building technology 1

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia (MASSA)

Bachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture)

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [ARC3514 / ARC3512]

NAME: GERTRUDE LEE YUE SIEW

STUDENT ID: 0306265

TUTOR: MR ADIB RAMLI

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 DESIGN MODIFICATION

2.1 FLOOR SYSTEM

2.1.1 PRECEDENT STUDIES

2.1.2 MATERIALS

2.1.3 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

2.2 WALL SYSTEM


2.2.2 MATERIALS


2.3 ROOF SYSTEM


2.3.2 MATERIALS


2.4 BASEMENT

2.4.1 MATERIALS USED

3.0 WORKING DRAWINGS

4.0 REFERENCES

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This project is about designing a Nature Appreciation Centre and it is located at Belum Rainforest Resort. The function of the Nature Appreciation Centre is to

allow visitors and tourists to experience and appreciated nature as Belum Rainforest is a forest reserve area. As for this module, we were required to bring this design project to

discuss with the lecturer on which portion of the building that can be utilized for this assignment. We are required to change the original construction systems and building materials,

to replace with a more complex construction system.

This project concentrates on the construction system of the building after a part of the building chosen. The types of construction system changes that are

suppose to be carried out are :-

i. Floor system

ii. Wall system

iii. Roof system

iv. Basement level (which is to be shown in the section)

Before picking out any construction system, we are required to conduct precedent studies regarding the construction system that is going to be applied to the building. We are also

required to provide detail description of all construction system used as well as analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of both existing systems and the new system proposed.

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [ARC 3514 / ARC 3512] 3

2.0 DESIGN MODIFICATION


As we were required to take out a part of the building and change the original construction systems and building materials, to replace with a more complex construction system, the

diagram below shows the original design and proposed design.

ORIGINAL FIRST FLOOR PLAN


PROPOSED FIRST FLOOR PLAN


ORIGINAL SECOND FLOOR PLAN


PROPOSED FIRST FLOOR PLAN

2.1 FLOOR SYSTEM


Floor system is one of the important structural element of a typical multi-storey building. A typical floor system is made up of beams, columns, floor slab and if it is on the ground floor,

there would be a foundation. As for my original design, the floor system that was used in my design is timber flooring. As for my proposed design, the floor system that was used in my

design is concrete hollow core slab.

Original design : Timber Flooring System Proposed design: Hollow Core Concrete Slab Floor System



Building: Bergen Fire Station

Architects: Stein Halvorsen Arkitekter

Location : Bergen, Norway

This building is a curved shaped building as this follows the outer edge of the site in order to keep

the area as wide as possible. This also helps to create a dense screen against traffic and it helps

create sheltered space in front.

Concrete is the main material used for this building as this can be seen from the base as the entire

base is made of cast-on-site concrete. The secondary materials used are steel and aluminium.

The structural elements used to construct the floor system are steel structure and hollow core slab.

Figure 1 : Bergen Fire Station, Bergen

Source : http://www.archdaily.com/97807/bergen-fire-station-stein-

halvorsen-sivilarkitekter/

Figure 2 : Section of Bergen Fire Station, Bergen

Source : http://de.urbarama.com/project/main-fire-station-bergen

As can be seen from Figure 2, which is the section of the building, the floor system used is hollow

core slab supported by I-steel beam. Hollow core slab is also know as voided slab is one of the

typical floor systems used to construct floors in multi-storey building such as apartments.

Hollow core slab provides maximum structural efficiency with the use of concrete and at the same

time having low energy consumption. Hollow core slab is an ideal structural section as it also reduce

deadweight. It is also possible to be reuse and recycle which will help in less material wastage making

It environmental friendly.

Concrete is used to make hollow core slab. Concrete is a very versatile building material as it is

durable. Each floor units using hollow core floor system are averagely 1200mm wide and up to 20m

long. This is why hollow core floor system are normally used in buildings which has a larger span.


For my proposed design, for the floor system, I proposed hollow core concrete slab to replace the timber flooring. Hollow core

concrete slab floor system must have suitable materials and structural elements in order for the system to work well.

MATERIALS / STRUCTURAL

ELEMENTS

MANUFACTURER PROPERTIES

HOLLOW CORE CONCRETE

SLAB

SPC INDUSTRIES SDN

BHD o Provides maximum structural efficiency with utilization of high

strength concrete

o Low material consumption

o Mainly used in buildings with larger span. E.g apartments,

hospitals schools

o Favourable cost rate and fast erection

I – STEEL BEAM BESTWELD STEEL

SYSTEM SDN BHD

o Resist shear forces

o Very efficient form for carrying bending and shear load

o Can be used as both beams and columns

2.1.2 MATERIALS / STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS


Original design : Timber floor system

2.1.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Good quality timber will last for decades Will be damaged if exposed to excessive

moisture

Easy to construct Regular maintenance as to prevent termites

from attacking

Cost efficient Regular polishing every 3-4 years

Good aesthetic

Good sound absorber

Proposed design : Concrete hollow core floor system


Has longitudinal core that helps reduce the

weight of the floor

Health problem will be an issue if air supply is

not released from the duct as it has to be

cleaned from time to time

Commonly used in large span building as it is

durable

Handling and transporting. Being precast, it

will be heavy and fragile

Excellent fire resistance

High speed of erection as it is pre-cast

High load capacity

Figure 3 : Timber Floor System

Source: www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au

Figure 4 : Concrete Hollow Core Floor System

Source: hubhomedesign.com


Wall system is another important structural element of a typical multi-storey building. My original design of the space is actually timber wall façade and as for my proposed design of

the space, I decided to change it to glass curtain wall.

Original Design : Timber Façade Wall System

Original Design : Glass Curtain Wall System

2.2 WALL SYSTEM



Building: Dolomites House

Architects: JM Architecture

Location : Dolomite Mountains, Italy

The existing building has a very large and high entry hall with rooms and it also allows users to

experience the space as it is necessary to walk through the entry hall in order to move around the

house. Clear glass envelope and gyp wall was inserted in order to separate one space from another

after the whole ground floor is being demolished

Figure 5 : Dolomites House, Dolomite Mountains, Italy

Source : http://www.archdaily.com/4806/dolomites-house-jm-

architecture/

The architect decided to replace the facades with glass

curtain wall to allow the maximum amount of light into the

room as before this they could not get enough light into

the house.The glass curtain wall used for this building has

the base and head of mullion flush with the floor and

ceiling.

Glass curtain wall is defined as thin, aluminium-framed

wall, containing in-fills of glass and it is attached to the

building structure. It also does not carry the weight of the

floor or roof. Glass curtain wall method of glazing allows

glass to be used in large uninterrupted areas creating

consistent attractive facades. Figure 6 : Dolomites House, Dolomite Mountains, Italy


architecture/

Figure 7 : Detail Drawing of Curtain Wall Used at Dolomite House


architecture/


For my proposed design, for the wall system, I proposed glass curtain wall to replace the timber façade wall.



ELEMENTS

MANUFACTURER PROPERTIES

ALUMINIUM FRAME

FUJISASH (M) SDN BHD

o It is light weight as it is averagely 50kg/m2 which helps to reduce

the weight of high rise building.

o It allows light to pass through, enabling the building to use

natural lighting in the day as their light source

GLASS


Original design : Timber façade wall system



Quick erection time Additional design and engineering time

Reduce site labour work Will decay if exposed to excessive moisture and

termites

Recyclable Requires vigilant control to achieve fire rating

Low embodied energy if constructed from local

timber

Good sound absorber

Proposed design : Glass curtain wall system


Light weight allowing it to reduce the weight of

high rise buildings

When light penetrates through the glass curtain

wall in bad angle, it also can produce glare and

discomfort to the human eye

Reduce the main structure and basis cost It is not environmental friendly as it only

guarantee a life span of 20 years

Reduce use of electricity as it allows light to

enter in to the building

Light penetrating through causes heat increase

indoor

Figure 8: Timber Wall System

Source: www.britannica.com

Figure 9 : Glass Curtain Wall Detail

Source: www2.reynaers.com


Roof system is another important structural element of a typical multi-storey building. My original design for the roof is using timber truss with metal decking and as for my proposed

design,

Original Design : Timber Truss Roof

Original Design : Steel Truss Roof

2.3 ROOF SYSTEM



Building: Matrikulasi Kolej

Location : Gopeng, Perka

Figure 10 : Matrikulasi Kolej, Gopeng, Perak

Source : www.panoramio.com

This building uses steel roof truss as their roof system . The architect of this building decide using steel

truss because the over exhaustion demand on timber has cause the timber roof truss construction to

grow scarce and steel truss is the best substitute as it is a galvanized based material and a very

enduring protection. As trusses supports the other construction elements of the roof such as roof

battens, it is durable and it is also light,

Figure 11 : Roof of Matrikulasi Kolej

Source : http://www.bestweld.com.my/projects/prj04.htm#sbernam


For my proposed design, for the wall system, I proposed steel truss roof to replace timber truss roof.



ELEMENTS

MANUFACTURER PROPERTIES / FUNCTIONS

STEEL ROOF TRUSS

BESTWELD STEEL

SYSTEM SDN BHD

o Light weight

o Strong

o Non-combustible

o Termite proof

o High durability

o Resist shear force

METAL CLADDING

STEEL C-SHAPED BEAM


Original design : Timber truss roof



Less expensive Requires vigilant control to achieve fire rating

More fire resistant compared to unprotected steel

beam

Subject to rotten if exposed to elements such as

termites

Design Flexibility Will suffer damages if there is violent weather

Good aesthetic

Good sound absorber

Proposed design : Steel truss roof


Light weight Corrodes when exposed to air and water

Less amount of money spend More skilled labor

Fire Resistant Not sound absorbent

Low Maintenance cost

Figure 12: Timber Truss Roof

Source: timberframehome.wordpress.com

Figure 13: Steel Truss Roof

Source: www.roofseal.com.my


Basement never existed in the original design. As for this proposed design, materials used for this basement is reinforced concrete.

2.4 BASEMENT


2.4.1 MATERIALS USED

3.0 WORKING DRAWINGS


4.0 REFERENCES


10 Major Benefits of Wood Flooring, Compared to Other Forms of Flooring. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2015, from http://www.whittlewoods.co.uk/benefits-of-

wooden-flooring

Bergen Fire station / Stein Halvorsen Arkitekter. (2010, December 26). Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://www.archdaily.com/97807/bergen-fire-station-stein-

halvorsen-sivilarkitekter

Bestweld Steel System S/B. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2015, from http://www.bestweld.com.my/products/index.htm

Dolomites House / JM Architecture. (2008, August 11). Retrieved May 6, 2015, from http://www.archdaily.com/4806/dolomites-house-jm-architecture/

Main Fire Station Bergen. (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://de.urbarama.com/project/main-fire-station-bergen

Metric Concrete Industries. (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://www.metric.com.my/content/hollow-core-slab.html#why-slab

The advantages and disadvantages of glass curtain wall by Shirley Hu. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2015, from https://www.apsense.com/article/the-advantages-

and-disadvantages-of-glass-curtain-wall.html

Jm architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://www.jma.it/jm-architecture-dolomites-house-description.html

http://www.whittlewoods.co.uk/benefits-of-wooden-flooring








http://www.archdaily.com/97807/bergen-fire-station-stein-halvorsen-sivilarkitekter












http://www.bestweld.com.my/products/index.htm

http://www.bestweld.com.my/products/index.htm

http://www.archdaily.com/4806/dolomites-house-jm-architecture/








http://de.urbarama.com/project/main-fire-station-bergen








http://www.metric.com.my/content/hollow-core-slab.html#why-slab








https://www.apsense.com/article/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-glass-curtain-wall.html
















http://www.jma.it/jm-architecture-dolomites-house-description.html










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