building the new nation mr. johnson u.s. history
TRANSCRIPT
Building the New Nation
Mr. JohnsonU.S. History
James Madison’s Presidency
James Madison• 1809-1817• “Father of the
Constitution”• Federalist Papers• Bill of Rights• Kentucky &
Virginia Resolutions
• Democratic-Republican
• Secretary of State
Indian Relations
“Five Civilized Tribes”
“Five Civilized Tribes”• Adopted English
Customs– Farming– Christianity– Schools– Cabins– Written language
(Sequoyah)– Tribal constitutions
Northwest Indian War• Treaty of Greenville
(1796)• Ends the war• Representatives
from 10 tribes cede part of NW Territory
• Some tribes rejected the treaty…
Treaty of Ft. Wayne (1809)• Gen. William Henry
Harrison• Additional land
purchase after Treaty of Greenville
• Tecumseh– rejected the treaty– Threatened to make
alliance with British
Tecumseh & Harrison
Tenskwatawa & Tecumseh• Tenskwatawa –
“Shawnee Prophet”• Tecumseh –
Military leader• Indian
confederacy to resist expansion into NW Territory
William Henry Harrison• Battle of
Tippecanoe– Burning of
Prophetstown– Victory over
Tenskwatawa– National hero– Later slogan:
“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too!”
Foreign Policy
Background• American
Revolution• Neutrality/Jay’s
Treaty• Impressment
– Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
• Embargo Act– Non-Intercourse Act– Macon’s Bill #2
War Hawks• Young
Democratic-Republican leaders
• Wanted to protect American interests
• Webster, Clay, Calhoun
War Hawks’ Goals• Northerners
– Seize Canada
• Southerners– Seize Florida
• All War Hawks– Stop
impressment– Protect trade– Expand westward
Causes of the War1. Impressment… 2. …Interference
with trade3. British
provocation of Native American attacks
Fighting the War
Overview• 1812-1814,
1815*• Three Phases
– U.S. invasion of Canada/Great Lakes
– British invasion of Chesapeake Bay
– Battle of New Orleans
• Treaty of Ghent
Battle of Lake ErieOliver Hazard Perry: “We have met the enemy, and they are ours!”
Invasion of Canada
Death of Tecumseh (1813)
Burning of Burning of Washington, DCWashington, DC
Attack on Fort Attack on Fort McHenryMcHenry
Star-Spangled Banner
Hartford Convention• 1814• New England
states threaten to secede because of the war
• End up only calling for amendments to increase their political power
Hartford Convention
Daniel Webster• Protested the
poor conduct of the war
• Criticized secession movement
– “Liberty and Union”
The War Ends
Treaty of Ghent (1814)• Stalemated war• Unpopular on
both sides -“Mr. Madison’s War”
• Peace between U.S., Canada, & Britain
• Ghent, Belgium
Creek War• Gen. Andrew
Jackson• Creek were
allied with British
• Treaty of Ft. Jackson (1814)
Battle of New Orleans (1815)• British tried to
seize the strategic port before word of the treaty reached them
• Ended war on a “happy note” for U.S.
Jackson at New Orleans
William Henry Harrison
Great Triumvirate• Three Powerful
Senators– Henry Clay (west)– Daniel Webster
(north)– John C. Calhoun
(south)
Roman Triumvirate• Joint rule of
Rome– Octavian– Antony– Lepidus
• Led to in-fighting
Domestic Policy
The “American System”• Henry Clay
– bank– Tariff– Internal
improvements
Bank of United States• Charter lapsed in
1811• Madison vetoed
bank bills• Wartime inflation
& debt• Re-chartered in
1816
Tariff of 1816• First protective
tariff (rather than revenue tariff)…
• …Henry Clay’s “American System”
Internal Improvements• Roads &
canals• Interstate
commerce• Agrarian
vs. industrial
Effects of the War• “2nd War for Independence”… Future
U.S./British friendliness• Wave of nationalism… Era of Good
Feelings• Tribes were crushed… Indian
removal• Rise of new heroes… Jackson,
Harrison & Great Triumvirate• Wartime economic woes…
“Federalist” economic plan
James Monroe’s
Presidency
James Monroe• Diplomat• Secretary of War &
State• Louisiana Purchase• Democratic-
Republican• Virginia… “dynasty”
Election of 1816• Dying
Federalist Party
• Electoral vote
– Monroe: 183
– King: 34
Election of 1820• Electoral
vote– Monroe:
231– Adams: 1
James Monroe• Major Issues
– Foreign policy successes
– Domestic nationalism & sectionalism
Monroe’s Diplomacy
John Quincy Adams• Monroe’s
Secretary of State
• Peaceful relations with Spain and Britain/Canada
Adams-Onis Treaty
Rush-Bagot Treaty• U.S.-British
agreement• Demilitarization of
Great Lakes
Treaty of 1818 (49th Parallel)
Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine
Nationalism & Sectionalism
“Era of Good Feeling”• National optimism• Dem.–Rep.
domination– “Era of Good Feeling”– Death of Federalist
Party…– …“National
Republicans”
Marshall’s Federalist Court• Gibbons v. Ogden
– Interstate commerce
• McCulloch v. Maryland– National bank/
national supremacy
Panic of 1819• Causes
• Failure to re-charter National Bank
• War of 1812 caused debt
• Banks called in loans
• Effects• Foreclosures• Bank Failures• Unemployment• Reduced production
Missouri Compromise• Missouri –
slave• Maine – free• 36-30 line• Sectional
conflict -
Jefferson’s “firebell in the night”
The Virginia Dynasty• Washington –
Virginia• Adams –
Massachusetts• Jefferson –
Virginia• Madison –
Virginia• Monroe –
Virginia