RECONSTRUCTION FAILS

Mr. Johnson

APUSH

Hopewell High School

Presidential Reconstruction:Ulysses S. Grant• Grant’s Views

– Supported ______ occupation but urged ______ Republicans not to be harsh and retributive toward the south

– Supported rights of ______

• Election of 1868– Fusion of white ________

and black ____________ helped Grant win many votes in south

– Lingering resentment from the Civil War• “Waving the _______ shirt”• “Vote as you _____”

• Grant’s Policies– ______ Bill against KKK

terror– Numerous ______: Whisky

Ring, Credit Mobilier, Indian Ring

– Defeated Democrats & Liberal Republican reformers in _____ election

– End of ________’s Bureau– _______ of 1873– ________ issues: railroads,

settlement & Indian Wars– ___________ of remaining

southern states

African Americans in Reconstruction

• Education– __________’s Bureau schools– Establishment of first black ______

in the south

• Families– Some freedmen traveled in search

of lost ___________– __________ were legalized by

Freemen’s Bureau

• Political Life– ________ were the pillars of many

black communities– Black voters faced terror from

white _________ groups, but elected the first black senators (Revels) and congressmen (Bruce)

– Frederick _______ became a leading voice supporting full racial equality through passage of ___th and ___th amendments and serving as ambassador to __________

• Economic Life– ____________ and

wartime ____________ had altered southern economy

– Black codes sought to restore pre-Civil War ______ system and ____ relations• _________ laws and labor

_______• _________ leasing

– Many blacks became __________ or ______ farmers who didn’t own the land they worked, trapped in a cycle of ______ peonage

Home Rule, Redemption& the Solid South• Robert E. Lee

– Urged Southerners to _______ and _______ the Union

– Served as president of ___________ College (now Washington & Lee University)

– Emphasized the importance of _______ to the nation’s future

• White supremacists created barriers to black _________– _________ taxes…– _________ tests…– …____________ clauses

exempted white voters– _____, White League and Red

Shirts intimidated black voters and white scalawags

• Emergence of the “_______ South”– Ex-Confederates became

prominent _________ leaders

– Grant-era _____________ weakened Republican Party

– Conservative Democratic “_______” governments took control of southern states in 1870s

– South became closely _______ with Democratic Party through 1964

The Compromise of 1877& the Legacy of Reconstruction• Disputed election of 1876 led to

_____________ of 1877– Rutherford _______ (R) - 185– Samuel __________ (D) - 184

• Hayes agreed to concessions for southern Democrats– Appointment of Democrats to

________– Funding for southern ___________

and industry– Removal of federal _________

• End of ______________• _________ ______ decisions

severely limited the impact of Reconstruction Amendments– Slaughter-House Cases, 1873– Civil Rights Cases, 1883– Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896

• Legalized _____________• __________ but equal

• Successes of Reconstruction– Slavery was ________ and the south

was _____________ into the union– _______-term successes on issues of

civil rights– Reconstruction __________

established principles that were stalled for many decades but eventually became the basis for _____ decisions upholding civil rights

• Failures of Reconstruction– Social and economic patterns

remained largely _______________– African Americans were denied full

rights of citizenship under the “____ ______” system

– The south remained the ________ region of the country for the next 100 years

– The broken promises of Reconstruction were not addressed until the African American _______ ______ movement in the mid-20th century

“The North Won the War;the South Won the Peace”