by masayuki sagisakamasayuki sagisaka, phd. research … · 2011. 11. 24. · efb palm fibre palm...

Research Institute of Science for Safety & Sustainability

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology

Introduction to lifecycle analysis (LCA),GHG emissions from bioenergy, and the international and regional policy context

11) ) What is LCA? (What is LCA? (attributionalattributional LCA LCA ⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔ consequential LCA)consequential LCA)2) Why is it relevant to policymaking ?2) Why is it relevant to policymaking ?3) What is the LCA Research Centre, AIST, and what does it do? 3) What is the LCA Research Centre, AIST, and what does it do?

Capacity Building Workshop on GHG LCA and Policy ApplicationsTokyo International Forum, 15 November 2011

独立行政法人独立行政法人独立行政法人独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門

⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔

3) What is the LCA Research Centre, AIST, and what does it do? 3) What is the LCA Research Centre, AIST, and what does it do? 4) What lessons learned through human and institutional capacity 4) What lessons learned through human and institutional capacity

development?development?

by by Masayuki SAGISAKAMasayuki SAGISAKA, PhD.

Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS),National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sci. & Tech. (AIST), Japan

1



Concept of LCA for Biomass UtilisationConcept of LCA for Biomass Utilisation

SeedlingSeedling

Cultivation Cultivation

HarvestHarvest

TransportationTransportation

Fuels for MachinesFuels for MachinesWater, Electricity, etc.Water, Electricity, etc.

dittosdittos

dittosdittos

Fuels for Vehicles,Fuels for Vehicles,etc.etc.

COCO22NONOxxSOSOxxNN22OOCHCH44……


TransformationTransformation

UsageUsage


DisposalDisposal

Electricity, Chemicals,Electricity, Chemicals,Steam, Fuels, etc.Steam, Fuels, etc.

Fuels for Vehicles,Fuels for Vehicles,etc. etc.

Carbon NeutralCarbon Neutral= no = no COCO22 emission...?emission...?

2



Example: Input Energies for Biomass ProductionExample: Input Energies for Biomass Production(per 1 ton of dried wood chip)(per 1 ton of dried wood chip)

PreparationPreparation

Seedling/CultivationSeedling/CultivationFertiliser, Chemicals, MachineriesFertiliser, Chemicals, Machineries

HarvestHarvest

Diesel Oil 7.7 Diesel Oil 7.7 ℓℓNatural Gas 8.5 mNatural Gas 8.5 m33

Electricity 8.3 kWhElectricity 8.3 kWh

Diesel Oil 5.8 Diesel Oil 5.8 ℓℓ

Diesel Oil 9.5 Diesel Oil 9.5 ℓℓ

Cooperation with Indonesia Cooperation with Indonesia information exchangeinformation exchange



Shredding/DryingShredding/Drying


Diesel Oil 11 Diesel Oil 11 ℓℓ

Diesel Oil 5.8 Diesel Oil 5.8 ℓ/kmℓ/km

Heavy Oil 51 Heavy Oil 51 ℓℓElectricity 0.083 kWhElectricity 0.083 kWh

Data Source; Report of New Energy and Industrial Data Source; Report of New Energy and Industrial

Technology Development OrganizationTechnology Development Organization

NEDONEDO--GETGET--9603 (1996)9603 (1996)

0.0130 kg0.0130 kg--CO2CO2/MJ/MJ--wood chipwood chip0.0034 kg0.0034 kg--CO2CO2/MJ/MJ--wood chipwood chip

by AISTby AIST--LCALCA

3



0000 0.020.020.020.02 0.040.040.040.04 0.060.060.060.06 0.080.080.080.08 0.10.10.10.1B iom assB iom assB iom assB iom assLN GLN GLN GLN GO ilO ilO ilO ilC oalC oalC oalC oal

Before Conb.Com b.COCO22 Emission byEmission byPreparation & CombustionPreparation & Combustionof Each Energy Resourcesof Each Energy Resources


0000 0.020.020.020.02 0.040.040.040.04 0.060.060.060.06 0.080.080.080.08 0.10.10.10.1kg-CO 2/M J

00000.50.50.50.511111.51.51.51.522222.52.52.52.5

10101010 20202020 30303030 40404040 50505050Efficiency %Efficiency %Efficiency %Efficiency %kg-COkg-COkg-COkg-CO2222/kWh/kWh/kWh/kWh

Biom assLNGEfficiency ofEfficiency ofElectric Power GenerationElectric Power Generationand Its COand Its CO22 IntensityIntensity

4



Change in SystemChange in System

AfforestationAfforestation

Cultivation Cultivation

HarvestHarvest


Fuels for MachinesFuels for MachinesWater, Electricity, etc.Water, Electricity, etc.

dittosdittos

dittosdittos

Fuels for Vehicles,Fuels for Vehicles,etc.etc.

CharcoalCharcoal& W.V. from& W.V. from

Alternative(sAlternative(s))

+ Building+ BuildingMaterial from Material from Other ForrestOther Forrest


TransformationTransformation

UsageUsage


DisposalDisposal

Electricity, Chemicals,Electricity, Chemicals,Steam, Fuels, etc.Steam, Fuels, etc.

Fuels for Vehicles,Fuels for Vehicles,etc. etc.

Charcoal + W.V.Charcoal + W.V.


UsageUsage

W.V.: wood vinegar (W.V.: wood vinegar (pyroligneouspyroligneous acid)acid)

X

Oil MiningOil Mining

Oil RefineryOil Refinery

5



PetroleumPetroleum

DisinfectantDisinfectant

Forest/WoodForest/Wood CharcoalCharcoal

Wood VinegarWood Vinegar

GasolineGasoline

Conventional UsageConventional Usage

Evaluation of Evaluation of Consequential ImpactConsequential Impact

Water TreatmentWater Treatment

TimberTimber Building MaterialBuilding Material

独立行政法人独立行政法人独立行政法人独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門Forest/WoodForest/Wood EthanolEthanol

PetroleumPetroleum ChemicalsChemicals Water TreatmentWater Treatment

DisinfectantDisinfectant

Conventional UsageConventional Usage

New UsageNew Usage

GasolineGasoline

6

Increase of Chemical Production

may cause Change in Optimized Petroleum

Production System …..

TimberTimber Building MaterialBuilding MaterialForest/WoodForest/Wood



LC-GHG Emission Reduction Requirements and Adopted Method By M. Sagisaka (a table pro forma)

EU UK USA Japan GBEP ERIA

Regulation or

Method

Renewable Energy Directive

(RED)

The Renewable Fuels Agency (RFA), RTFO

Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS-2)

Sophisticated Methods of

Energy Supply Structures

Common Methodological Framework for GHG Lifecycle

Analysis of Bioenergy

Guidelines to Assess

Sustainability of Biomass

Utilisation in East Asia

GHG reduction >35%

>50% 2017~

>50% >20%

>50%(Advanced)

>50% n.a. n.a.

独立行政法人独立行政法人独立行政法人独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門 7

>60%(Cellulose)

Method ALCA CLCA/ALCA CLCA ALCA/CLCA CLCA/ALCA CLCA/ALCA

IDLUC excl. excl. incl. excl. incl. excl.

POINTS:Analyzed data

*actually collected data, theoretical data, stat. data…?Estimated data

*allocation by weight, energy, economy, or…?*system expansion (applied economic model)



•• FY 2004FY 2004--20062006

•• METI, MOFA, MEXT, etc. (all Japan)METI, MOFA, MEXT, etc. (all Japan)

•• Technology DevelopmentTechnology DevelopmentEvaluation MethodologyEvaluation Methodology

ASEAN Biomass ProjectASEAN Biomass ProjectASEAN Biomass ProjectASEAN Biomass ProjectASEAN Biomass ProjectASEAN Biomass ProjectASEAN Biomass ProjectASEAN Biomass Project


Evaluation MethodologyEvaluation Methodologyenvironment, economy, culture, etc.environment, economy, culture, etc.

Information ExchangeInformation Exchangeex. ex. BiomassBiomass--ASIA ASIA w/sw/s

LCA for Biomass LCA for Biomass UtilisationUtilisation

8



独立行政法人独立行政法人独立行政法人独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門11stst Meeting LCA in ASEAN Biomass Project Meeting LCA in ASEAN Biomass Project 2626--2828thth Oct. ’04, Tsukuba, JapanOct. ’04, Tsukuba, Japan 9



NSTDANSTDA/TEI/TEI/JGSEE/JGSEE

Cooperation with Cooperation with ThailandThailand

独立行政法人独立行政法人独立行政法人独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所産業技術総合研究所安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門安全科学研究部門Wang KanaiWang Kanai((KanchanaKanchana--buriburi))26th Jan. 2005

/JGSEE/JGSEE23rd-26th

Nov. 2004

Ibaraki, Chiba Ibaraki, Chiba and Yokohamaand Yokohama29th-31st Mar. 2005

10



ShreddingShreddingShreddingShredding Wood Chips CarbonizationCarbonizationCarbonizationCarbonization

Cooperation with SingaporeCooperation with Singapore 2005.2.21 Site visit & Data collectionNational Univ. SingaporeNational Univ. Singapore､､､､､､､､

Engineering Manufacturing Services (S) Pte LtdEngineering Manufacturing Services (S) Pte LtdNew Energy Corp. (S) Pte LtdNew Energy Corp. (S) Pte Ltd


Charcoal ChipsCharcoal ChipsCharcoal ChipsCharcoal Chips

PackagingPackagingPackagingPackaging Packed Packed Packed Packed

BriquettesBriquettesBriquettesBriquettes

Mixing/BriquettingMixing/BriquettingMixing/BriquettingMixing/BriquettingCharcoal BriquetteCharcoal BriquetteCharcoal BriquetteCharcoal Briquette

DryingDryingDryingDrying

11



Cooperation with MalaysiaCooperation with Malaysia 2005.6.29 workshopSIRIM+MPOB(+UPM)

•• Fresh Fruit Bunch ProductionFresh Fruit Bunch Production

•• Crude Palm Oil ProductionCrude Palm Oil Production

•• Bio Diesel Fuel ProductionBio Diesel Fuel Production

•• BDF UtilisationBDF Utilisation

CPOCPO

ProductionProduction

FFB

Steam

Light Oil

CPO

N2O

CO2

Electricity

EFB

Palm Fibre

Palm Shell

Residue

Palm Oil Mill EffluentWaste Water

Kernel5.8t

2.3t

6kg

80kWh

1t

0.32t

1.7t

1.7t

0.35t

0.18t

3t

CPOCPO

ProductionProduction

FFB

Steam

Light Oil

CPO

N2O

CO2

Electricity

EFB

Palm Fibre

Palm Shell

Residue

Palm Oil Mill EffluentWaste Water

Kernel5.8t

2.3t

6kg

80kWh

1t

0.32t

1.7t

1.7t

0.35t

0.18t

3t


Cooperation with the PhilippinesCooperation with the Philippines

2005.2.23 LCA Workshop in DLSU

•• Biomass & Coal CombustionBiomass & Coal Combustion

•• BDF EvaluationBDF Evaluation

12



Country Organization Topic Since

Thailand

MTEC•Support of national database development •Exchange knowledge, etc.

1998-

Chiang Mai Univ.•Data collection, Biomass LCA (case study)•Development of new inventory creation methodology

2010-

Malaysia UPM, SIRIM •Support of database development 1998-

ChinaSuzhou Univ. Sci. &Tech.

•Data collection in China•Development of new inventory creation methodology

2006-

Collaboration on LCA between Asian countries and AIST


&Tech. •Development of new inventory creation methodology

South Korea KEITI/KITECH•Exchange knowledge•Data exchange

2009-

Taiwan ITRI •Exchange knowledge 1998-

Vietnam Da Nang University •Data collection of electricity and silk 2010-

Indonesia IPLHI, BPPT•Data collection of electricity and materials•Material flow analysis

1998-

PhilippinesLa Salle Univ., UPLB

•Industrial Ecology•Biomass LCA (case study)

2002-

Singapore NUS, ASTAR•Data collection of electricity and materials•Biomass LCA (case study)

1998-

by masayuki sagisakamasayuki sagisaka, phd. research … · 2011. 11. 24. · efb palm fibre palm...

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