Bulleid NewsBulleid Family Newsletter No. 68 30 June 2012Su Tayler has been digging into archives inAustralia and kindly provided the followingnewspaper extracts. She also came up with alink to the National Library of Australialeading to some lovely old photos of thefamily of Albert Austin in Australia, whosedaughter Anna married Dr Arthur Bulleid. Iam not allowed to reproduce some of thephotos and it is necessary to navigate fromthis link: ­http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/152477263?q=bulleid&c=pictureAustralian Town & Country Journal,NSW, 12 July 1905"When fully worked out it will probablythrow a flood of light on the history of pre­Roman Britain." Thus spoke Professor RoyDawkins twelve years ago with reference tothe discovery of the lake dwellings atGlastonbury, in Somerset (says "The World'sWork"). Though it is not fully worked out yet,the work of excavation is about to beresumed­the labours of the devoted bandheaded by Mr Arthur Bulleid, L.R.C.P.,P.S.A., the gentleman to whom belongs thedistinction of having made the originaldiscovery of the dwellings in 1892 haveproduced results sufficiently interesting toantiquarians all the world over. Among theattractions for tourists in the holiday seasontoo, the Lake Village is happily worthy of thetown which boasts not only the famousAbbey ruins, but also associations withJoseph of Arimathea and the Isle of Avalon.It is believed that the occupation of thevillage was probably commenced about 300B.C and closed with the Roman invasion. Therelics are proved to be of the pre­historic ironage, and the discovery of the village isimportant as connecting the period of thebronze with the iron age. The site of thisremarkable settlement, which is three and ahalf acres in extent, is in the Brue district,some fourteen miles from the sea. Long ago

the moor was open to the sea, but later it wasgradually cut off and converted into a lake,and thence, in course of time, into swampsand meres. In the year 1500 five of these lakeswere still in existence, the largest of which wasMere pool five miles round. Some 2000 yearsago the '"village" was probably on the marginof Mere pool. Alders and willow­trees grew inthe shallows between the pools of water andreeds which fell and accumulated, formingpeat. In this layer of peat the archaeologistsfound charcoal, bones, and chips of wood, thisgiving the date when the people settled at thespot.Before excavations were begun all the eyecould discern was about seventy low moundsvarying from 6in to 23in above the levelhuddled in the corner of a field. These moundswere the debris and sites of dwelling­huts, andthe foundations on which they stood consistedof layers of brushwood and stems of smalltrees bound together; in some places, at leastwith transverse mortised beams, preciselysimilar to the Scottish and Irish crannogs. Thehuts were circular or oval, and varied in sizefrom 26ft to 35ft in diameter. Each hutcontained a central hearth, sometimes neatlymade by flat stones embedded in the clayflooring which existed in all of them. But assubsidence, due to the compression and decayof the under­structure, progressed, theoccupants super added new clay flooring. Therelics illustrate with rare completeness thelife­history of the community which inhabitedthem. Many of them exhibit the specialcharacteristics of late Celtic art, which givesthe collection an exceptional importanceamong lake­dwelling remains discoveredwithin the British Isles.The visitor to Glastonbury may form his ownidea of what manner of people the lakedwellers were. In order to do so, he has only toenter the crowded little museum in the centreof the town, where the relics are displayed totell their own tale of a bygone civilisation.

The collection shows that the lake dwellerswere spinners and weavers, using whorls ofstone and earthware in twisting their thread,and weights to keep the warp tight on theloom, while they worked in the weft with boneshuttles. The weft was pushed home with theweaving comb­which Professor Dawkinsdescribes as probably the ancestor of the combworn for ornament in the head­dress of latertimes. Numerous wooden fragments of a kindof frame which have been found probablyrepresent the loom; and it seems likely thatflax was the material which was woven. Thelake dwellers used bone needles for sewing.They worked wood with great skill with thesaw, the bill­hook, the knife, and the gouge,and probably also with the axe and the adze. Asplendid specimen of an ancient boat whichhad been cut out of a solid log is one of themost prized relics. Flint flakes and knives anda flint core prove that flint implements weremade at the village. Of timber, two wheelspokes, finely turned and finished, were foundlast season, and a fragment of an axle­boxbelonging to the same wheel. The inhabitantsof the lake village also used the lathe; and areproved by the "chucks" of Kimmeridge Clay tohave turned ornaments of Kimmeridge shale,some of which have been discovered. Thelathe­turned vessels, some bearing the marksof a punch found in the settlement, prove thatpottery­making was also carried on. About awheel­barrowful of wheel and hand­madepottery, in fragments, was found last year­nearly all the pieces being ornamented.Crucibles imply that melting was also carriedon; a piece of blue glass ring may perhapsimply that glass­working was also practised;and a file implies metal­working. They usedrings of jet, amber, and glass, and of bronze,and bracelets of bronze and Kimmeridgeshale, and beads of glass, and festooned theirclothes together with safety­pins and split­ringbrooches of bronze, and with bone links.Among the bronze objects found is a mirror ­"doubtless wept for by some lady when it waslost," the visitor murmurs. They also usedamulets of bone, among which a roundelfashioned out of a human occipital. They grewwheat, and had sheep, cattle, pigs, horses, anddogs. They did not, however, rely wholly onthe domestic animals for food, but at times ate

the stags, reindeer, beavers, and otters, livingin the district. A great many remains of birdshave been found, among them those of thepelican and the crane. The lake dwellersground their corn in well­fashioned quorns,and boiled their food by putting hot stonesinto the pots filled with cold water.Gambling and cheating are suggested by thediscovery of dice, so constructed that theycould not pitch on the low number; and a spurof a fighting­cock renders it probable that theywere given to cock­fighting like the ancientGauls. The lake­dwellers rode or drove horseswith iron snaffle bits, and fought at closequarters with daggers, halberds, and bill­hookand at a distance with slings. Vast numbers ofclay pellets for slings, both burned andunburned, have been met with. The position ofthe settlement in the marsh implies the factthat warfare was the normal social conditionand testifies to the danger of attack fromneighbouring communities. A strongpalisading of posts and piles surrounded andprotect the village. The piles are from 3in to9in diameter and from 5ft to 13ft in length,kept together by more or less coarse hurdlework. Although in many places they are muchdisplaced and decayed yet they form a fairlyperfect and continuous, though irregular,outline; at some parts placed so closelytogether that from fifty to seventy have beencounted in the space of 10ft. The majorityslope outwards, at angles varying with thestate of preservation of the border; but a largeproportion of them were undoubtedly drivenin vertically, and have been either broken offor gradually forced out into their presentposition. Some piles barely broach the truepeat, whilst others pierce it for seven feet.Occasionally a few vertical piles are still seenamong the slanting, and probably showrepairs to the border. The border of the villagehas a very irregular outline, the pile beingarranged in varying curves. This unevennesshas been proved in some places to be due toextensions of the village. The face of theborder immediately inside the pile is formedof trunks of trees and largo pieces of timberplaced side by side parallel to the margin, andreaching 8ft to 12ft inwards; underneath thesemore timber is found alternating with layers ofclay and brushwood, with which are

intermingled patches of stone, peat, rust andbracken, to the depth of 4ft or 5ft.A fragment of human skull, long, and with lowforehead, and strong frontal sinuses, impliesthat some of the inhabitants belonged to thelong­headed section of the Britons. A shaft ofhuman humerus, gnawed by some weak­jawedcarnivore, such as the dog, was also found inone of the huts. As to the appearance of theinhabitants, it is supposed that the skullsfound are those of people of neighbouringtribes brought in after a skirmish. A completeskeleton has not been found, so that there isnothing to prove that the skulls are those ofthe inhabitants or some of their enemies livingon the hills about Glastonbury. It is also aquestion whether the village was in continualoccupation, for it might have been deserted inthe winter, and only used in the summer whenthe people were feeding their stock on the flatsaround.The work of excavation will be resumed by theGlastonbury Antiquarian Society, of which theRev. Prebendary Grant is president. Last yearthe lake­village was visited by the RoyalArchaeological Institute; and this year alsovarious societies propose to visit it while theexcavations are going on.Australian Town & Country JournalNSW, 19 February 1898A British Lake Village.A correspondent of the "English CollieryGuardian" writes that the site of theprehistoric Celtic lake village, nearGlastonbury, has been further excavated sinceJuly last, under the superintendence of thediscoverer, Mr. Arthur Bulleid. The sites of thedwellings are marked by mounds. One of thesecontained the greatest depth of clay yet found,no less than 9ft, the accumulation ofsuccessive hearths which were foundnecessary as the weight of the clay graduallycompressed the peat beneath. This moundcontained 300 tons of clay, all of which musthave been brought in their boats by theinhabitants from the neighbouring hills.Under the mound was found the framework ofa loom with brushwood and wattle work toform the foundation. Another mound was veryrich in fragments of pottery and otherevidences of the manufacture of hardware.

A neatly cut iron file, 8in long, was found.Parts of three broken millstones wereunearthed, and in one mound a clay ovenmeasuring 2ft by 9in. One glass article onlywas brought to light this year, a blue glassbead with a wavy line of dark­blue runninground it.The Mercury, HobartTasmania, 10 January 1933MUCH FROM LITTLEThe Value of LucerneA New Zealand ExperienceWith the increased attention being paid inTasmania to pasture improvement, there is anincrease in the area under lucerne. Thisvaluable fodder, however, has not been grownto the extent its value justifies, and thefollowing article dealing with the resultsobtained from a New Zealand farm shouldserve to direct attention to the value oflucerne. It is taken from "The New ZealandFarmer," and says:Messrs. J. M. Bulleid and I. Jones have a farmof 150 acres on the outskirts of Oamaru, inNorth Otago, which is attracting some interestby reason of what it is made to produce,chiefly in the form of lucerne. Incidentally, itmay be said that Messrs. Bulleid and Joneshave demonstrated that the farm lands ofNorth Otago, generally, can be profitablycultivated in much smaller areas than hasbeen considered necessary. Last year they took£1,550 from little more than 80 acres. Theykeep a herd of 30 Friesian cows, selling themilk on a town round in Oamaru, and theygrow lucerne for sale as well as to feed theirstock. No sales are made outside North Otago.They separate a little milk for sale when, in theflush of the season, they have more than willmeet the demands of their town round.The farm "sits to the sun." It rises on a verygentle slope from a creek which skirts itsnorthern frontage, at Deborah. This creek, bythe way, has never been known to become dry,and near its eastern end the owners of thefarm have constructed a concrete retainingwall which effectively dams the water, about amillion gallons being held in this way. Close tothe retaining wall a pumping engine is located,and this pumps the water that is being held bythe retaining wall, to the highest point of the

80 acres, which are irrigated for the growingof lucerne. Having been raised, through pipes,from the lowest to the highest point of thefarm the water is then distributed, by means ofother pipes and channels, over the severalpaddocks where it is required. Canvas pipeswere at first used, but they were foundunsatisfactory, as they cracked, andconsequently were discarded. The pumpingplant consists of a centrifugal pump which isdriven by a small tractor, most of the pumpingbeing done at night when the tractor is notrequired for any other purpose. It is theintention of Messrs. Bulleid and Jones toinstall an electric motor to replace the tractorfor pumping. The electric wires run quite closeto the pumping station, and the installation ofan electric motor will not occasion any greatexpense. Mr Bulleid and his partner considerthat water and lucerne spell the differencebetween success and failure on the farm.MAIN FEED SUPPLY.It is certain that the lucerne on the farm doeswell when supplied with a sufficiency of waterin this way. All through last winter there wasmore ensilage (made from lucerne) on thefarm than the stock could eat; and there arestill several stacks of it left, quite enough tolast until the new season's feed is available.Messrs. Bulleid and Jones depend for theirmain feed supply upon lucerne. The lucerneused is of the Marlborough variety, somehaving been sown with grass and some alone.That sown with grass does not yield nearly sowell as that sown alone. The soil of the farmmay be described as good, but notoutstandingly so. Lime is used and at thepresent time. It is being spread on thepaddocks at a cost of 8s. 8d. a ton. Usually4cwt. of lucerne is taken in the season, thelater ones, when the weather is not generallyvery good for hay­making, being used for thesilage pits The first cuts are sold to farmers inthe district and fetch round about £5 a ton.The silage stacks are made in the open field,the butts being about 4ft below the surface,while the tops are well weighted with earth.The lucerne preserves well in this way, and thestock eat it with relish.Some excellent mangels are grown on thefarm, on an irrigated flat, and this winter therewere more than could be used on the farm,

or disposed of profitably to other farmers. Inaddition to lime, super is used, as well as allthe farmyard manure on the place.Townsville Daily BulletinQueensland, 11 January 1908GLASTONBURY ABBEY.LONDON, January 10.Mr Jardine, the purchaser of GlastonburyAbbey for £30,000 has presented it to theChurch of England. The abbey, which issituated in Somersetshire, is traditionally saidto have been the residence of Joseph ofArimathea and the site of the first Christianchurch in Britain, built about the year 60. Achurch was built there about 1708. The abbeywas burnt in 1184, but it was subsequently rebuilt. An earthquake did great damage to it in1275. Mr Arthur Bulleid, in the spring of 1892,discovered, by excavation, near Glastonbury,the remains of a prehistoric lake village, inabout sixty low mounds, enclosing woodenstructures, many of which had been probablyworkshops. The many interesting relics ofbronze, iron, and bone, with fragments ofpottery, have been re­deposited in theGlastonbury museum. The excavations werecontinued in1897.Cairns Morning PostQueensland, 23rd September 1908Dr. A. Bulleid, of Midsomer Norton Somerset,who discovered the ancient British lake villageat Glastonbury in 1892, has now foundanother group of lake dwellings at the north­west of Glastonbury. The site of the lake andvillage consists of two fields of about 12 acres,and, is marked by a number of grassy moundsformed by floors of dwellings. Dr. Bulleid hasfound large quantities of relics, includingobjects in bronze, bone, horn, and pottery.This village is supposed to be of late Celticdate – 400 to 800 BC to the Roman Conquest.This village is larger than that at Glastonbury.The North Eastern Ensign, BenallaVictoria, 11 June 1937In view of her approaching marriage MissEileen Bulleid has tendered her resignation tothe Harcourt school, where she has beenteaching for the past two years. She waspresented with a farewell gift. Miss Bulleid,

who is the eldest daughter of Mr and Mrs H. J.Bulleid, Byawatha, will be married next monthto Mr J. Kelleher, of Baddaginnie, a brother ofthe well­known footballers, Messrs Dinny andDan Kelleher.I am grateful to Bernard Everett for thefollowing: ­“With regard to your editorial on the 1911census, the difficulty in tracing names may bea 1911 problem, compounded by careless dataentry in 2012. As you probably know, the 1911census was the first in which householdersfilled in the forms themselves (perhaps anindication of the extent to which literacy wasbecoming commonplace). Accordingly,responsibility for badly written andsubsequently incorrectly transcribed recordsmay lie with the subjects themselves ­ wasMarcus known for writing his name so that itlooked like "Marine"? Incidentally, one of mygrandfathers (no connection of the Bulleids)appears to have told a number of porkies onhis census form, for reasons that I can have apretty good guess at!I recently went to Bristol for the day and had achance to visit St Thomas's Church in (St)Thomas Street, which played a significant partin the story of John the gunsmith and DianaWilkinson. The street itself is a bit of a dump,lined with character­less office and warehousetype buildings. The gunshop at No 3 is,unsurprisingly, no longer there, but must havebeen almost directly opposite the churchwhich was rebuilt in the late 18th century andstill contains the 1793 mahogany font (laterconverted into a lectern) in which the (twin)brothers William Henry and James John(subsequent founder of one of the Aussiedynasties) must have been baptised as six orseven year olds in 1825.

While I was wandering about there, in thedeserted building, a young lady working forthe Churches' Conservation Trust came out ofa room in the tower on her way home. Sheexplained that the Church, while stillconsecrated, is surplus to requirements and ismaintained as one of more than 325 churchesthroughout England cared for by the Trust.Apparently the local Romanian communitynow hold services there.The guidebook says that Admiral WilliamPenn (father of the founder of Pennsylvania)was baptised there in 1621. It goes on to saythat "the area around the church remainedcrowded with houses, workshops, warehousesand all the busy trade of the dockside....Writing in 1710 the vicar remarked that hecould not hold any services on Thursdaybecause of the large cattle market in thesurrounding streets which 'hinders the peoplethat they cannot come conveniently to church'.Many of the sailors engaged in the slave tradelodged in the inns and taverns in St ThomasStreet and in 1786 it was in the Seven Starstavern, which still exists beside the church,that Thomas Clarkson collected much of theevidence about the barbarous trade whicheventually led to its abolition".I attach photos of a couple of other ancient(and long disappeared) taverns in ThomasStreet taken in 1906 and two interiors of thechurch, including one of the font/lectern,taken by the Kellehers on a visit a couple ofyears ago. The Three Kings Inn may have hada connection with the Bulleids because in 1848its landlord was one William Crocombe. AJohn Crocombe had been named as executorand guardian of the two small boys in theirfather's will, shortly before John Bulleid'sdeath in 1829.”

Court Sampson Inn St Thomas's Church Three Kings Inn 1906

Bulleid WebWelcome to Michelle Knight, a new user of thefamily website. Michelle is the daughter of StevenBullied and granddaughter of James WesleyBullied (1929­94)Debbie Kershaw emailed from holiday in Fiji toreassure me that her parents in Dunedin are well.She wrote: “My golf hasn't improved at all, butthen I don't play often enough to be able toexpect anything more. Neville plays severaltimes a week, when weather permits. As I said,we're in Fiji, staying at our villa on the CoralCoast. We have two other couples with us ­holiday friends from Cromwell ­ and we're lovingthe break away from our NZ winter. As weusually do when we're here, we visited thebeautiful golf course at Natadola the other day.Nev had a few holes there last year, but it'sknown to be very difficult, very rough rough andmany balls get lost. We find it's often too hot tobe able to play and enjoy it. On top of that it'spretty jolly expensive. So we got a cool drink andsat in the shade of the clubhouse and watched thegolfers sweat it out! It is stunning beautifulthough, with manicured greens, pristine whitesand bunkers, and vistas of the swaying palmsand gorgeous ocean beyond.Sorry to hear about your weather woes and hopeit brightens up, especially for Wimbledon and theOlympics. We loved watching the Royal Jubileecelebrations recently which were featured well onTV at home. A pity about the rain for the Thamesfunction and poor old Philip's health, but it waslovely to see everyone getting into the spirit of itand having a wonderful celebration. Some of the"old boys" (eg Cliff and Paul) in the concert werea bit past it, but we were wowed by the lighting ofthe palace etc.My great niece Katy Bright started a new job inthe City of London recently and discovered that achap named Wayne Bulleid worked for the samecompany. She asked if I knew anything abouthim and I explained that they are fourth cousinsand live near each other. Not only that, but Maryand I had met Wayne and his family a couple ofmonths ago on our way to spend a weekend withKaty and Ray. To complete the coincidence,Wayne’s youngest daughter is named Katie.Small world! [Geoff Ledden]

Old CemeteriesHarry Edsel Smith of Albany , New York :Born 1903­­Died 1942.Looked up the elevator shaft to see if thecar was on the way down. It was.In a Thurmont, Maryland , cemetery:Here lies an Atheist, all dressed upand no place to go.On the grave of Ezekial Aikle inEast Dalhousie Cemetery, Nova Scotia:Here lies Ezekial Aikle, Age 102.Only the good die young.In a London , England cemetery:Here lies Ann Mann, who lived an old maidbut died an old Mann. Dec. 8, 1767In a Ribbesford, England , cemetery:Anna WallaceThe children of Israel wanted bread,And the Lord sent them manna.Clark Wallace wanted a wife,And the Devil sent him Anna.In a Ruidoso, New Mexico , cemetery:Here lies Johnny Yeast.Pardon him for not rising.In a Uniontown, Pennsylvania , cemetery:Here lies the body of Jonathan Blake,Stepped on the gas instead of the brake.In a Silver City , Nevada , cemetery:Here lays The Kid,We planted him raw.He was quick on the trigger,But slow on the draw.A lawyer's epitaph in England :Sir John Strange.Here lies an honest lawyer,and that is Strange.John Penny's epitaph in the Wimborne,England , cemetery:Reader, if cash thou art in want of any,Dig 6 feet deep and thou wilt find a Penny.Kind regardsGeoff Ledden