by: ashley & kendra
DESCRIPTION
Parkinson Disease. By: Ashley & Kendra. What is it?. Parkinson Disease (PD ) a progressive disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's motor skills, speech, and other functions. Causes. The cause of Parkinson Disease remains unknown. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
BY: ASHLEY & KENDRA
Parkinson Disease
What is it?Parkinson Disease (PD) a progressive disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's
motor skills, speech, and other functions.
Causes The cause of Parkinson Disease
remains unknown.
Many experts think that the disease is caused by a combination of
genetic and environmental factors.
Scientists have identified aging as an important cause.
Genetic Factors
About 15 to 25 percent of people with Parkinson’s report having a
relative with the disease.
Researchers have discovered several gene mutations that can cause the disease directly, but
these affect only a small number of families.
Environmental Factors
Some scientists have suggested that Parkinson disease may result from exposure to an environmental toxin or injury.
Researchers have identified several factors that may be linked to Parkinson’s.
rural living well water manganese pesticides
Some studies have demonstrated that prolonged occupational exposure to certain chemicals can be a trigger as well.
Dopamine
A substance called dopamine acts as a messenger between two brain areas, the
substantia nigra and the corpus striatum to produce smooth, controlled movements.
When the amount of dopamine is too low, communication between the substantia nigra and corpus striatum becomes ineffective, and
movement becomes impaired.
The greater the loss of dopamine, the worse the movement-related symptoms
The Brain
FactsParkinson Disease is the second
most common neurodegenerative disorder.
It is also the most common movement disorder.
In the United States, about 1 million people are affected by Parkinson Disease and about 5
million worldwide.
Primary Symptoms
•Primary symptoms include:• tremor • stiffness• slowness • impaired
balance• shuffling
Picture Effects the present areas
Secondary Symptoms
Anxiety, insecurity, and stress
Confusion and memory loss
Constipation
Depression
Difficulty swallowing and excessive salivation
Increased sweating
Skin problems
Slowed, quieter speech, and monotone voice
Urinary frequency/urgency
At Risk Most people who develop Parkinson's disease are
older than 60 years of age.
Men are affected about 1.5 to 2 times more often than women.
People who have a family history of the disorder.
People who have been exposed to environmental toxins such as pesticides and herbicide.
TreatmentThere is currently
NO treatment to cure Parkinson
Disease.
Treatment
For some individuals with unmanageable motor symptoms, surgery may be an option.
In deep brain stimulation(DBS), the surgeon implants electrodes to stimulate areas of the brain involved in movement.
In another type of surgery, specific areas in the brain that cause Parkinson
symptoms are destroyed. An alternative approach currently being
explored is the use of dopamine-producing cells derived from stem cells.
Treatment There are many
medications available to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s, although none yet that actually reverse the effects of the disease.
It is common for people with PD to take a variety of these medications – all at different doses and at different times of day - in order to manage the symptoms of the disease.
Treatment
General lifestyle changes (rest and exercise), physical therapy,
occupational therapy, and speech therapy may be
beneficial.
Prevention
Parkinson Disease is
NOT preventable.
Prevention
The severity of Parkinson Disease symptoms vary greatly from individual to individual and it is not possible to predict how quickly the disorder will progress.
Parkinson Disease is not a fatal disease and the average life expectancy is similar to that of people without the disease.
Michael J Fox
Actor Michael J. Fox has PD.
Fox was diagnosed in 1991 when he was 30, but kept his condition secret from the public for seven years.
Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali
has shown signs of parkinsonism since the age of 38.
Conclusion1. How many people are affected by Parkinson Disease in the United States?
One million2. About how old is a person who develops
Parkinson Disease?60 years of age
3. Give an example of a primary symptom for Parkinson Disease?
tremor, stiffness, slowness, impaired balance, shuffling
Bibliography
http://www.medicinenet.com/parkinsons_disease/article.htm
http://www.umm.edu/parkinsons/facts.htm?gclid=CJO2msCr868CFYZxOgody0m7XA
http://www.azilect.com/Consumer/About-Parkinson-s-Disease/Parkinson-s-Symptoms.aspx?s_mcid=google-ppc-&s_kwcid=TC|6774|parkinsons%20disease%20symptoms||S||6492865475&gclid=CJGPtMWr868CFYeo4AodehfvXA
http://www.pdf.org/en/about_pd