by: jomar b. pendaliday. introduction basic unit of lifelife complex arrangement of chemicals...
TRANSCRIPT
By: Jomar B. Pendaliday
Introduction basic unit of lifeComplex arrangement of chemicalsdiscovered by Robert HookeThe word cell comes from the Latin cellula,
meaning "a small room“a typical cell size is 10 µm and a typical cell
mass is 1 nanogramCytology-study of cell
The cell structure
Animal Cell Structures and Functions
Nucleus - Large Oval body near the centre of the cell. - The control centre for all activity. - Surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
Nucleoplasm - is the protoplasm in the nucleus. - contains genetic material ---> CHROMOSOMES (DNA)
Nucleolus - is found in the nucleus. - contains more genetic information (RNA)
Cell Membrane - the outer boundary of the cell. - it separates the cell from other cells. - it is porous ---> allows molecules to pass through.
Cell Wall ( Plant Cells Only ) - non living structure that surrounds the plant cell. - protects + supports the cell. - made up of a tough fibre called cellulose.
Cyto Plasm - cell material outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane. - clear thick fluid. - contains structures called organelles.
Vacuoles - are clear fluid sacs that act as storage areas for food, minerals, and waste. - in plant cell the vacuoles are large and mostly filled with water. This gives the plant support. - in animal cells the vacuoles are much smaller.
Mitochondria - power house of the cell. - centre of respiration of the cell. - they release energy for cell functions.
Chloro Plasts ( Plant cells only ) - contains a green pigment known as chlorophyll which is important for photosynthesis.
Ribosomes - tiny spherical bodies that help make proteins. - found in the cyto plasm or attached to the endo plasmic reticulum.
Endo Plasmic Reticulum ( ER ) - systems of membranes throughout the cyto plasm. - it connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. - passageway for material moving though the cell.
Golgi Bodies - tube like structures that have tiny sacs at their ends. - they help package protein.
Lysosomes - " suicide sacs " - small structures that contain enzymes which are used in digestion. - if a lysosome were to burst it could destroy the cell.
Similarities
Plant cell Animal cell
Nucleus present present
Cytoplasm present present
Endoplasmic reticulum(smooth and rough)
present present
Ribosomes present present
Mitochondria present present
Golgi apparatus present present
Microtubules/ microfilaments
present present
flagella present present
Differences
Plant cell Animal cell
Cilla Present It is very rare
Shape Round( irregular shpe) Rectangular(fixed shape)
Chloroplast None Present
Vacuole One or more small vacuoles
One , large central vacuole taking up to 90% of cell volume
Centrioles Present Only in lower plants
Plastids None Present
Cell wall None Present
Plasma membrane Only cell membrane Cell wall and cell membrane
Lysosomes Lysosomes occur in cytoplasm
Lysosomes usually not evident
Eukaryotic cella. The nuclear body is bounded by a nuclear
membrane having pores connecting it with the endoplasmic reticulum .
It contains one or more paired, linear chromosomes (def) composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated with histone proteins (def)).
A nucleolus (def) is present. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed and assembled in the nucleolus.
The nuclear body is called a nucleus (def).
The cytoplasmic membrane is a fluid phospholipid bilayer containing sterols (def).
The membrane is capable of endocytosis (def) (phagocytosis and pinocytosis) and exocytosis (def).
The nucleus divides by mitosis (def).Haploid (1N) sex cells in diploid (def) or 2N
organisms are produced through meiosis (def).Plant cells, algae, and fungi have cell walls,
usually composed of cellulose or chitin. Eukaryotic cell walls are never composed of peptidoglycan (def)
Animal cells and protozoans lack cell walls
Prokaryotic cell The nuclear body is not bounded by a nuclear
membrane It usually contains one circular
chromosome (def) composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated with histone-like proteins.
There is no nucleolus.The nuclear body is called a nucleoid (def).
The cell usually divides by binary fission (def). There is no mitosis.
Prokaryotic cells are haploid (def). Meiosis is not needed.Members of the domain Archae have cell walls composed
of protein, a complex carbohydrate, or unique molecules resembling but not the same as peptidoglycan.
The cytoplasmic membrane ; is a fluid phospholipid bilayer usually lacking sterols . Bacteria generally contain sterol-like molecules called hopanoids.
The membrane is incapable of endocytosis and exocytosis.
There are no chloroplasts. Photosynthesis usually takes place in infoldings or extensions derived from the cytoplasmic membrane.
There is no mitosis and no mitotic spindle.They contain actin-like proteins that, along
with the cell wall, contribute to cell shape.
The end
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