building technology report
TRANSCRIPT
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [ARC3514 / ARC3512]
Tutor: Ms. Cheryl Ngiam
Ch’ng Xing Yue 0310425
Project 1 – Alternative Construction
Solution and Documentation
CONTENT PAGE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Design Brief And Objectives 1
1.2 Existing Design Drawings
1.2.1 Floor Plans 2-4
1.2.2 Elevations 5
1.2.3 Sections 5
2.0 Precedent Study
2.1 Handmade School Rudrapur, Bangladesh 6-7
2.2 Children's Activity and Learning Center, Thailand 8-9
2.3 Craftstone Stone Veneer Over Brick Wall 10
3.0 Existing and Modified Systems
3.1 Comparison & Analysis
3.1.1 Roof System 11
3.1.2 Floor System 12
3.1.3 Wall System 13
3.2 Material Specifications 14-16
4.0 Appendix 17
5.0 References 18-19
6.0 Working Drawings
Visitor Appreciation Centre
Location: Belum Rainforest Resort
Function: Environmental Education
Users: Tourists, Belum Rainforest Resort, Researchers, Local Community
The main intention of the Visitor Appreciation Centre (VAC) is to create opportunity for
human to experience Nature and instill knowledge on the beauty of the tropical rainforest
while acting as a port directly connecting people to the Royal Belum Rainforest.
Inspired by the tree in the middle of lake surface that relates back to the history of Belum
rainforest and Temenggor lake, this VAC intends to bring out the flow of water through the
movement along the spaces, to experience the surrounding of the site.
To allow adequate daylighting and ventilation through the spaces while creating a warmth
feeling to the building, indigenous materials such as bamboos, timber and rammed earth
are used. The walls are made up of bamboo poles tied together, while the pitched roof is
made up of timber shingles with timber trusses.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Design Brief And Objectives
1
ROOF PLAN N.T.S
1.2 Existing Design Drawings
1.2.1 Floor Plans
2
GROUND FLOOR PLAN N.T.S
3
FIRST FLOOR PLAN N.T.S
4
SOUTH ELEVATION N.T.S.
EAST ELEVATION N.T.S.
SECTION A-A N.T.S.
1.2.2 Elevations
1.2.3 Sections
5
The structure of the school is primarily made of earth mixed with straw, sand, and clay,
which then hand-placed by the locals to form the thick walls. Bricks were used as
foundation to strengthen the structure, with a plastic moisture barrier between it and the
walls above.
For the construction above ground floor, bamboos fixed with steel rod in lieu of bolts
were used as roof and supporting columns and beams. The pinned and lashed bamboo
construction allows the joints to move during strong winds, making it flexible. For the
first floor, bamboo latticework acts as the walls to create an airy and light feel in the
space.
6
2.0 Precedent Study
Prototype of the floor in 1:1 scale Triple layers bamboo of floor frame
With compact earth flooring above
Tying method using nylon
rope at joint with steel
dowel
First floor roof construction resting on
compact earth walls and floor
Floor to column Column to roofJoint of beam, wall and roof supporting column
7
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This manta ray-inspired children center with its large organic canopy cantilevering
up to 8 meters is anchored into a rocky slope and is faced towards the bay. The
canopy formed by the complex intertwining of bamboo members with bamboo
shingles covering it provides shading and protection from the extremes of tropical
climate. Besides the massive roof with open interior spaces ensure the spaces are
always well ventilated and lit from indirect light, maintaining the thermal comfort in
the building.
The interior flooring is made up of local plantation river red gum wood, resting on
the weaved bamboo structures. Due to the versatile characteristics of bamboo
reeds, different sizes of bamboos are used for the construction. The larger poles are
used for the two anchoring columns that attach to a large concrete pylon.
Transitioning from the column base into the roof the sizes of the bamboo members
decrease, to allow more flexibility in making the overall form. Instead, the bamboo
are grouped together to form beams on perpendicular grids. Lastly, the bamboos
are split and flattened to create the roof tiles.
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9
Installation:
Surfaces are cleaned and ensure dry before applying any mortar. The mortar is
applied as a scratch coat, 6mm or 8mm on the bricks to provide a good bonding
surface for the stone veneer. Score the scratch coat horizontally with a notched
trowel to create proper platform for stone placement.
The corner stone should be lay onto the wall first. Flat stone panels are then placed
once the corner stones are lay completely.
10
System Advantages Disadvantages
Existing
Timber shingles with timber trusses
• Recyclable and renewable materials
• Good insulation properties of wood contributing
to long-term energy savings
• Texture and color of wood enhance visual
aesthetic
• Lightweight and low expansion and contraction
rate
• Easy installation
• Durability problem especially with tropical climate
• Maintenance and weather resistance prevention
needed
• Flammable
Proposed
Bamboo shingles with bamboo supporting structure
• Renewable material
• Lightweight and strong
• Flexible, allowing more organic shape
• Good insulation properties
• Cheap and fast growing material
• Easy installation
• Requires preservation, low durability if untreated
• Hard to standardize shape
• Jointing problems
• Lack of design guidance and detailing
• Flammable
3.1.1 Roof System
Precedent studies: Handmade School Rudrapur, Bangladesh
Children's Activity And Learning Center, Thailand
11
3.0 Existing and Modified Systems
3.1 Comparison and Analysis
System Advantages Disadvantages
Existing
Timber planking on wooden beams and columns
• More lightweight compared to rammed earth
flooring
• Good texture and visual appearance
• Easy installation
• Recyclable material
• Requires maintenance and preservation
• Timber is sensitive to humidity and dampness and
overexposure to sunlight
• Less easy jointing and precision compared to steel
structure
• Timber is more expensive than bamboo
Proposed
Rammed earth on bamboo beams and columns
• Distinct appearance and texture
• Natural and readily available
• Reusable after demolishing
• Use of local soil encourages sustainability practice
• Abundant local materials
• Heavy
• Labor intensive for construction
• Requires longer time to construct
• Durability problems and requires care
3.1.2 Floor System
Precedent study: Handmade School Rudrapur, Bangladesh
12
System Advantages Disadvantages
Existing
Rammed earth wall system
• Strong and can be used as load bearing wall
• Pleasant natural appearance and texture
• Use of local material and sustainable
• Good thermal insulation due to high thermal mass
• Better indoor air quality due to the natural material
• Easy disintegration of wall if not properly preserved
due to the exposure of wall system to external
climatic factors
• Labor intensive
• High thermal mass, might absorb too much heat
and increase heat gain of building during hot days
• Longer construction time
• Permeable and absorb moisture if water resistance
layer is not applied
Proposed
Double brick wall with stone veneers
• More light weight and can be used as load bearing
wall
• More variety of stone veneers to choose for wall
cladding
• Easy and fast installation compared to rammed
earth wall
• Good thermal insulation due to high thermal mass
• Brick is locally available material and easy
transportation
• High durability
• Installation has to be done correctly to prevent end
corner and joint problems
• Stone veneer might break off
• High cost if chosen stone veneer is not locally
available
3.1.3 Wall System
Precedent study: Craftstone Stone Veneer Over Brick Walls
13
Elements Materials Sizes and material properties Manufacturer Image
Roof and
Column
System
Bamboo shingles • No standard sizes
• Made up of flattened bamboo sections
Chiangmai Life
Construction Co., Ltd.
Bamboo poles • Diameter: 1 ½” (40mm) to 5” (125mm)
• Length: maximum 20feets (6 meters)
Malaysia Bamboo
Floor
System
Rammed earth floor • High gravel content (up to 60%) for
higher load bearing capacity
Chiangmai Life
Construction Co., Ltd.
Wall System Cape Brown Schist Clad
stone veneer
• 550x 200mm (panels)
• 410 x 200mm (Natural ends)
• 380 x 200mm (90 Degree corner)
Craftstone New Zealand
Ltd.
Clay facing brick • Dimensions: 215 x 102 x 70 mm
• Dry weight: 2.8kg/ piece
• Compressive strength: >45N/mm²
• Water absorption: < 8%
Kia Lim Berhad
3.2 Material Specifications
14
Elements Materials Sizes and material properties Manufacturer Image
Ground
Floor
System
Teak flooring plank Length: 450mm- 2400mm
Width: 80mm/90/mm/100mm
Thickness: 15mm/ 20mm
Westwood Floorings
Bona Oil 45 • 5L and 1L containers
• For timber surface treatment
• Dry solids 45%
• Based on tall oil from pine trees
Bona Norden
Basement
Oldroyd Gtx cavity drainage
membrane
• Studded polypropylene membrane with
geotextile filter fleece
• Function:
-Drainage layer for external basement
waterproofing applications
- Allows moisture to move behind the
membrane and allow for shrinkage
movement when screeds are laid on top
• Size: 2m x 15m
• Thickness: 5mm
• Air Gap (determines flow capacity):
3.5 I/m2
Safeguard Europe Ltd
Vandex Super
• Function: In-depth crystalline active
waterproofing slurry
• Bulk Density: 1.25 kg/l
• Colour: Cement Grey
• Setting Time: 60 minutes
• Aggregate state: Powder
Safeguard Europe Ltd
15
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Elements Materials Sizes and material properties Manufacturer Image
Basement
Blown socket perforated pipe
Length: 6 meters
Diameter: 89mm
To collect and remove surface water in
agricultural, retaining walls and french
drains.
Types available: blown socket and ring
seal socket
Lightweight and easy installation
Brett Martin Ltd
Thistlebond-it plastering • Mixture of Vinyl Acetate emulsion,
mineral fillers, organics additives and
antibacterial agent
• Available in 10 litres tub
• Undercoat for plastering
• Green in color for easy identification
• Does not require dilution
• Contains fine aggregates for better
adhesion
British Gypsum
Manufacturer/ Construction
Company
Address Contact Products/ Services
Craftstone New Zealand Ltd. 6C Piermark Drive | Albany 0632 |
Auckland | NZ
Phone: 09 447 3918
Fax: 09 447 3919
Email: [email protected]
Stone veneer cladding system
Chiangmai Life Construction Co.,
Ltd.
326 Thanon Kan Klong,
T. Nong Kwai,
A. Hangdong,
Chiang Mai, 50230
Thailand
Phone: 053 430 142
Mobile Phone: 0810 288 764
Rammed earth wall, bamboo roofs,
rammed earth floor
Kia Lim Berhad Wisma Ng Hoo Tee,
79, Jalan Muar,
Parit Sulong,
83500 Batu Pahat,
Johor Darul Takzim,
Malaysia.
Phone: (+60) 7 4188 999
Fax: (+60) 7 4188 820
Clay brick manufacturer
Malaysia Bamboo Lot 52, KG Kenangan 18,
43100 Hulu Langat,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Mobile Phone: 019 263 1412 Bamboo poles supplier
Bona Norden Murmansgatan 130200 21 Malmö,
SwedenPhone: 040-38 55 90
Email: [email protected]
Timber flooring treatment wax
Safeguard Europe Ltd. Redkiln Close, Horsham, West
Sussex. United Kingdom. RH13 5QL
Phone: 01403 210204
Fax: 01403 217529
Email: [email protected]
Damp-proofing and waterproofing
products for construction
British Gypsum Gotham Road East Leake
Loughborough Leicestershire LE12
6HX
Phone: 0115 945 1000
Email:
Thistlebond-it
Brett Martin Ltd. 24 Roughfort Road, Newtownabbey,
Co. Antrim, BT36 4RB, UK
Phone: +44 (0) 28 9084 9999
Fax: +44 (0) 28 9083 6666
Email: [email protected]
Plumblng and drainage
Westwood Floorings GF-1, Westwood Heights,
Gandhi Square,
Poonithura, Cochin
Phone: +91 484 3022 000
+91 99959 76666
Fax: +91 484 3022 004
E-mail: [email protected]
Wood floorings
4.0 Appendix
17
5.0 ReferencesAkshay Shah. (2014). A bamboo ecological construction, learning and exhibition centre(Master's thesis, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand).
Retrieved from http://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/
Brettmartin.com,. (2015). Perforated Pipe | Surface Water Drainage Systems | Brett Martin. Retrieved from http://www.brettmartin.com/en-gb/plumbing-and-
drainage/products/underground/surface-water-2/perforated-pipe.aspx
British-gypsum.com,. (2015). Thistle Bond-It . Retrieved, from http://www.british-gypsum.com/products/thistlebond-it
Building technologies: Wood shingle and shake roofing. (207, June). Retrieved from http://www.thenbs.com/topics/ConstructionProducts/articles/shingleRoofing.asp
Chiang Mai Life Construction. (n.d.). Bamboo Treatment. Retrieved from http://www.chiangmailifeconstruction.com/welcome/bamboo/bamboo-treatment/
Craftstone. (n.d.). Construction Details. Retrieved April 27, 2015, from http://www.craftstone.co.nz/construction-details/
Hudson, D. (2013, January 10). 24H architecture: children's activity and learning center, thailand. Retrieved from http://www.designboom.com/architecture/24h-
architecture-childrens-activity-and-learning-center-thailand/
Kia Lim Berhad. (n.d.). Clay Bricks. Retrieved April 30, 2015, from http://www.kialim.com.my/bricks-spec.php
Malaysia Bamboo. (n.d.). Products & Services. Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://www.malaysiabamboo.com/products-services.html
Novak, C. A. (2014, December). Architectural Stone Veneers: Authentic and Appropriate Technology. Retrieved from http://continuingeducation.construction.com
Panyaden School. (2010, July 9). The Bamboo Treatment Process. Retrieved from http://www.panyaden.ac.th/construction-blog/the-bamboo-treatment-process-at-clc/
Purviance, K. (2010, May 3). Handmade School in Bangladesh. Retrieved from http://blog.architectureaddiction.com
Roselieb, M. (2010, December 23). Rain Protection | Panyaden School Construction Blog. Retrieved from http://www.panyaden.ac.th/construction-blog/rain-protection/
18
Safeguardeurope.com,. (2015). Oldroyd Gtx Range | Geotextile cavity drainage membranes for basement waterproofing ∕ vertical and horizontal drainage applications.
Retrieved from http://www.safeguardeurope.com/products/oldroy
Sharma, P., Dhanwantri, K., & Mehta, S. (2014). Bamboo as a Building Material.International Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 5(3), 249-254 © Research.
Retrieved from http://www.ripublication.com/ijcer.htm
Static.safeguardeurope.com,. (2009). Oldroyd Xs. Kragerø Næringspark. Retrieved from http://static.safeguardeurope.com/pdfs/bba_ol
Stephens, S. G. (2012, May 24). METI Handmade School | Rudrapur. Retrieved from http://sgstephens.com/2012/05/24/meti-handmade-school-rudrapur/
The Museum of Moden Art. (n.d.). METI: Handmade School. Retrieved from http://www.moma.org
VandexSuper/ Super White. (2015).
Retrieved from http://static.safeguardeurope.com/pdfs/vandex_super_white.pdf
19