Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Table of Contents - RomeTable of Contents - Rome

1.1. World GeographyWorld Geography2.2. Map of RomeMap of Rome3.3. Romulus and RemusRomulus and Remus4.4. Roman VocabularyRoman Vocabulary5.5. Rise of Rome Cornell NotesRise of Rome Cornell Notes6.6. Successors of AugustusSuccessors of Augustus7.7. Fall of Rome BrainpopFall of Rome Brainpop8.8. 3 Causes of the Fall of Rome3 Causes of the Fall of Rome9.9. Byzantine NotesByzantine Notes10.10. Rome Study GuideRome Study Guide

Byzantine Empire NotesByzantine Empire NotesEmperor JustinianEmperor Justinian ConstantinopleConstantinople

GovernmentGovernment Eastern Orthodox Eastern Orthodox ChurchChurch

LocationLocation

ConstantinopleConstantinople The capital of the The capital of the

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire Rebuilt by Emperor Rebuilt by Emperor

Constantine in the Constantine in the Roman styleRoman style

Strategic location Strategic location made it easy to defendmade it easy to defend

Connected land & Connected land & water trade routes water trade routes between Europe & between Europe & Asia which made the Asia which made the city and some of its city and some of its inhabitants incredibly inhabitants incredibly rich!rich!

Life in ConstantinopleLife in Constantinople More advanced than Rome!More advanced than Rome! Hospitals, nursing homes, orphanages, and Hospitals, nursing homes, orphanages, and

unemployment programs helped the less fortunateunemployment programs helped the less fortunate People attended chariot races at the Hippodrome—People attended chariot races at the Hippodrome—

the Blues & Greens were rivals.the Blues & Greens were rivals.

Emperor Justinian IEmperor Justinian I One of the greatest One of the greatest

Byzantine rulers! He Byzantine rulers! He ruled from 527-565ruled from 527-565ADAD

He beautified He beautified Constantinople by Constantinople by building new bridges, building new bridges, public baths, parks, public baths, parks, roads, hospitals and roads, hospitals and many Christian churches.many Christian churches.

He tried to reconquer & He tried to reconquer & reunite the former reunite the former Roman Empire.Roman Empire.

Justinian’s PassionsJustinian’s Passions

Justinian was dedicated to…Justinian was dedicated to…

1.1. Reuniting the Roman Empire – he Reuniting the Roman Empire – he conquered much of the old Western conquered much of the old Western Roman Empire, but future leaders could Roman Empire, but future leaders could not hold on to it.not hold on to it.

2.2. Enforcing Byzantine laws – he created a Enforcing Byzantine laws – he created a new set of laws called the Justinian Code.new set of laws called the Justinian Code.

3.3. The church – he declared himself head of The church – he declared himself head of the Christian church in the Byzantine the Christian church in the Byzantine EmpireEmpire

Nika RiotsNika Riots

January 532, a massive riot broke out in January 532, a massive riot broke out in the Hippodrome during a chariot race.the Hippodrome during a chariot race.

The rioters protested the arrest of some of The rioters protested the arrest of some of their team members.their team members.

Emperor Justinian & his wife, Theodora, Emperor Justinian & his wife, Theodora, hid in the palace while the city was in hid in the palace while the city was in flames.flames.

Justinian’s advisors urged him to flee the Justinian’s advisors urged him to flee the city.city.

Empress TheodoraEmpress Theodora

Theodora’s AdviceTheodora’s Advice ““As to the belief that a woman should not be As to the belief that a woman should not be

daring among men or assert herself boldly, I daring among men or assert herself boldly, I consider the present crisis does not allow us to consider the present crisis does not allow us to debate that. My opinion is that now is a poor debate that. My opinion is that now is a poor time for flight, even though it bring safety . . . . If time for flight, even though it bring safety . . . . If now you wish to go, Emperor, nothing prevents now you wish to go, Emperor, nothing prevents you. There is the sea, there are the steps to the you. There is the sea, there are the steps to the boats. But take care that after you are safe, you boats. But take care that after you are safe, you do not find that you would gladly exchange that do not find that you would gladly exchange that safety for death. For my part, I like the old safety for death. For my part, I like the old saying that “The Empire is fine burial cloth.””saying that “The Empire is fine burial cloth.”” as recorded by Procopius, c. 550as recorded by Procopius, c. 550

What should Justinian do?What should Justinian do?

Result of the Nika RiotsResult of the Nika Riots

Justinian called out his army and put Justinian called out his army and put down the riots.down the riots.

30,000 rioters were killed and 30,000 rioters were killed and Constantinople lay in ruins.Constantinople lay in ruins.

Justinian made reforms including; Justinian made reforms including; rebuilding and improving rebuilding and improving Constantinople, reforming the legal Constantinople, reforming the legal code, and giving women the right to code, and giving women the right to own property and get an education.own property and get an education.

Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia A magnificent A magnificent

Byzantine church built Byzantine church built by Emperor Justinian, by Emperor Justinian, today it is one of the today it is one of the most famous buildings most famous buildings in the world!in the world!

““Glory to God who has Glory to God who has judged me worthy of judged me worthy of accomplishing such a accomplishing such a work as this! O work as this! O Solomon, I have Solomon, I have Outdone you!”Outdone you!”

--Emp. Justinian--Emp. Justinian

Justinian’s CodeJustinian’s Code Justinian organized a committee of legal experts to Justinian organized a committee of legal experts to

organize and update the laws based on Christian organize and update the laws based on Christian beliefs and Roman laws.beliefs and Roman laws.

The new legal code is known as Justinian’s Code. It The new legal code is known as Justinian’s Code. It guaranteed fair treatment for all and became the guaranteed fair treatment for all and became the basis for many legal codes in the western world.basis for many legal codes in the western world.

Romans vs. ByzantinesRomans vs. Byzantines Western Roman Western Roman

EmpireEmpire-Popes & Bishops -Popes & Bishops

led the church and the led the church and the Emperor led the Emperor led the government.government.

-Latin was the -Latin was the main language.main language.

-Economy based -Economy based on agriculture and on agriculture and fewer cities fewer cities

Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire (East)(East) -The -The emperor was more emperor was more powerful because he powerful because he was the head of the was the head of the Church and the Church and the government.government.

-Greek was the -Greek was the main language and main language and cultureculture -Economy -Economy based on trade, many based on trade, many cities and wealthiercities and wealthier

ChristianityChristianity The main religion of both empires.The main religion of both empires. MosaicsMosaics, , pictures made with small pictures made with small

pieces of colored stone, tile or glasspieces of colored stone, tile or glass, , were popular decorations for were popular decorations for churches and public buildings.churches and public buildings.

The Great Schism in 1054 The Great Schism in 1054 ADAD, was the , was the first major split in Christianity. The first major split in Christianity. The Eastern Orthodox and the Roman Eastern Orthodox and the Roman Catholic churches officially divided. Catholic churches officially divided. Differences included the use of icons, Differences included the use of icons, celibacy of priests, language and celibacy of priests, language and leadership.leadership.

Conquest of the Byzantine Conquest of the Byzantine EmpireEmpire

1453 AD the Ottoman Turks, a 1453 AD the Ottoman Turks, a Muslim Empire, captured Muslim Empire, captured Constantinople and defeated the Constantinople and defeated the empire.empire.

The Turks renamed the city, Istanbul, The Turks renamed the city, Istanbul, and it became primarily Muslim.and it became primarily Muslim.