?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• pH
• Temperature
Answer 10 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 11
• In terms of experiments, define repeatable and reproducible
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Repeatable – if you repeat the investigation using the same method and equipment and obtain the same results
• Reproducible – if the investigation is repeated by someone else or with different equipment or methods and the results are the same
Answer 11 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 12
• Name four parts of the digestive system
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Salivary gland
• Oesophagus
• Stomach
• Liver
• Gall bladder
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
• Anus
Answer 12 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 13
• What are fatty acids used for?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• For energy
• For building cell membranes
• To make hormones
Answer 13 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 14
• Why is physical digestion important?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• It allows food to pass through the digestive system more easily
Answer 14 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 15
• What do carbohydrases do? Give an example
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Break down carbohydrates into simple sugars
• E.g. amylase breaks down starch
Answer 15 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 16
• Where are proteases found?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• In the stomach, pancreas and small intestine
Answer 16 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 17
• What is the role of bile?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
To emulsify fat droplets to increase their surface area to speed up their digestion by lipase enzymes
Answer 17 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 18
• What is the Benedict’s test used for?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• To test for sugars
Answer 18 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 19
• Which test is used to test for protein?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• The Biuret test
Answer 19 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 20
• What are spiracles?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Tiny holes found on the side of an insect’s body that open into small tubes (tracheae)
Answer 20 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 21
• Name three factors respiratory exchange surfaces have
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• A large surface area
• A thin permeable membrane
• A moist exchange surface
Answer 21 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 22
• Name two minerals fertilisers contain
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Nitrates
• Phosphates
• Potassium
• Magnesium
Answer 22 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 23
• Why do plants need water?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• To maintain the shape of their cells and for photosynthesis
Answer 23 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 24
• Give one adaptation of a root hair cell for efficient exchange surface for osmosis
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Large surface area for absorption of water
• No cuticle, thin membrane to allow absorption
• Thin cell wall, to reduce osmosis distance
• Large permanent vacuole to absorb as much water as possible
• Close to the xylem, so materials can be moved around the plant
Answer 24 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 25
• Give two uses of potassium in a plant
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Respiration
• Photosynthesis
• To make enzymes
Answer 25 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 26
• What would a plant lacking in nitrates display?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Poor growth
• Yellow leaves
Answer 26 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 27
• What are the two types of fertiliser?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Organic
• Inorganic
Answer 27 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 28
• Describe a closed circulatory system and name the two types
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Blood flows in vessels
• Single circulation
• Double circulation
Answer 28 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 29
• Give three features of a vein
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Carry blood to the heart
• Blood under low pressure
• Thinner walls, not permeable
• Large lumen
• Valves along their length prevent backflow of blood
• Carry deoxygenated blood
Answer 29 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 30
• Give an advantage of the double circulation system
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Blood pressure is higher, especially to the body
• There is higher blood flow to body tissues
• Oxygenated blood is separate from deoxygenated blood
Answer 30 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 31
• What does a pacemaker do?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Controls the natural resting heart rate
Answer 31 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 32
• What are the 4 main blood vessels?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Pulmonary vein
• Aorta
• Vena cava
• Pulmonary artery
Answer 32 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 33
• How long does the complete cardiac cycle take?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• 0.08 seconds
Answer 33 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 34
• What colour is plasma?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Straw coloured
Answer 34 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 35
• Give two examples of substances transported by blood
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Hormones
• Antibodies
• Nutrients e.g. glucose, amino acids, minerals and vitamins
• Waste substances, like carbon dioxide and urea
Answer 35 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 36
• Describe red blood cells
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• They are tiny, biconcave disc shape, contain haemoglobin and have no nucleus
Answer 36 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 37
• What does oxygen and haemoglobin combine to produce
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Oxyhaemoglobin
Answer 37 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 38
• Where does gaseous exchange occur?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Alveoli
Answer 38 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 39
• Give the passage of air through the breathing system
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Inhaled air
• Trachea
• Bronchus
• Bronchiole
• Alveoli
Answer 39 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 40
• What is gas exchange?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Taking in oxygen
• Releasing carbon dioxide
Answer 40 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 41
• Give one adaptation of alveoli for efficient gaseous exchange
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Small spheres – large surface area
• Thin exchange surface – short diffusion distance
• Surrounded by blood capillaries – oxygen moved into blood and carbon dioxide is taken to the lungs
• Moist surfaces – gases dissolve to allow efficient diffusion
Answer 41 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 42
• Approximately how many million alveoli are there in are lungs?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Over 300 million
Answer 42 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 43
• Describe coronary heart disease
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries
Answer 43 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 44
• Give two factors that contribute to coronary heart disease
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Genetic factors
• Gender
• Age
• Diet
• Smoking
Answer 44 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 45
• What do heart valves do?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Prevent the backflow of blood
Answer 45 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 46
• Give two symptoms of leaky valves
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Tiredness and lack of energy
• Breathlessness
Answer 46 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 47
• Where is an artificial pacemaker fitted?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Under the skin
• A wire from a vein to the right atrium
Answer 47 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 48
• Which drugs are used to reduce cholesterol levels?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Statins
Answer 48 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 49
• What do stents do?
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Used to treat narrow coronary arteries
Answer 49 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
Question 50
• Give an advantage and disadvantage of a heart transplant
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B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards
• Advantage – better quality of life
• Disadvantage – major surgery, need anti-rejection drugs and shortage of donors
Answer 50 .... of 50
B3 for AQA GCSE examination 2018 onwards