by virginie dégardin iemn-telice (telecommunications ... ores... · • study and optimize the...

Mons, 20/11/2014

by Virginie Dégardin IEMN-TELICE (Telecommunications, Interférences et Compatibilité Electromagnétique)

OUTLINE

1. PLC context From indoor environment to transportation systems

2. PLC on vehicular network 3. PLC on avionic network 4. Conclusion 5. On going and future works

2 Journée d'études "Will we be Smart by 2020 ?" - "Chaire ORES Smart Grids - Smart Metering"

Journée d'études "Will we be Smart by 2020 ?" - "Chaire ORES Smart Grids - Smart Metering" 3

1. PLC context and scientific approach

Broadband (BB) PLC for high-speed home networking

2 standards : IEEE P1901 and ITU G.hn in the 2-100 MHz ( > 500 Mbits/s)

in-home or access (for the last mile) network

A.M. Tonello, J. Song, S. Weiss, and F. Yang, "PLC for the

Smart Grid: State-of-the-Art and Challenges," Proceedings of

Conference on Mobility and Computing (CMC 2012), Guilin,

China, 21-23 May, 2012

Narrow band (NB) or BB PLC for smart grid

BB PLC for transportation systems ?

NEW CHALLENGES ?

• Need of communication (embedded

system for safety and entertainment)

Interest : does not require a new

communication bus

• complexity

• cable weight

• vehicle weight

• fuel

2. PLC on vehicular network

Context : need of high-speed communication without adding wires and nodes, and existing 12V supply lines in all cars Objectives : Deduce, from intensive measurements, an accurate and stochastic model of vehicular PLC channel to validate the feasibility of in-vehicle Power Line Communication

Main difficulties : • EMC aspect : Impact of PLC systems on other services radiated and conducted emission limits limited transmission power for PLC systems; • PLC channel Noise : stationary and impulsive Transfer function : Multipath environment and time varying

Framework & project : PREDIT contract, in cooperation between VALEO, PSA-Peugeot-Citroën, IETR-INSA and IEMN-TELICE, the “Pole Sciences et Technologies pour la Sécurité dans les Transports” (Science and Technology for Safety in Transportation -ST2).



Deterministic propagation Model


Modeling and characterization of the propagation channel

CRIPTE : Succession of interconnected tubes. Each junction is characterized by its [S] matrix

Experimental approach

“Direct” : AB and DE

“Indirect” : AC, AE and AF

Architecture of the harness decided with car manufacturers

“Direct” : D4 D3

“Indirect” : D1 D2

total length = 260 m ; 116 terminal loads


• Good agreement between theory and experiment • Average insertion loss : 20dB for direct path scenario 35 dB for indirect path scenario


Modeling and characterization of the propagation channel

Comparison between experiments and deterministic modeling

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 010

-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Insertion gain (dB)

Pro

bab

ilit

y P

(X<

x)

direct path scenario, Measurement

direct path scenario, Theory

indirect path scenario, Measurement

indirect path scenario, Theory

Direct pathIndirect path


References : V. Degardin, M. Lienard, P. Degauque, E. Simon and P. Laly, “Impulsive Noise Characterization of In-Vehicle Power Line,” IEEE Trans. on Electromagn. Compat., vol. 50, n°4, pp. 861-868, 2008. M. Lienard, M.O. Carrion, V. Degardin, P. Degauque, “Modeling and analysis of in-vehicle power line communication channels”, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 57, no. 2, 670-679, 2008. M. Olivas Carrion, “ Communication sur le réseau d’énergie électrique d’un véhicule : modélisation et analyse du canal de propagation “, thèse de Doctorat, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Juillet 2006


Highlights: • Development of impulsive noise measurement system (4 *200 MHz) • Characterization of amplitude, duration , frequency, IAT of the pulses => influence of the driving condition (cruising, braking …) • Elaboration of impulsive noise model •Optimum modem impedance 50 100 • Identification of two scenarios (Direct path and Indirect path) • CISPR25 : PSD <-80 dBm/Hz • Theoretical result : 14 Mbit/s available in direct path scenario

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Time (µs)

Am

plitu

de

(V

)

Signal -60 dBm/Hz

Noise measurement

Context : The More (or even the All) Electric Aircraft Replacement of hydraulic and pneumatic energy sources by electrical ones :

Higher electrical power Changes in the voltage levels Increase in the wires mass

Increase data communication exchanges on A/C which leads to:

Increase in the number of wires Increase system complexity


3. PLC on avionic network

Framework & project : • TAUPE Project with European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2012) under Grant agreement number 213645 ; • DPCA contract “ISS Power and Control” in collaboration with Airbus and Safran Engineering Services ; • PhD. Thesis FIAC in collaboration with Sagem Défense, Safran Engineering Services and IETR from INSA – Rennes •International Campus on Safety and Intermodality in transportation systems (CISIT).

Cabin Lighting System

Landing gear

Flight control system (Spoiler, aileron)

3 possible applications in a commercial aircraft DO160 EMC constraints => CM current limit ICM

• a complex tree-shaped architecture of the harness • Signal crosstalk between adjacent systems in bundles

• Between a motor and an PWM inverter on a 3 phase AC Power cable • PWM impulsive noise

• PP and Point-to-Multipoint topology • HVDC network



10

A. PLC on Cabin Lighting System (CLS)

Typical architecture of a CLS : representative of tree-shaped of many aircraft harness configurations

Power: Secondary Power Distribution Box (SPDB) Illumination Ballast Units (IBUs). Typically, 1 power line feeds 8 to 24 IBUs - Each power line runs within a cable bundle Data (control command): Remote control (cabin crew) through the Cabin Interconnection Data System (CIDS) Decoder Encoder Unit (DEU)IBU idea : Dedicated transmission line can be removed by using PLC

SPDB

IBU IBU

Typically: 1 power line for 8 – 24 IBUs DEU

CIDS

Journée d'études "Will we be Smart by 2020 ?" - "Chaire ORES Smart Grids - Smart Metering"



A. PLC on Cabin Lighting System (CLS)

STEP 1 : Laboratory Test bench Simulation • Architecture • Statistical channel properties for the various links based on the theoretical modeling of the propagation on the harness • Modeling the PLC link → expected throughput or BER

Tree network architecture Maximum length SPDB-IBU: 43 m VT : multiplying connector PLC lines inside a cable bundle Number of wires in the bundle: 2 to 30 Total length of the wires: 706 m

SPDB : Distribution Box IBU : Illumination Unit



A. PLC on Cabin Lighting System (CLS) STEP 1 : Laboratory Test bench Simulation • Architecture • Statistical channel properties • Modeling the PLC link → expected throughput or BER

Important local fading due to multipath + coupling to the other wires

PLC frequency band

Statistical aspects on: • Path loss • Coherence bandwidth (band in which H(f) does not vary “appreciably”)




Comparison statistical behavior of the channel

Predicted results vs Measurements => Good agreement

Input for the simulation of the data transmission

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 010

-2

10-1

100

Insertion gain(dB)

Pro

bab

ilit

y P

(X<

x)

Exp 1.8-30 MHz

Theory 1.8-30 MHz




HPAV specifications

- 1155 subcarriers on [1.8-30] MHz (only 917 sc with spectrum mask)

- ½ Turbo convolutional code and channel interleaving

- compatible with the CLS channel characteristics

What’s about injection and noise power ?



A. PLC on Cabin Lighting System (CLS) STEP 1 : Laboratory Test bench Simulation

Amplitude of noise and signal current on the PLC line ?

• Noise due to systems directly connected to the PLC line is assumed to be well filtered

• Noise is due to the coupling of the disturbing currents flowing on the other wires


Modem Tx

ICM dist IDM signal

ICM signal

Bruit blanc

Modem Rx

IDM noise

Noise Amplitude ?

IDM noise = ICM dist + CF IdistIDM noise IDM signal = ICM signal + CFDM-CM signal Amplitude ?

Norme DO160 => ICM 20 dBµA/kHz

CT = Idm_noise / Icm_dist CF = ICM_signal / IDM_signal


A. PLC on Cabin Lighting System STEP 2 : Lab. Test bench Experiments

• Characteristics of the “Univ. Lille” modems – Design and development of “versatile” modems (based on FPGAs)

to be able to change:

• Signal processing, modulation scheme, etc.

– In the following HPAV standards

• Principle of the experiments (DM)

Modem

ICM noise

IDM signal ICM signal Current probe

White noise generator

1: Adjust the power of the modem ICM signal < 20 dBµA in the whole bandwidth 2: Adjust the power of the noise generator ICM noise < 20 dBµA in the whole bandwidth 3: Send 100 PHY Block (520 bytes) of OFDM frames, Store the Rx frames BER



A. PLC on Cabin Lighting System STEP 2 : Lab. Test bench Experiments

Throughput : Maximum bit rate to guarantee a BER <= 10-3


IBU 1 IBU 2–4 IBU 5–7 IBU 8–11 IBU 12–14

Distance (m) 11.6 12 –18 28 –32 35 –40 42–43

Number of VT 1 2 1 2 3

Throughput Exp. (Mbits/s) 98.5 98.5 98.5 94.6 91.4

Throughput Th. (Mbits/s) 98.5 98.5 98.4 94.5 78.4

maximum bit rate : 98.5 Mbits/s. Throughput : Maximum bit rate to guarantee a BER <= 10-3 Chosen values for CF and CT for a percentile to 80%

V. Degardin et al., "Investigation on power line communication in aircrafts", IET Commun., vol. 8, no. 10, 1868-1874, 2014. V. Degardin et al., “Theoretical approach to the feasibility of power line communication in aircrafts, “ IEEE Trans. vehicular tech, March 2013. Report of the weekly magazine "Air &Cosmos“ on Taupe project, “Vers une architecture électrique de l’avion mieux optimisée”, March 2012.

3. Performance on the avionic network

Highlights: • Measurements of PWM impulsive noise

=> influence of the cable length, motor speed, inverter voltage, and equipment.

• Measurement of insertion gain • Optimize the PLC link with noise processing • at 20 Mbit/s, a CSD > 56 dBµA/kHz is required

to obtain BER < 10-4

• Study and optimize the MIMO – PLC link (SFBC code) – bit rate of 5 Mbits/s : Gain of 7 to 10 dB

18

B. PLC on a 3 phase AC Power cable between a motor and a PWM inverter

Objectives: • Feasibility of a PLC communication on a 3 phase AC power cable • Decreasing the number of wires to be used and simplifying the architecture

Journée d'études "Will we be Smart by 2020 ?" - "Chaire ORES Smart Grids - Smart Metering"

References: V. Degardin, K. Kilani, L. Kone, M. Lienard, P. Degauque, "Feasibility of a high bit rate power line communication between an inverter and a motor", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 9, 4816-4823, 2014. K. Kilani, V. Degardin, P. Laly, M. Lienard, “Transmission on aircraft power line between an inverter and a motor : impulsive noise characterization“ , IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications, ISPLC 2011, Udine, Italy, April 3-6, pp. 301-304, 2011.


4. Conclusion

• Analysis of the feasibility of the PLC communication in vehicular and avionic environments • The scientific approach :

• Characterizing and modeling the networks (Insertion gain and noise) Impulsive noise measurement system (4 inputs 200 MHz) vehicular noise models deterministic model of avionic and vehicular representative harnesses validated by measurements

• Modeling and optimizing the PLC link to predict BER and throughputs PLC simulation tools based on OPERA and HPAV specifications

• Validating the theoretical results with configurable modems versatile modems

• Applicability of PLC to aircraft: Need to fulfill regulatory requirements for reliability, susceptibility and robustness

– EMC susceptibility standards

– After an interruption of the link, PLC communication must be reestablished t<1ms

– Low latency

=> HPAV specifications not adequate. Simplify the transmission scheme while guaranteeing the prescribed maximum value of the BER. Optimize channel coding and modulation

• New application : default detection, cable monitoring, arc tracking avoidance

5. Future works



Thank You.

by virginie dégardin iemn-telice (telecommunications ... ores... · • study and optimize the...

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