C1 Revision cards

C1 Revision Questions

C1 Revision cards

Question 1

• What are the 3 different fossil fuels?

• Why are fossil fuels non-renewable?

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Answer 1 of 50

• Coal, oil, gas.

• They are used up quicker than they are being replaced

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Question 2

• What is cracking?

• Why do we do it?

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Answer 2

• A process that converts long chained alkanesinto a shorter chained alkanes and alkenes.

• We use it to make more petrol

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Question 3

• LIST THE GASES IN THE AIR

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Answer 3

• NITROGEN, OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER VAPOUR, NOBLE GASES (ARGON, NEON, KRYPTON, XENON)

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Question 4

WHICH PROCESSES AFFECT THE LEVEL OF GASES IN THE AIR?

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Answer 4

• COMBUSTION MORE CO₂ LESS O₂, RESPIRATION MORE CO₂ LESS O₂, PHOTOSYNTHESIS LESS CO₂ MORE O₂

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Question 5

• WHAT % OF THE AIR DO THE DIFFERENT GASES MAKE UP?

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Answer 5

• NITROGEN 78%, OXYGEN 21%, CARBON DIOXIDE 0.O4%

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Question 6

• HOW OLD IS THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE?

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Answer 6

• FOUR AND A HALF THOUSAND MILLION YEARS

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Question 7

• WHERE AND WHAT WAS THE PROCESS OF MAKING THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE?

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Answer 7

• THE GASES CAME FROM THE CENTRE OF THE EARTH VIA VOLCANOES IN A PROCESS CALLED DEGASSING

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Question 8

• WHICH GASES WERE IN THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE?

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Answer 8

• AMMONIA AND LATER CARBON DIOXIDE

• DEGASSING OF EARLY VOLCANOES PRODUCED AN ATMOSPHERE RICH IN WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE

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Question 9

• HOW WERE OCEANS FORMED?

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Answer 9

• CHEMICAL REACTIONS BETWEEN AMMONIA AND ROCKS PRODUCED NITROGEN AND WATER VAPOUR.

• THE WATER VAPOUR IN THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE CONDENSED

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Question 10

• WHERE DID NITROGEN COME FROM?

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Answer 10

• CHEMICAL REACTIONS BETWEEN AMMONIA AND ROCKS MADE NITROGEN AND WATER

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Question 11

• WHY DID NITROGEN LEVELS INCREASE?

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Answer 11

• NITROGEN LEVELS INCREASED BECAUSE IT IS NOT VERY REACTIVE

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Question 12

• WHY DID OXYGEN INCREASE AND CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS DECREASE IN THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE?

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Answer 12

• PLANTS EVOLVED AND BEGAN TO PHOTOSYNTHESISE

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Question 13

• CAR EXHAUSTS MAKE OXIDES OF NITROGEN, HOW DOES THIS AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT?

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Answer 13

• PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG

• ACID RAIN

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Question 14

• SULFUR DIOXIDE IS RELEASED WHEN COAL AND OIL IS BURNT, HOW DOES THIS AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT?

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Answer 14

• SULFUR DIOXIDE FROM IMPURITIES IS FORMED WHEN FOSSIL FUELS ARE BURNT. THIS MAKES ACID RAIN.

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Question 15

• WHAT IS A CATALYTIC CONVERTER?

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Answer 15

• CONVERTS THE EXHAUST GASES CARBON MONOXIDE AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN INTO LESS HARMFUL CARBON DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN GASES

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Question 16

• WHAT IS THE AFFECT OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON THE BODY?

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Answer 16

• CARBON MONOXIDE PREVENTS RED BLOOD CELLS FROM CARRYING OXYGEN

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Question 17

• WHAT ELEMENT IS THE CATALYST IN THE CATALYTIC CONVERTER MADE FROM?

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Answer 17

• RHODIUM

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Question 18

• WHY DOES RELATIVELY UNREACTIVE NITROGEN FORM OXIDES IN A CAR ENGINE?

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Answer 18

• VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES ALLOW THE STRONG BONDS BETWEEN THE NITROGEN ATOMS TO BE BROKEN

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Question 19

• WHAT IS THE WORD EQUATION FOR THE REACTIONS IN A CATALYTIC CONVERTER?

• WHAT IS THE SYMBOL EQUATION FOR THE REACTIONS IN A CATALYTIC CONVERTER?

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Answer 19

• CARBON MONOXIDE + NITROGEN MONOXIDE NITROGEN + CARBON DIOXIDE

• 2CO + 2NO→ 2CO₂ + N₂

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Question 20

• HOW DOES DEFORESTATION AND INCREASE IN POPULATION AFFECT THE ATMOSPHERE?

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Answer 20

• LESS PHOTOSYNTHESIS THEREFORE MORE CARBON DIOXIDE,

MORE CARS THEREFORE MORE CARBON OXIDES AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN,

MORE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS THEREFORE MORE SULFUR DIOXIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE

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Question 21

• WHAT ARE THE MOLECULES IN PLASTICS CALLED?

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Answer 21

• POLYMERS

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Question 22

• WHAT IS A POLYMER?

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Answer 22

• A MOLECULE MADE FROM MANY SMALL MOLECULES CALLED MONOMERS LINKED IN A LONG CHAIN DURING POLYMERISATION

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Question 23

• How do engines make nitrogen oxides?

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Answer 23

• High temperatures react oxygen and nitrogen from the air together

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Question 24

• What is the formula for methane?

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Answer 24

• CH4

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Question 25

• What is the formula for propene?

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Answer 25

• C3H6

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Question 26

• What is made when you add bromine to an alkene?

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Answer 26

• Dibromo alkane

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Question 27

• State 3 ways that polymers can be disposed of

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Answer 27

• Burnt, landfill, recycled

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Question 28

• What new types of polymers are scientists developing to reduce disposal problems?

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Answer 28

• Polymers that dissolve, biodegradable polymers

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Question 29

• What is hydrocarbon?

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Answer 29

• A compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon

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Question 30

• What is a monomer?

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Answer 30

• They are the repeat units that are joined together to make a polymer, they are alkenes which contain double bonds.

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Question 31

• What is a polymer?

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Answer 31

• A long chain of monomers chemically bondedto each other.

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Question 32

• How do you make a polymer?

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Answer 32

• High pressure and catalyst breaks an alkene’sdouble bond, lots of these join together to make a long molecule (a polymer)

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Question 33

• What colour is bromine?

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Answer 33

• Orange

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Question 34

• What is an alkane?

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Answer 34

• A hydrocarbon with single bonds

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Question 35

• What is an alkene?

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Answer 35

• A hydrocarbon with at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

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Question 36

• State 3 properties of Goretex.

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Answer 36

• Waterproof,

• windproof,

• breathable,

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Question 37

• What is a saturated compound?

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Answer 37

• A compound that only had single bonds (no double bonds).

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Question 38

• Explain how Goretex is breathable, yet waterproof.

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Answer 38

• Has small holes (from expanded PTFE), that water droplets cannot pass through but water vapour can.

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Question 39

• What type of forces hold hydrocarbonmolecules together?

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Answer 39

• Intermolecular forces

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Question 40

• What type of bonds hold atoms in hydrocarbon molecules together?

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Answer 40

• Covalent bonds.

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Question 41

• What is the test for an alkene?

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Answer 41

• Add Bromine water. An alkene will turn bromine water from an orange solution to a colourless solution.

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Question 42

• What is the general formula for an alkane and for an alkene?

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Answer 42

• Alkane = CnH2n+2

• Alkene = CnH2n

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Question 43

• State 3 reasons why we cook food

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Answer 43

• Improve taste,

• Improve texture,

• easier to digest,

• kills bacteria.

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Question 44

• State 2 reasons why cooking is a chemical reaction

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Answer 44

• Change in colour,

• energy changes,

• non-reversible reaction.

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Question 45

• Name 4 different food additives and explain what they each do

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Answer 45

• Emulsifiers- stops a mixture of oil and water from separating,

• Antioxidants- stops food reacting with oxygen,

• Flavour enhancers- to improve flavour,

• Colourants- to give an improved colour

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Question46

• Explain how baking powder makes cakes rise

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Answer 46

• Baking powder is sodium hydrogencarbonate,

• It breaks down with heat (thermal decomposition) and makes carbon dioxide.

• Carbon dioxide makes the cakes rise

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Question 47

• What is nylon used for?

• State 3 properties of nylon?

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Answer 47

• Clothes,

• Tough,

• light,

• flexible,

• non-breathable

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Question 48

• What does biodegradable mean?

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Answer 48

• It can be broken down by bacteria

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Question 49

• What is Goretex made out of?

• Why?

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Answer 49

• Made from nylon laminated with PTFE/polyurethane membrane. The inner layer is made from expanded PTFE (had air put in it to expand it).

• PTFE is too fragile on its own so is combined with nylon.

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Question 50

• What is additional polymerisation?

• Give 2 examples

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Answer 50

• Where many identical alkene monomers react together (under high pressure and a catalyst) to give a polymer.

• Poly(ethene), poly(propene), poly(butene).

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