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BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Syamsu

Division of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyDepartment of Internal Medicine

Medical Faculty of Hasnuddin University

Makassar

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SYAMSU

DIVISION OFALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE MEDICAL FACULTY

HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY MAKASSAR

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SUBTITLES

1. Definition

2. Burden of asthma

3. Risk factors

4. Mechanisms of asthma

5. Diagnosis & Classification6. Management

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DEFINITION

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the

airways in which many cells and cellular elements

play a role. The chronic inflammation causes anassociated increase in airway hyperresponsiveness

that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing,

breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing,

particularly at night or in the early morning. Theseepisodes are usually associated with widespread but

variable airflow obstruction that is often reversible

either spontaneously or with treatment (GINA, 2004)

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BURDEN OF ASTHMA

150 million asthmatics worldwide

Prevalence increasing in most countries

Significant cause of school/work absence

Health care expenditure very high

1 million unnecessary death each decade Hospitalization and mortality still increase

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Defisiensi

Kalori mudah terkena infeksi

Protein me fagositosis Vitamin dan mineral thd sel T, B, makrofag,

neutrofil

Nutrisi yang berlebihan

Mudah terkena infeksi

Gizi seimbang imunitas baik

Nutrisi dan Imunitas

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Pengaruh defisiensi vitamin danmineral terhadap imunitas

Vitamin

A

Thiamin

RiboflavinB6

B12

Biotin

Asam pantotenat

Asam folatC

D

E

Niasin dan triptofan

Sel T

+++

+++

++

++

++

Sel B

+++

++

+++++

+

+++

+++

+++

++

++

++

Makrofag

++

++

Neutrofil

++

+

++

++

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MECHANISMS OF ASTHMA

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Pengobatan standar OAT

Bila disertai difesiensi imun :OAT + levamizol

Histological alternations of the bronchial mucosa in asthma due to inflammatory and remodeling

processes

Mechanisms of the late phase allergicreaction

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SUMMARY

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which

many cells and cellular elements play a role that leads to recurrent

episode of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness andcoughing particularly at night or in the early morning.

Prevalence and mortality rate still increase in many countries.

The risk factors covered host factors and environmental factors

The mechanisms involve a cascade of events involving many

different kinds of cells, factors and mediators that interact to

create the characteristic inflammatory and tissue remodeling

processes of asthma

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1. Kasper DL et a : HARRISONS PRINCIPLESOF INTERNAL MEDICINE, 16THEDITION,2005

2. Abbas AK and Lichtman AH : CELLULAR ANDMOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY, 5THEDITION,2005

3. Kay AB : ALLERGY AND ALLERGICDISEASES, 7THEDITION, 2004

4. OByrne P ET AL : GLOBAL INITIATIVE FORASTHMA, 2004

FUTHER RE DING