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LIZA, ERIEL-LYNN E. BUILDING

TECHNOLOGY 1

BSARCHITECTURE ARCH. CESAR

ESGUERRA

DIFFERENT TYPE OF PORTLAND CEMENT

1. White Portland Cement

Same materials as normal portland except in color. The manufacturing process is controlled toproduce a pure white, non-staining cement. It is usedprimarily for architectural purposes such as curtain

wall and facingpanels, decorative concrete stucco and tile grout, or wherever white or colored concrete ormortar is specified.

2.

Masonry Cement

Has been specially designed to produce better mortar than that made with normal Portland cement orwith a lime-cement combination. The mortar made with this cement has particularly good plasticity andworkability, good adhesion and bond.

3. Air-entraining Portland Cement

Small amounts of certain air-entraining agents are added to the clinker and ground with it toproduce air entraining cements, effective use for resistance to severe frost.

4 Oil Well Cement

This is a special portland cement used for sealing oil wells. It mustbe slow setting and resistant to

high temperatures and pressures.

5. Waterproofed Portland Cement

Normallyproduced by adding a small amount of stearate, usually calcium or aluminum to the cement

clinker during the final grinding.

VERNACULAR TERMS IN ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION

DIFFERENT KINDS OF CEMENT

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DIFFERENT KINDS OF AGGREGATES

1. NATURAL AGGREGATES

FINE AGGREGATES- such as crushed stone sand, crushed gravel sand or natural sand with particles

passing on a 5mm (1/4) sieve.- The purpose of the fine aggregate is to fill the voids in the coarse aggregate and to act

as a workability agent.

COARSE AGGREGATES

- Such as crushed stone, crushed gravel or natural gravel, with particles retained on a

5mm sieve (1/4).- As with fine aggregate, for increased workability and economy as reflected by the

use of less cement, the coarse aggregate should have a rounded shape.

2. GAP GRADED AGGREGATESproduce very pleasing appearance. There is a largepercentage of coarse aggregate and a small percentage of fine aggregates with no aggregate in

the intermediate size range.

3. SPECIAL AGGREGATESdecorative aggregates. Include: granite, quartz, quartzite,crystalline, onyx, pebbles, marbles, glass, ceramic, alundum and emery.

4. LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATESaggregate use for light weight structural concrete is

produced by heating such materials as clay, shale or slate.

5. PERLITE/ VERMICULITE(pyroclastic materials from volcanic eruption) used for

building insulation for indoor temperature control (wall filler).

DIFFERENT KINDS OF CONCRETE AD MIXTURE

1. MINERAL ADMIXTURE- are usually added to concrete in larger amounts to enhance the workability of fresh concrete; to

improve resistance of concrete to thermal cracking, alkali-aggregate expansion, and sulfateattack; and to enable a reduction in cement content.- are finely divided siliceous materials which are added to concrete in relatively large amounts,generally in the range of 20 to 70 percent by mass of the total cementitious material.

FLY-ASHa by-product of coal fired electric generating plants, it is used to partiallyreplace Portland cement (by up to 60% by mass). The properties of fly ash depend on the

type of coal burnt. In general, siliceous fly ash is pozzolanic, while calcareous fly ash has

latent hydraulic properties.

SILICA FUMEa by-product of the production of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys. Silicafume is similar to fly ash, but has a particle size 100 times smaller. This results in a

higher surface to volume ratio and a much faster pozzolanic reaction. Silica fume is usedto increased strength and durability of concrete, but generally requires the use of super

plasticizers for workability.

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METAKAOLINproduces concrete with strength and durability similar to concretemade with silica fume. While silica fume is usually dark gray or black in color, high-

reactivity matakaolin is usually bright white in color, making it the preferred choice forarchitectural concrete appearance is important.

GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAGa by-product of steel

production is used to partially replace Portland cement (by up to 80% by mass). It has alatent hydraulic properties.

- Is obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or stream, toproduce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.

2. CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE

- are materials in the form of powder or fluids that are added to the concrete to give it certaincharacteristics not obtainable with plain concrete mixes. In normal use, admixture dosages are less than5% by mass of cement and are added to the concrete at the time of batching/mixing.

ACCELERATORSspeed up the hydration (hardening) of the concrete.

RETARDERSslow the hydration of concrete. PLASTICIZERSincrease the workability of plastic or fresh concrete. AIR-ENTRAINING AGENTSspreads out evenly air bubbles inside concrete mixture,

making it more compact and homogenous, and avoiding large empty voids. PIGMENTScan be used to change the colour of concrete, for aesthetics.

WHAT ARE MORTARS AND CONCRETE?

1. MORTARS(cement, sand and water) a hardening material of specially selected mixtures of a

binder. Used in building to bond bricks or stones.

2. CONCRETE(aggregate; coarse, fine, Cement, Sand and Admixture) a heavy, rough building

material made from a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand cement and water that can bespread or poured. Extensively used for making architectural structures, foundations, pavements

etc.