building capacity for disaster management & enhancing resilience leadership for results program...

Building Capacity for Disaster Management & Enhancing

Resilience

Leadership for Results Program for Mid-Level Officers in the Nepalese Civil Service

Dr. Thurid Hustedt Kathmandu, September 22, 2015

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Objectives

Understanding the stages of the disaster management cycle– Deepened understanding of the mitigation and preparedness

stages to enhance resilience Understanding the crucial relevance of resilience Ability to develop concepts, measures and strategies to enhance

resilience in the Nepalese context Ability to apply this knowledge to individual organizational and

professional contexts

Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management

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Session Outline

1. Key terms in disaster management

2. Stages of disaster management

3. Crucial relevance of resilience

4. Group work

5. Wrap-up


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1. Key terms in disaster management


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Clarifying Key Concepts: Stages of Disaster and Crisis Management

Source: CRED 2013: 4


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Key terms in disaster management

Disaster– “A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a

society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.” (UNISDR 2009: 9)

– Natural vs. technical/man-made disasters Hazard

– “A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.” (UNISDR 2009: 17)

– Biological, geological, hydrometeorological, socio- natural, technological

Risk Vulnerability Resilience


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Key terms in disaster management

Vulnerability– “The characteristics and circumstances of a community,

system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.” (UNISDR 2009: 30)

Resilience – “The ability of a system, community or society exposed to

hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.” (UNISDR 2009: 24)


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2. Stages of disaster management


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Stages of disaster management

Many concepts and approaches Stage / phase model most widespread (Alexander

2000, Crondstedt 2002)– Four (sometimes: five) stages – Analytical sequences

• Pre- ,within and post-stage of disasters• Prevention, preparation, response and recovery• Prevention by risk-reduction• Preparing for events • Response by established structural and procedural

arrangements • Recovery, often through policy or organizational reforms to

be ‘better off’ in the next event.Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management

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Source: Coppola 2011: 10 (based on Alexander 2002)


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Mitigation or prevention or risk-reduction – Pre-stage of a disaster – Reducing the likelihood and effects of a hazard– Prevent that society will be adversely affected by a

hazard – Reducing hazard vulnerability

– E.g. reducing greenhouse gas emissions, coastal protection policies, land use policies, building codes (incl. implementation)


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Preparation or preparedness– Pre-stage of a disaster – Establishment of measures to be effective in the

event of a disaster – Reduction of a disaster`s impact when it occurs by

knowing ‘what to do, if’– Precautionary measures

– E.g. emergency response plans, training for emergencies …


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Response – Within-stage of a disaster – Actions and measures taken to minimize or reduce

the impact of a disaster when it occurs or immediately thereafter

– Relief – Preventing further losses or damages – Most complex stage– Information and coordination – E.g. warning and evacuation, rescue measures,

supplying resources (water, food etc.)


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Recovery– Post-stage of a disaster – After the end of the immediate response– Renormalization of lives after the impacts of a

disaster – Repairing and reconstruction – Medium- to long-term time frame – Can involve policy learning, policy change or

organizational reforms – E.g. rebuilding damaged infrastructure,

reimbursement for losses Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management

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Actors in disaster management

All stages– Governmental actors at all levels of government – Emergency management (civil protection) agencies – Parliament (mainly mitigation + preparation)– External actors

• (Scientific) advisory bodies, experts (academia, NGOs) Response: + ‘first response actors`

– Global standard set-up

• Fire departments, police (law enforcement), emergency medical services, emergency management agencies, military, NGOs

Recovery: + International organizations


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3. Crucial relevance of resilience


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Crucial relevance of resilience

Societies/communities with a high degree of resilience suffer less from disasters

Link between development and disaster impacts – Less developed societies suffer more from disasters (low resilience)– 95% of all disaster-related deaths occur in developing countries

(World Bank 2008)• Hazardous locations, weaknesses in urban planning and public

infrastructure, weak informal coping systems, unawareness, absence of early-warning systems …

– Disaster impacts as long-term impediments to development International level

– Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (HFA) (2005)

– Led by the UN, key planning document


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HFA priorities – Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority

with a strong institutional basis for implementation– Identify, assess, and monitor disaster risks and enhance early

warning – Use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a culture of

safety and resilience at all levels– Reduce the underlying risk factors– Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels

Mitigation and preparedness


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Source: Coppola 2011: 13Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management

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Crucial relevance of resilience: Measures to increase resilience I Political

– Building codes and enforcement • In general• For public infrastructure (e.g. earthquake resilient schools)

– Land use + deforestation policies– Urban planning – Creating responsibility (high level coordination body)

Administrative – Coordination arrangements – Communication flow between actors – Creating resilient administrative organizations (locations etc.)– Creating responsibilities – Training for involved actors /simulations


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Crucial relevance of resilience: Measures to increase resilience II Scientific/technical

– Early warning systems – Risk assessments at small scales

Social/cultural– Awareness rising – Education


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Group work


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Lessons learned

Why can disaster management be understood as a cycle?– What are the different stages and their key features?

Why is resilience considered to be of crucial relevance in coping with disasters?– What is it about?– What are key measures to enhance resilience?

What are key issues in disaster management in Nepal? What measures could address those issues to enhance disaster

resilience in Nepal?


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Thanks a lot for your attention!

Dr. Thurid Hustedt Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences University of PotsdamAugust-Bebel-Str. 8914482 PotsdamGermany

[email protected]


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