bronchodilating drugs
DESCRIPTION
Bronchodilating Drugs. Pat Woodbery, ARNP, CS Professor of Nursing. How Do These Drugs Work?. Relieve Bronchoconstriction. Types of Bronchodilators. Adrenergics Anticholinergic Anti-inflammatory Leukotriene Inhibitor Mast Cell Stabilizer. Adrenergics Albuterol (Proventil). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Bronchodilating Drugs
Pat Woodbery, ARNP, CS
Professor of Nursing
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How Do These Drugs Work?
• Relieve Bronchoconstriction
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Types of Bronchodilators
• Adrenergics
• Anticholinergic
• Anti-inflammatory
• Leukotriene Inhibitor
• Mast Cell Stabilizer
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Adrenergics
Albuterol (Proventil)
• Stimulate Beta 2 Receptors in the bronchi and bronchioles
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Anticholinergic
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
• Block the Action of Acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle
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Anti-inflammatory
Beclomethasone (Vanceril)
• Suppress inflammation in the airways
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Leukotriene Inhibitors
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
• Decrease mucus secretion and mucus production
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Mast Cell StabilizerCromolyn (Intal)
• Prevents the release of bronchoconstrictive and inflammatory substances
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XanthinesTheophylline (Theo-Dur)
• Multi-Action: Not used often
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Patient Teaching
• Chronic Illness• Inhaled bronchodilators work
fast, others work slow! • Take bronchodilators FIRST!
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Nursing Actions
• Respiratory Rate and Character
• Respiratory Improvement or Distress
• Therapeutic Levels of Theophylline
• Adverse Effects
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Antihistamines
Lecture by Pat Woodbery ARNP, CS
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Antihistamines Antagonize the Action of
Histamine• Histamine found in tissues exposed to
environment(eyes, nose, lungs, GI)
• Histamine mainly found in Mast Cell
• Histamine found in Basophils (RBC)
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Histamine Causes: Stimulation of H1 Receptors
• Contraction of smooth muscle= Wheeze
• Stimulation of Vagus = Cough
• Permeability veins = Edema
• Vasodilation = Flushing
• secretions = Mucous
• Stimulation of nerve endings = Pruritus
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Histamine Causes: Stimulation of H2 Receptors
• Gastric Acid and Pepsin = Abdominal Pain
• Rate & Force of Myocardial Contraction = Tachycardia
• Vasodilation = Hypotension, Flushing, HA
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When Histamine is Stimulated How Does the Client Look?
• Allergic Rhinitis
• Allergic Bronchitis
• Allergic Conjunctivitis
• Allergic Dermatitis
• Anaphylaxis
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Prototype Drugs
Diphenhydramine (Benedryl)
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Nursing Assessment
• Why is the client getting this drug?• Is there any reason the client should not
get an Antihistamine?• Pregnancy, glaucoma, ulcer, medication
interaction, allergy???• Drowsiness ?• Dry secretions ? ( Think of Asthma)• Alcohol ?
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Special Considerations
• Prevention of Allergic Reaction is the Best Care
• Paradoxical Excitement May Occur
• Use in Elder May Cause Confusion
• Consider Side Effects: Dryness, Drowsiness
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The END
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Nasal Decongestant, Antitussive, Expectorant, Mucolytic
Lecture by Pat Woodbery,MSN ARNP, CS
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Drugs for Respiratory Disorders
Adrenergic Agents• Sympathomimetic Drugs
• Relieve Nasal Obstruction by constricting arterioles and blood flow
• Treatment of rhinitis
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Prototype DrugsNasal Decongestants
• Pseudoephridine (Sudafed)
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Antitussive Drugs
• Suppress the cough center in the Medulla• Suppress the cough receptors in the throat, lungs• Narcotic, nonnarcotic• Local anesthetics• Lozengers
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Prototype DrugsAntitussive
• Codeine
• Dextromethorphan (Benylin DM)
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Expectorants
• Prototype Drug: Guaifenesin (Robitussin)
• Liquefy Respiratory Secretions
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Mucolytic Drugs
• Prototype Drug: Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
• Inhalant
• Liquefy mucous
• Effective within 1 minute peaks in 5-10 minutes
• Used for Tylenol overdose... given orally
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Nursing Interventions
• Relieve Symptoms…NOT a cure
• Nose drops for no more then 7 days
• Read the labels carefully
• Note if syrups……remember sugar!
• Report palpitations, dizziness, drowsiness
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• Side effects: tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension (adrenergic effects)
• Rebound nasal congestion• Many drugs alter the effects of OTC cold
remedies……BE CAREFUL…..HTN, Arrhythmias!
Summary