by hans chr soerensen, phd, vice presidentarchive.northsearegion.eu/files/user/file/ivb...

Ocean EnergyOcean EnergyBy Hans Chr Soerensen, PhD, Vice President

Aberdeen September 2008 2Aberdeen September 2008 2

Middelgrunden 40 MW last project H. C. Sørensen

North Sea Region ProgrammeNorth Sea Region Programme


Relations to two IEE programmeRelations to two IEE programme


Wave Energy Planning and Marketing

SPatial Deployment of offshore WIND Energy in Europe

Windspeed


Ocean Energy PotentialOcean Energy Potential

Worlds electricity consumption 16,000 TWh/year Worlds electricity consumption 16,000 TWh/year

•• The theoretical global resource is estimated The theoretical global resource is estimated to be in the order of:to be in the order of:–– 8,000 8,000 -- 80,000 TWh/year for wave energy;80,000 TWh/year for wave energy;–– 800 TWh/year for tidal current energy;800 TWh/year for tidal current energy;–– 2,000 TWh/year for salinity gradient energy; 2,000 TWh/year for salinity gradient energy; –– 10,000 TWh/year for ocean thermal energy10,000 TWh/year for ocean thermal energy

Source: EC SET plan, World Energy Council



• Oceans cover 3/4 of earth’s surface

• 0.1% ocean renewable energy is equivalent to 5 times world demand

• 50% of the worlds electricity consumption can be covered by wave energy

Wind

generation

Wave propagation

Wind-Sea interaction under the influence of

gravity

Seabed Source: EC Wave Net 2002 and World Energy Council

The origin of Ocean Wave EnergyThe origin of Ocean Wave Energy



Seawave SlotSeawave Slot--Cone generator, NorwayCone generator, Norway

Technology maturityTechnology maturity

•• The state of the art of ocean energy sectorThe state of the art of ocean energy sector–– Has matured significantly over the last 5 yearsHas matured significantly over the last 5 years–– Stage of Development Stage of Development -- Early CommercializationEarly Commercialization

•• A number of large scale test installations are either A number of large scale test installations are either developed or under development todaydeveloped or under development today



Wave Energy Conversion TechniquesWave Energy Conversion Techniques

Buoy

Seabed

Wave Direction

Heaving Devices

Air Column

Wells Turbine

Seabed

Concrete Structure

Air Flow

Generator

Wave Direction

Oscillating Water Column



State of the Art State of the Art -- Large Scale DemoLarge Scale Demo

OceanLynx, AustraliaOceanLynx, Australia2004, 450 kW2004, 450 kW

Power Buoy, USAPower Buoy, USA2005, 40kW2005, 40kW



PICO Plant, PortugalPICO Plant, Portugal1999, 400kW1999, 400kW

LIMPET, Wavegen, UKLIMPET, Wavegen, UK2000, 500kW2000, 500kW




Wave Energy Conversion TechniquesWave Energy Conversion Techniques

Buoyant segments

Seabed

Wave Direction

Pitching Devices

Pelamis, Ocean Power Delivery Ltd (OPD), ScotlandTank tests in small scales (1:80, 1:35, 1:20)Open sea tests 1:7 (2001), 1:1 (2004), 750 kW schemeNorth Sea Region ProgrammeNorth Sea Region Programme


Wavebob, IrelandWavebob, Ireland2006, 200kW2006, 200kW


Wave Roller, FinlandWave Roller, Finland2006, 13 kW2006, 13 kW



Pelamis, UKPelamis, UK2005, 750kW2005, 750kW

AquaBuoy, USAAquaBuoy, USA2007, 200kW2007, 200kW




AWS, PortugalAWS, Portugal2001, 2MW2001, 2MW

WaveDragon, DenmarkWaveDragon, Denmark2003, 20kW2003, 20kW



Aberdeen September 2008 Aberdeen September 2008 1414

Wave energy resource

• Annual average energy flux in MW per km of wave crest in the deep ocean

Wave Energy Centre

7700

4030

40

2040 5040

3020

60

60 40

20

2030

5070

2040

100

1530 2020

10

20

30

10

30

2020

70

20

30

Waves are easy to forecast (6 days)Sea states are very stable

•“Easy” integration in the electrical gridHigh energy density per m2


US potentialUS potential



Tidal Tidal Conversion TechniquesConversion Techniques

240 MW La Range, France 1966

100 MW China and 20 MW Canada

Marine Current Turbine, UKCornwall, 2003

Potential DTI, UK, 2004



Tidal Tidal Conversion TechniquesConversion Techniques

Stingray, UK 2004

Hammerfest, Norway, 2004



Tidal range in metersTidal range in meters



OTEC ThermalOTEC Thermal

Between + 10 0



210 kW test plant Hawaii210 kW test plant Hawaii

1993-1998, source Vega



Where are we today?Where are we today?

•• Wave energy (grid connected):Wave energy (grid connected):–– 0.4 MW and 0.5 MW OWC at the coast Pico and Islay0.4 MW and 0.5 MW OWC at the coast Pico and Islay–– 0.2 MW Finavera at the coast of Oregon, US 0.2 MW Finavera at the coast of Oregon, US –– 2.25 MW Pelamis of Portugal coast by 20082.25 MW Pelamis of Portugal coast by 2008–– 7 MW Wave Dragon of Wales coast by 20097 MW Wave Dragon of Wales coast by 2009–– …………

•• Tidal:Tidal:–– Barriers: 240 MW La Range, F by 1966 and 20 MW CanadaBarriers: 240 MW La Range, F by 1966 and 20 MW Canada–– Current: 1 MW MCT of North Ireland by 2007Current: 1 MW MCT of North Ireland by 2007--20082008

•• Ocean Thermal:Ocean Thermal:–– 0.2 MW Hawaii 1993 0.2 MW Hawaii 1993 --19981998

Several devices under prototype testing

Conclusion: to reach a considerable capacity is a question of will!



Wave DragonWave Dragon principleprinciple

Turbine outlet

Reservoir

Waves overtopping the doubly curved ramp

The Wave Dragon is a slack-moored wave energy converter that can be deployed alone or in parks wherever a sufficient wave climate and a water

depth of more than 25 m is found.

Climate Power production12 kW/m 1½ MW 4 GWh/y/unit 24 kW/m 4 MW 12 GWh/y/unit36 kW/m 7 MW 20 GWh/y/unit48 kW/m 12 MW 35 GWh/y/unit

Wave reflector



Power produced to the grid since 2003, in total Power produced to the grid since 2003, in total 20,000 hours20,000 hours



• 4 articulated tubes (d = 3.5 m; each 40 m long);

• 3 PTO hydraulic units of 250 kW each

• Deployment in Portugal of 2.2 MW today

Pelamis 750 kW



Danish wave devices in the North Sea Danish wave devices in the North Sea Before 2011 in the North Sea



Marine Current Turbine 1.2 MWMarine Current Turbine 1.2 MW


Today 2 propellers Strangford LoughNorthern Ireland

Devon 2003


Alternative use of ocean energy to powerAlternative use of ocean energy to power

•Desalination

•Biomass

•Hydrogen

Source: C-Questor Plc

The wave-powered desalination plant

Seawater

Product

Brine flow

RO

Accumulat

Pressure exchanger -

Pressure

Oyster

Source: Queens University Belfast



TrendsTrends

•• Industry development from R&D to Industry development from R&D to commercilisationcommercilisation

•• Installation of MW range ocean energy Installation of MW range ocean energy farmsfarms

•• Increased public awareness of OE benefitsIncreased public awareness of OE benefits•• Field data collection of environmental Field data collection of environmental

impactsimpacts•• Delivery of OE electricity to the GRIDDelivery of OE electricity to the GRID



ChallengesChallenges

•• Main challenges of OE systems design is Main challenges of OE systems design is to achieve:to achieve:–– High reliability and survivabilityHigh reliability and survivability–– Market levels for cost of energyMarket levels for cost of energy

•• Commercially viable leading technology is Commercially viable leading technology is yet to evolve yet to evolve

•• Contrary to wind different OE conversion Contrary to wind different OE conversion technologies will be used at different technologies will be used at different locationslocations



Rendition of an AquaBuOY farm

Artist impression of a field of Lunar Energy RTT units

The future The future

•• Highly dependent on financial support schemesHighly dependent on financial support schemes•• Can reach 10,000 MW of installed capacity by Can reach 10,000 MW of installed capacity by

2020 with financial support equal to that 2020 with financial support equal to that available for other emergining RE sectorsavailable for other emergining RE sectors



PerspectivesPerspectives

EREC / Greenpeace scenario:

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

5 31 64 111 151

TWh/year

Is that much? - 1%. By 2050 like wind today!

Linear development which can be done much faster as no scaling needed


Contact InformationContact Information: : Tel : +32 (0)2 400 10 40 Tel : +32 (0)2 400 10 40

www.euwww.eu--oea.euoea.eu

A Message to Policy MakersA Message to Policy Makers

•• OE needs their helpOE needs their help–– Just as any new industry, OE needs a financial Just as any new industry, OE needs a financial

and political boostand political boost

•• OE has a potential to satisfy the world OE has a potential to satisfy the world energy needs with OUT harmful emissionsenergy needs with OUT harmful emissions

•• OE brings economic benefitsOE brings economic benefits•• OE has a potential to generate energy @ OE has a potential to generate energy @

costs equal to fossil fuelscosts equal to fossil fuels



Wave DragonWave Dragon –– published datapublished dataWave Dragon unit power production

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

kW/m

GW

h/y

4 MW & 260 m wide

7 MW & 300 m wide

11 MW & 390 m wide

15 MW & 390 m wide

Wave climate First device After deployment of 100’s

24 kW/m 0.11 €/kWh 0.054 €/kWh 36 kW/m 0.083 €/kWh 0.040 €/kWh 48 kW/m 0.061 €/kWh 0.030 €/kWh Table 8.2: Wave Dragon expected cost in €/ kWh.

Wave climate First device After deployment of 100’s

24 kW/m 4,000 €/kW 2,300 €/kW 36 kW/m 3,200 €/kW 1,875 €/kW 48 kW/m 2,700 €/kW 1,575 €/kW

Table 8.1: Wave Dragon expected capital cost in €/ kW price.

North Sea Region North Sea Region ProgrammeProgramme

by hans chr soerensen, phd, vice presidentarchive.northsearegion.eu/files/user/file/ivb...

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