By: Group FourBy: Group Four8-268-26

Rupert’s Land: Canada’s Interest in it Red River Resistance and Louis Riel Métis’ List of Rights Manitoba Act of 1870 New Caledonia (British Columbia) Newfoundland and the anti-confederation song Prince Edward Island Act of 1873 The Pacific Scandal Alexander Mackenzie Sir John A. Returns: National Policy The Canadian Pacific Railway The Need for the North West Mounted Police Seven Treaties Bibliography

Rupert’s Land and the Act of Rupert’s Land and the Act of 1868

Good Farmland New farmers started to look farther

west, away from Ontario Canadian government’s goals

Expand Canada from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean

Losing Rupert’s Land to the United States of America

Americans would gain control of Rupert’s Land

The Act of 1868 Allowed British government to

transfer Hudson’s Bay Company lands to the Canadian government (1869)

Hudson’s Bay company also kept its fur forts and was given large land grants in the West

After gaining control of land, Canadian government decided to call this area the North-West Territories

Parts of Minnesota and North Dakota, all of Manitoba, most of Saskatchewan, northern Alberta, eastern Nunavut territory, and northern parts of Ontario and Quebec

Red River Resistance and Louis Red River Resistance and Louis RielRiel • Name given to events

surrounding actions of provisional government (present-day Manitoba)

• He worked with Métis to revise List of Rights

• Louis Riel became leader of Métis

• Prime goal was to bargain with Canadian government to keep/up bring Métis land and culture rights

• First act was to stop newly appointed lieutenant governor from entering Red River-1869

• After seizing Fort Garry, Métis had control of settlement (no battles took place)

Governing Council (Louis Riel third from left in center row)

Métis List of Rights Métis List of Rights Outlined a list of conditions that

they wanted the government to meet and ensure would be followed

The right to: Elect their own legislative

assembly Right to approve or reject any

federal government laws affecting Red River area

Elect local officials such as sheriffs or constables

Have land set aside for schools, roads, public buildings

Have Winnipeg connected to nearest railroad

Amnesty be granted for actions occurring during ResistanceAll existing customs, rights and privileges remain after joining Canada Basically, called for Provincial status as defined under British North America Act

Manitoba Act of 1870Manitoba Act of 1870 Created and entered

Confederation after Red River Resistance-1870

Métis wanted area to become province because provinces had greater control over provincial affairs (more than territories)

Major defeat for federal government

Many point from List of Rights became part of Act

Both French and English were to become official languages

Government slow in distributing promised land grants to Métis

New Caledonia (British New Caledonia (British Columbia)Columbia)

Had few fur forts and was unnecessary to declare it a colony.

1858- gold rush in lower Fraser River brought over 130, 000 miners to New Caledonia.

1858- New Caledonia became a colony and was renamed as British Columbia.

1860- main industries left were farming, coal mining, and lumbering.which could not make up for lack of gold.

British afraid that Americans would take British Columbia

British concluded that British Columbia should join Canada in order to preserve its link with Britain

British Colony of Newfoundland British Colony of Newfoundland (and Anti-confederation Song)(and Anti-confederation Song)

People not interested in confederation

British showed no interest in growth of Newfoundland’s population growth (settlement not encouraged and confederation rejected)

Newfoundland not want confederation because:

Afraid of losing government funded separate schools

Against political changed that might increase taxes or restrict freedom to choose own trading partners

They were pleased that Great Britain had granted responsible government and didn’t want to abandon it

Newfoundland joined confederation in 1949

Men, hurrah for our own native Isle, Newfoundland,

Not a stranger shall hold one inch of her strand;Her face turns to Britain, her Back to the Gulf,Come near at your peril, Canadian Wolf!

Cheap tea and molasses they say they will give,All taxes taken off that the poor man may live -Cheap nails and cheap lumber, our coffins to make,And homespun to mend our old clothes when they break.

If they take off all taxes, how then will they meetThe heavy expenses on Army and fleet? Just give them the chance to get into the scrap, They'll show you the trick with pen, ink and red tape.

Would you barter the right that your fathers have won?No! let them descend from father to son.For a few thousand dollars Canadian gold

Don't let it be said that our birthright was sold.

British Colony of Prince Edward British Colony of Prince Edward Island Act of 1873Island Act of 1873

Confederation: July Confederation: July 1, 18731, 1873

No celebration or No celebration or even interest in even interest in confederationconfederation

Seventh province Seventh province to join to join confederation confederation

The Pacific ScandalThe Pacific Scandal April 1873- government April 1873- government

charged with accepting charged with accepting illegal funds from Sir illegal funds from Sir Hugh Allan Hugh Allan

In turn for payment, In turn for payment, Allan assured he would Allan assured he would win Lucrative contract win Lucrative contract to build Canadian to build Canadian Pacific RailwayPacific Railway

Awareness of incident, Awareness of incident, proven by Opposition proven by Opposition party, known as Pacific party, known as Pacific ScandalScandal

Alexander MackenzieAlexander Mackenzie Prime minister (1873 Prime minister (1873

&1878)- Liberals&1878)- Liberals 1873- Macdonald’s 1873- Macdonald’s

government fell as government fell as result of Pacific result of Pacific Scandal Scandal

Became Canada’s Became Canada’s second prime minister second prime minister

Established:Established: Supreme court of Supreme court of

CanadaCanada Royal militaryRoyal military Practice pf voting Practice pf voting

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Sir John A. Returns: National Sir John A. Returns: National PolicyPolicy

Protective tariffs (highly Protective tariffs (highly important duties/taxes):important duties/taxes): Encourage industrial Encourage industrial

development by allowing development by allowing raw mtrls. in cheaplyraw mtrls. in cheaply

CDN industries would sell CDN industries would sell more of own goodsmore of own goods

National railwayNational railway Take settlers to West and Take settlers to West and

bring crops to Eastbring crops to East 1880- Canadian Pacific 1880- Canadian Pacific

Railway Railway Transcontinental railway Transcontinental railway

(Montreal to B.C)(Montreal to B.C) Settlement of WestSettlement of West

Dominion Land Act- gave Dominion Land Act- gave settlers 64 hectare land settlers 64 hectare land for $10 registration feefor $10 registration fee

The Expensive Canadian Pacific The Expensive Canadian Pacific Railway (1885)Railway (1885)

Part of Macdonald’s Part of Macdonald’s policy:policy: “From Sea to Sea”

With railway, settlers came into Western Canada

Fulfilled CDN government’s promise to bring B.C. into confederation

William Cornelius Van Horne- made it all possible

The Need for the North West The Need for the North West Mounted Police of 1873Mounted Police of 1873

Government concerned about American settlers coming North and making north-west part of Canada belong to U.S.A

Incident on Cypress Hills showed need for police force

Accomplishments: Force whiskey-smugglers

to leave Tracked down

lawbreakers Gained trust of Native

leaders Assistance in treaty

negotiations with Western tribes

Seven Treaties (1871-1877)Seven Treaties (1871-1877) Prime minister John A.

Macdonald believed that the first people should be assimilated or become Canadian

In 1869 Canadian government bought Hudson’s Bay Company’s claiming to Rupert’s Land

4 treaties signed between 1889 and 1921

In 1876 first Indian Act was passed

Importance to NationhoodImportance to Nationhood Rupert’s Land act: expanded from Pacific to Atlantic oceanRupert’s Land act: expanded from Pacific to Atlantic ocean Red River Resistance: Creation of Manitoba Red River Resistance: Creation of Manitoba Métis list of rights: Many ideas from list of rights is claimed as our Métis list of rights: Many ideas from list of rights is claimed as our

own todayown today New Caledonia: allowed Canada to keep link with Britain and let New Caledonia: allowed Canada to keep link with Britain and let

B.C. join Dominion of CanadaB.C. join Dominion of Canada Newfoundland: useful fishing industry and establishment of sixth Newfoundland: useful fishing industry and establishment of sixth

provinceprovince P.E.I: we can now use Atlantic Coast as entrance for immigrationP.E.I: we can now use Atlantic Coast as entrance for immigration Pacific Scandal: opened us up to option of Alexander Mackenzie Pacific Scandal: opened us up to option of Alexander Mackenzie

(conservative)(conservative) Alexander Mackenzie: kept good relationship with Native people Alexander Mackenzie: kept good relationship with Native people Canadian Pacific Railway: built easy transportation from coast to Canadian Pacific Railway: built easy transportation from coast to

coast coast