4th Asia-Pacific 4th Asia-Pacific Base Oil ConferenceBase Oil Conference

March 1-2, 2010March 1-2, 2010

The Fundamentals The Fundamentals of Hydraulic Fluidsof Hydraulic Fluids

March 3, 2010 March 3, 2010

The Fundamentals The Fundamentals of the Base Oil Businessof the Base Oil BusinessMarch 2, 2010March 2, 2010

16th Annual Fuels & 16th Annual Fuels & Lubes Asia ConferenceLubes Asia ConferenceMarch 3-5, 2010 March 3-5, 2010

March 1, 2010

Keynote Presentation: The Outlook for Energy - A View to 2030 Dick Liu (ExxonMobil Corp.)Economic progress and growing populations, especially in developing countries, will drive energy demand approximately 35% higher in 2030 versus 2005. This demand increase is anticipated despite substantial efficiency gains, which are expected to accelerate as new technologies are developed and deployed. Rising transportation needs will increase related energy requirements approximately 40% by 2030, even as light-duty vehicles with much better fuel economy penetrate the market. The rise in transportation demand will be met primarily by oil, which will provide close to 95% of all transportation fuels in 2030

The Lube Base Oil Market in AsiaTony Regan (Tri-Zen International) As a region, Asia-Pacific now dominates the global market for lubes and base oils and continues to grow. The number of market participants and their capabilities are also growing, driven in part by a demand for quality. Other factors influencing the rapid changes in the market include the globalization of vehicle markets, leading to requirements for uniform and consistent standards. While the majors continue to have a dominant role in the region and Singapore remains a base oil trading hub, the national oil companies have an increasing presence and influence.

F&L Week in SingaporeMarch 1-5, 2010

The Regent Hotel Singapore (a Four Seasons Hotel)

The 4th Asia-Pacific Base Oil ConferenceMarch 1-2, 2010

Chairmen: Steve Puckett and Harland Bulow (Tri-Zen International)

The Changes in the Global Base Oil Market and their Potential Impact on the Lubricant IndustryValentina Serra-Holm (Nynas AB)The global base oil market is going through a period of great changes and challenges. First, the rationalization of Group I production is not anymore a possible scenario, but has become reality. Secondly, the global capacity of Group II and Group III base oils has significantly increased during the last years and new capacity has been announced to come on stream in the coming years. In the unpredictability of global events, one thing appears quite likely and that is that the future base oil market will be very different from the way it looks today.

Technology for High-Quality Lubricants ProductionSylvain Hantzer and Michael B. Davis (ExxonMobil Research & Engineering)World lubricant production continues a trend toward higher-quality Group II and Group III products, putting pressure on Group I production. Grass roots capacity is now targeted almost exclusively to Group II/II+ and Group III/III+ products. Meanwhile, more Group I units are developing projects to revamp production up to the Group II/III level.

Passenger Car Motor Oils: Base Oil Balancing ActA.K. Bhan (Hindustan Petroleum Corp. Ltd.)The lubricant business in India is moving towards a period of rapid change. Base oil manufacturing is shifting from solvent refining and solvent dewaxing to hydrocracking, severe hydro-refining and wax isomerization. Refiners are shifting to manufacturing Group II and Group III base stocks.

Insights into Base Oil Market TrendsRob van Wechem (Base Oil Market)This presentation will discuss the effects of the global economic crisis on base oil prices in 2008-2009, not only in Asia, but also in Europe which traditionally has been a net exporter of base oils to this region. Base oil supply and demand and key drivers will also be discussed by a representative from Base Oil Market.

Base Oils Price Relationship to Refined Products: Will a Forward Market Develop?Iain Pocock, Base Oil Editor, Argus Media Ltd.This paper will discuss the link between middle distillates and base oil prices, as well as trends in middle distillate supply and demand and their impact on base oils. Using middle distillate forward curves to predict base oil prices and profitability, the presentation will also discuss the potential for developing a forward market for base oil.

Offsite Dinner, North Border Bar & Grill*, Rochester ParkSponsored by F&L Asia

` (*Vegetarian meals can be served with advance notice)

March 2, 2010

Keynote Presentation: China's Car Market is Number One: Will the Middle Kingdom Go Electric Next?Michael Dunne (Dunne & Company)China surpassed the United States in 2009 to become the largest car market in the world. Chinese consumers bought 13.6 million cars, trucks and buses last year, a stunning 46% increase over 2008. Where enormous car markets lead, worries about energy security soon follow. China already imports more than half of the oil it consumes. Ninety-nine percent of vehicles running on Chinese roads today are powered by conventional gasoline and diesel engines. In 2009, China's central government announced an ambitious plan to lift electric vehicle demand to 500,000 units by 2011.China has an opportunity to avoid American-style addiction to oil. Will China make the leap from a giant market maker to a giant "new energy" innovator?

Sinopecs International Marketing Strategy Song Yunchang (Sinopec Lubricant Co.)

Group III Base Oils in ChinaWinston Low (Feoso Energy/Haixia Petroleum)

A Call for Oil Recycling in China: Development and ChallengesDaniel M. Cheng, Managing Director, Dunwell Enviro-Tech (Holdings) Ltd.The Chinese economy has been expanding with double digit growth in the past decade. Despite the global financial tsunami, lube consumption in China in 2008 remained at about 600 million tons, which is comparable to the whole European consumption. Relatively high crude oil prices, the fluctuating supply of base oil, stricter enforcement of environmental measures and greater awareness of the importance of recycling of important resources have prompted China to develop a sound, feasible and economically viable used oil recycling operations in the country. How much foreign experience could be leveraged and adopted in China? What are the challenges behind? This presentation examines the local situation and some emerging models within China.

The Fundamentals of the Base Oil Business

A half-day training course held in conjunction with the 4th Asia-Pacific Base Oil Conference

Learn how the economics of base oils are developed from the suppliers viewpoint. From crude oil source, to the refining process, demand drivers and specifications, etc. to shipping, storage, payment arrangements, contracts/general terms of purchase (and sale).

Target audience: Blenders/end-users, refinery, purchasing , supply chain/logistics personnel of oil companies, re-sellers/traders

Instructors:Dr. Mike Hession, former General Manager Lubes business for Petronas and Director Technology & Supply Chain for BP-Castrol, Senior Consultant, Tri-Zen InternationalHarland Bulow, former Asia Pacific General Manager Base Oils Supply & Trading & Business Development with Mobil Corp. (now ExxonMobil Corp.), Senior Consultant, Tri-Zen International

March 3, 2010

The Fundamentals of Hydraulic Fluids

A one-day course on hydraulic fluids held in conjunction with the 16th Annual Fuels & and Lubes Asia Conference

The course will be a basic introduction to hydraulic fluids and will cover mineral oil types, fire-resistant and environmentally acceptable fluids with respect to their function, classification, formulation, properties, methods of test, advantages and disadvantages, applications, specifications and commercial aspects

Target audience: The course is mainly targeted at engineers and chemists who either require an introduction to the subject or a "refresher" course. However, nontechnical personnel will also gain an understanding of the performance and properties of this most important segment of the industrial oil market.

Instructors:W. David Phillips, former Technical and Marketing Manager, Petroleum Additives Business, Great Lakes Chemical Corp. (now Chemtura Corp.) and chairman of U.K. and European Hydraulic Fluids CommitteesMichael Zink, Global Business Manager-Hydraulic Fluids, Evonik RohMax USA

F&L Week in SingaporeMarch 1-5, 2010

The Regent Hotel Singapore (a Four Seasons Hotel)

March 3, 2010

Welcoming Cocktail Reception, 6-8 PMSponsored by RohMax Oil Additives

March 4, 2010

Fuel Economy and Emissions SessionChairman: Gary Parsons (Chevron Oronite)

Keynote PresentationRon Kiskis (Chevron Oronite)

"Fuels and Lubes Testing with Regard to Future CO2 Emission RequirementsTono Nasch (I.S.P GmbH & Co.)To guarantee the protection of future mobility, numerous tightened requirements have to be considered including amongst others, resource shortages, legislative CO2 restrictions as well as the pattern of automobile utilization which is steadily changing. Based on these facts new challenges also arise in the field of fuels and lubes testing. The fuel saving potential related to crankcase and transmission oils is more and more of significant interest and already reflects today one of the most important test parameter.

F&L Week in SingaporeMarch 1-5, 2010

The Regent Hotel Singapore (a Four Seasons Hotel)16th Annual Fuels & Lubes Asia Conference

March 3-5, 2010

"Combining Durability and Fuel Economy in Heavy-Duty Diesel LubricantsKeith Howard, Mike Sutton, Graham Marshall (Lubrizol Ltd, UK); Tao Chunsheng (First Auto Works, China)Durability is even more critical when the operating severities of the Chinese market are taken into account. Data are presented from a data logging exercise performed on a highly loaded Chinese vehicle, with comparisons to similar data from a European vehicle. These comparisons demonstrate the differences in severity between China and Europe and the implications they will have on the lubricant, highlighting the need for high-quality lubricants that will protect Chinese vehicles in operation.

The Right Oil for Motorcycle Fuel EconomyMark F. Wilkes and Adam C Kidson (Lubrizol Corp.)Within Asia, the 4-stroke motorcycle market has significant fuel efficiency improvement potential. Given this, the possible benefits of fuel efficient lubricants in Asia are significant. Conventional passenger car fuel economy oils are becoming less suitable for 4-stroke application. However, withthe right oil for the application, improvements in motorcycle fuel economy are possible and demonstrable with the new oil additive technologies and testing techniques discussed in this paper. These advances in technology have the potential to provide a significant contribution going forward as our industries strive to respond to fuel economy needs.

Lubricant Contribution to Improved Fuel Economy in Heavy-Duty Diesel EnginesWim van Dam, Peter Kleijwegt, Marnix Torreman, Yoshitaka Takeuchi and Gary Parsons (Chevron Oronite LLC)This paper addresses the impact that diesel engine lubricants can have on improving fuel economy. The impact of various aspects of engine oil formulations on fuel economy will be discussed such as viscosity grade, base oil type, viscosity index modifiers, and friction modifiers. The evaluations discussed in this paper are based on fuel economy measurements in a standardized laboratory engine test.

Passenger Car Motor Oil and Fuel Economy: Exploring Beyond 24 SSI Viscosity Index ImproversKirk A. Nass, David S. George, Pritesh A. Patel and Yu Bai Qiang (Chevron Oronite Company)The majority of the passenger car motor oils (PCMO) in Asia use Viscosity Index Improvers (VII) which have a Shear Stability Index (SSI) of 25 or lower. One of the perceived benefits of using the lower SSI VII in PCMO is viscosity retention at long drain intervals. However, stay-in-grade viscosity retention at long drain intervals can also be achieved using a VII of higher SSI, such as 35 or 50, as demonstrated in the U.S. and Japanese PCMO markets for many years. In this presentation, we will demonstrate the benefits of using higher SSI VII in PCMO that allow better formulation flexibility and achieve improved fuel economy in a cost-effective way.

Passenger Car Motor Oil and Fuel Economy: Exploring Beyond 24 SSI Viscosity Index ImproversKirk A. Nass, David S. George, Pritesh A. Patel and Yu Bai Qiang (Chevron Oronite Company)The majority of the passenger car motor oils (PCMO) in Asia use Viscosity Index Improvers (VII) which have a Shear Stability Index (SSI) of 25 or lower. One of the perceived benefits of using the lower SSI VII in PCMO is viscosity retention at long drain intervals. However, stay-in-grade viscosity retention at long drain intervals can also be achieved using a VII of higher SSI, such as 35 or 50, as demonstrated in the U.S. and Japanese PCMO markets for many years. In this presentation, we will demonstrate the benefits of using higher SSI VII in PCMO that allow better formulation flexibility and achieve improved fuel economy in a cost-effective way.

Improved Work and Fuel Efficiency in Construction EquipmentBarton J. Schober, Brian Filippini and Elizabeth Schiferl (Lubrizol Corporation), Brian Bentley, Brian Koehler, Michael Lochte and Matt Jackson (Southwest Research Institute)We have investigated the use of standardized efficiency test procedures to determine the effect of fluid properties on equipment efficiency. Two Japanese Construction and Mechanization Association (JCMAS) methods were adapted to measure the work and fuel efficiency of a wheel loader and an excavator. Results of our testing reveal the effect of viscosity grade and viscosity index on the overall efficiency of this equipment. With proper selection of fluid, it is possible to increase work output while decreasing work time and fuel consumption.

Development of Fuel Economy Gear Oil TechnologyTony Rollin (Afton Chemical)There is only one way for the OEMs to go - producing cars and trucks that are more fuel efficient with extended durability. As a result, oil producers and additive technology developers are being increasingly asked by OEMs to help them achieve the goal from the lubricant side. It is well established that axle efficiency can contribute a big portion of the vehicle fuel economy. To develop gear oil that can increase significantly the efficiency of the axles, first a rapid and highly reproducible rig test needs to be developed. With the dependable tool on hand, we can then proceed to develop a fuel efficient gear oil technology, which has durability in services. We investigate contributions of base oil viscosity, base oil chemistry, and additive chemistry to fuel economy of gear oils.

Influence of Gear Oil Formulations on the Fuel Economy of Passenger CarsDirk Wienecke (Volkswagen AG), Wilfried J. Bartz (Technische Akademie Esslingen, Germany)Energy savings by tribological measures means the reduction of friction and wear caused losses by optimized design and materials selection, surface engineering as well lubrication engineering. Minimizing the fuel consumption of cars requires the reduction of energy losses within the complete driving system of the vehicle. Gear losses and gear efficiency depend on transmitted power, speed, lubrication regime, material, surface conditions, geometry and especially on the lubricant itself. In this presentation, the influences of gear oil viscosity, different base oil types and several additives on the power losses and by that on fuel economy was calculated. Also, the influence of splash losses within the gear were evaluated.

Friction and Fuel Economy Retention in Passenger Car Motor Oil FormulationsVivek Palekar, Trevor Miller, Yat Fan Suen and Dave Uppal (Chevron Oronite Company LLC)Fuel economy of internal combustion engines has played an important role for engine designers for decades. The interest in fuel economy is driven by competitive market forces as well as government mandates and regulations. For PCMO formulations, the Sequence VI engine test has been optimized over time to evaluate Phase 1 fresh oil fuel economy as well as Phase 2 aged oil fuel economy. Phase 1 fuel economy seems to be driven by a combination of lubricant rheology such as HTHS viscosity as well as lubricity additives such as friction modifiers. The impact of various aspects of engine oil formulations on friction and fuel economy will be discussed.

Singapore Biodiesel ProjectKlaus Landhaeusser (Bosch)

Hydrocarbon Drop-in Biofuels and Other Chemicals from Waste BiomassCesar Granda (Terrabon Inc.)The MixAlco process converts any anaerobically biodegradable material (e.g., proteins, cellulose, hemicellulose, fats, pectin) into a wide array of chemicals and fuels, including drop-in biofuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Such conversion occurs by anaerobic fermentation of the biomass into mixed carboxylic acids by a mixed culture of naturally occurring microorganisms followed by the conversion of the mixed acids into the desired chemicals or fuels using conventional chemistry. Terrabon, Inc. is actively commercializing this technology, focusing, at present, in the use of municipal solid waste (MSW) (i.e., garbage) as feedstock and gasoline and jet fuel as the products. Projections show that the production cost of the bio-gasoline resulting from this process at less than US$2 per gallon or US$0.55 per liter, from US$10 per ton of MSW. Details on this technology, some results from Terrabons demonstration and pilot plant testing and Terrabons commercialization strategy will be discussed.

Title to be announcedPTT

The Impact of Biodiesel on Injector Fouling in Modern Direct Injection Diesel Engines and the Demands on Diesel Fuel Detergents in Today's MarketRobert Barbour, Avtar Panesar, Robert Quigley, David Arters and Keith Corkwell (Lubrizol Limited)Modern injectors have tighter tolerances and are designed to operate to a precisely defined injection strategy. Unfortunately, diesel fuel and biodiesel can oxidize under the higher temperatures and pressures experienced in modern direct injection fuel systems and this can lead to the formation of deposits on the injector tip and inside the narrow injector channels. When this happens the injectors do not operate efficiently and a reduction in engine power is observed. It is therefore imperative that injector deposits are prevented from forming and when they do form they can be removed. This paper shows that optimized diesel fuel detergents can meet the wider range of demands that exist in today's market.

Fuels and Additives SessionChairman: Joanne Sofia Chong (ACFA)

New Generation Oil Additive Technology for Locomotive Engines Operating on Low & Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel FuelJoseph Timar (Chevron Oronite Co. LLC)Given the significant changes the locomotive industry is experiencing, the development of an optimized engine oil additive chemistry specifically designed for use with low and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels and modified to meet the expected Tier 3 emissions control systems with special consideration for possible Tier 4 engine designs, was commissioned. This paper describes the development of a new low ash additive package formulation designed to meet these requirements in support of the expected Locomotive Maintenance Officers Association (LMOA) Generation 6 engine lubricants.

The Changing Appetite of Modern Engines for Fuel Detergents and their Application to Direct Injection Gasoline EnginesJohn Bennett and Lau Teck Aun (Afton Chemical)Fuel additives have a long history of protecting engines against deposits, and their use continues to grow. However, additives that have been successful in addressing deposits in the more conventional port fuel injected (PFI) engines may not protect DIG engines. As the numbers of DIG engine vehicles increases rapidly, it is important that both engine types be considered when developing new fuel additive packages.

Intake System Deposit Field Survey and Deposit Control Additive Performance Evaluation in China Satoshi Ohta and Yasuhiro Ogasawara (Chevron Japan Ltd, Oronite)Advanced engine technology such as Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) is representative of the most advanced engines available in China market right now. In addition to the improvement in engine technology, fuel quality improvements have been implemented gradually in China. Treating all of the gasoline in China with deposit control additives could significantly reduce air pollution. However, there is currently limited information available for China gasoline quality and deposit formation tendency in which to base additive type and treat rate decisions on.

Cold flow Improvers Increase the Value of BiofuelsR. Koschabek, R. Sondjaja, F.-O. Mhling, A. Dardin (Evonik RohMax Additives GmbH)RohMax has developed a portfolio of cold flow improvers covering all types of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), including the most prominent ones derived from palm, soy, jatropha, rapeseed (canola), tallow or used cooking oils. RohMax VISCOPLEX cold flow improvers can be tailored to optimize cold flow performance in terms of CFPP, PP and/orCP as well as re-melting and fuel filterability. VISCOPLEX products have been tested for compatibility with antioxidants and Middle Distillate Flow Improvers (MDFI) in Bxx fuels and can be used passing all the relevant no-harm criteria. The paper includes performance data and draws conclusions for economical saving potentials at fuel manufacturers and fuel blenders.

Benefits of Synesstic Alkylated Naphthalene (AN) Basestocks in High Performance LubricantsAmy Long (ExxonMobil Chemical)ExxonMobil Chemicals Synesstic Alkylated Naphthalene (AN) Basestocks offers formulators a blend component which can improve the thermal and oxidative stability of lubricants blended with Group I, II, III, and IV basestocks. Used in a similar manner to esters, Synesstic AN Basestocks provides good additive and deposit solvency while providing seal swell capability. However, when replacing esters, Synesstic AN Basestocks may offer improved additive effectiveness and hydrolytic stability further enhancing the performance.

Lubrizol 9040 Zer0 Series Diesel Additives: The Revolution ContinuesRobert Barbour and Kim Yong Goh (Lubrizol Corp.)It has been just over a year since the successful launch of Lubrizols new 9040 Series of multifunctional diesel fuel additives, centered on the patent pending Lubrizol 9040 Zer0 Series deposit control additive (DCA). Lubrizols work in the last year has focused on increasing the already significant body of results in the CEC F-98-08 DW10 injector fouling test that were available at the time of the ranges launch. The extensive commercial adoption of 9040 Series products by fuel marketers across the globe confirms the excellent `no-harms profile found in laboratory and field testing.

Commercial SessionChairman: R.A. Rao (Consultant)

Multi-Metal Corrosion Inhibitor for Metalworking FluidsAnil Choudhary (BASF)IRGASOL CI 5080 is a multi-metal corrosion inhibitor developed for applications in metalworking fluids (MWF). The products CI functionality works well in ferrous, aluminum and yellow metals. Performance in aluminum is resilient even at high pH conditions (beyond 10.5). IRGASOL CI 5080 is completely soluble in water and glycol, promoting use in synthetic and semi-synthetic formulations, as well as top-treat applications via tank-side addition. IRGASOL CI 5080 also works like a secondary emulsifier which improves the emulsification properties of soluble oils. IRGASOL CI 5080 is stable under hard water conditions and can be used alone or synergistically with other corrosion inhibitors including amine salt of carboxylic acid.

Title to be announcedChevron Oronite

Title to be announcedRhein Chemie, a Lanxess subsidiary

Keynote Presentation: Future Cars: What are Needed under the Energy and Climate Change CrisisStephen Hsu (George Washington University, USA)Hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles will give way to fuel cell hydrogen cars. But there will also be a complete rethink about transportation in general. Personal vehicles, sedan, trucks, diesel locomotive, ship engines, etc. How an optimized transportation system will look like and what happens to conventional fuels, what OEMs are doing with their current technology to reach 35 miles per gallon, what are the 2050 fuel economy targets and how OEMs are going to get there are the subject of this talk.

Copenhagen and Decarbonisation of Road Transport - Future Powertrain & Energy Options Paul Greening (ACEA)

Survey and Analysis of Catalytic Converter Deterioration on In-Use Vehicles in ChinaLi Mengliang (China Automotive Technology and Research Center)In this study, the modes of deterioration experienced by TWCs on State II-certified gasoline vehicles in real-world use in China were investigated through a combination of vehicle emissions testing and detailed post-mortem catalytic converter analysis. Whole vehicle emissions control system performance for 108 vehicles was measured using Type I testing procedures to determine whether or not vehicles met applicable emissions standards. A subset of catalysts from eighteen vehicles in this pool was further examined using typical catalyst characterization methods, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and surface area measurement by nitrogen adsorption (BET), to determine the potential causative factors behind catalyst underperformance.

Automotive Session: Future Vehicles (Hybrid/Electric)Chairman: Steve Puckett (Tri-Zen International)

Case study on the Diesel-Powered Light Commercial Vehicle SegmentParag Daithankar, Kiran Vairagkar, K. Nandhakumar, Kulkarni Hemant and Prakash Rao Malathakar, Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd, NashikIn India, the diesel segment is growing fast as the preferred option for better fuel economy and emission. The diesel segment is spread across three segments viz. personal vehicle, light commercial vehicles and heavy commercial vehicles. Usage pattern for all three segments are totally different. Although fuel economy demands are common for all, the emission norms and driving cycles are different per application. Accordingly vehicle design and power train selection,for all three has different challenges. Demand from the light commercial segment is more challenging in terms of requirements as per the usage pattern. The present paper gives an overview about the vehicle design and power train selection and optimization for the diesel powered Light commercial vehicle, for best fuel economy and low emissions.

Panel Discussion on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

Keynote Presentation: Helping Customers to Use Less: Today and TomorrowAndrew Foulds, Vice President Lubricants Technology (Shell)Getting companies and consumers to become more energy-efficient could potentially have a major impact on the amount of energy currently consumed. Approximately more than half the energy that is generated is wasted every day. The International Energy Agency estimates that by 2030, the equivalent of 1.3 billion barrels of oil could be saved through cost-effective energy efficiency measures. Application innovations leading to new and tougher requirements from the OEMs and the likelihood that governments will continue to seek tighter regulation of emissions means that suppliers will need to build close relationships with equipment manufacturers to help them develop more energy-efficient engines. This will require oil companies to continue investing in research and development to formulate products that further improve energy efficiency for customers. Suppliers that collaborate with OEMs in both the design and development of new and improved technology will increase the opportunities for commercialization of differentiated products as well as improve their competitive advantage.

Tailor-made Polyalkylmethacrylate Base fluids for the Next Generation of Wind Turbine Gear LubricantsMichael Mller, Christoph Wincierz, Roland Schweder (Evonik RohMax Additives GmbH)Wind turbine technology has advanced quickly, with turbines growing dramatically in power output. This leads to increasing requirements for gear and bearing lubrication, as specific solutions are needed for higher loads and heavier duty cycles. The rapid growth of offshore wind energy parks with their restricted accessibility will drive demand for extended service intervals. This presentation will outline the different wind turbine gear box specifications and the most important technical requirements. A new generation of synthetic base fluids based on Polyalkylmethacrylates (PAMAs) will be introduced. Their impact on the viscometrics and other important properties of wind turbine lubricants will be demonstrated in formulation examples and in comparison to PAO 40 and 100.

Honda Motorcycle Engine Oil Conception and Promotion: CO2 Reduction for Environmental ProtectionMasatoshi Akagi (Honda R&D Motorcycle R&D Center)

Fluid Solutions to Prevent Varnish Formation in Industrial ApplicationsBetsy Butke, Brian Filippini, Robert Profilet and Matthew Sivik (Lubrizol Corporation)The competitive nature of the industrial lubricants market has created a trend of increasing power output and higher operating temperatures. This can result in increased oil temperatures, higher oxidation rates and eventually, the onset of varnish. Varnish has many implications including reduced filtration efficiency, valve sticking, and heat transfer issues ultimately causing unplanned downtime. Replacing or cleaning servo valves and other internal components coated with varnish can add significant cost to industrial hydraulic, gear and turbine applications. This paper will discuss studies that have been developed to create varnish in industrial test rigs. Studies will be presented that compare traditional industrial fluids with novel technologies designed to prevent varnish formation in industrial applications while still maintaining other key performance properties.

Lubricants SessionChairman: Mike Hession (Tri-Zen International)

Engineered Lubricants to meet Future Transmission DesignWilliam D. Abraham, Susie Hurley and James L. Sumiejski (Lubrizol Corporation)The number one objective for the automotive industry is the quest for improved fuel economy without the loss of hardware durability during the warranty period. For transmissions, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM's) have focused on efficiency gains from either developing new types of transmissions such as the dual clutch transmission (DCT) and the continuous variable transmission (CVT) or enhancing the number of speeds in the automatic transmission (AT) from 4-speeds up to 6-speeds and as high as 8-speeds.The design of the lubricant is critical to enable these hardware advancements for both improved fuel economy and durability. Efficiency is improved by lowering the viscosity of the fluid and / or changing the Viscosity Index (VI) of the fluid.

Defining Green for Driveline Lubricants as Enablers for Meeting Improved Extended Drain Commercial and Automotive RequirementsDavid Rao (Cognis)Key measures potentially defining green for lubricants will be presented. These include reduction of emissions, improved fuel consumption, and minimizing impact on environmental discharge of used lubricants and gearbox components. Performance considerations in formulating driveline lubricants, in particular manual transmission and gear lubricants, will be discussed for the areas of enhanced thermal and oxidative stability, lower volatility and sump temperatures during running operations, mitigating torque losses against temperature rise for severe towing conditions, biodegradability, and friction reduction for improved wear and pitting durability for gears and bearings.

Inspection of Two High-Mileage Continuously Variable TransmissionsRaymond F. Watts, Masahiro Ishikawa and Scott Campbell (Infineum USA)Over the last 10 years, as vehicle manufacturers have continued the pursuit of more fuel efficient powertrains, the continuously variable transmission (CVT) has gained increasing market share.In the development of new transmissions considerable effort is put on the co-development of a suitable transmission fluid. We became interested in the durability of the push belt CVT in high torque applications. How were these transmissions and fluids performing after accumulating high mileage? To answer that question two CVT transmissions were removed from Nissan Murano vehicles which had accumulated over 150,000 km (100,000 mi) of normal service driving in the Southwestern United States. The transmissions were dismantled, rated and the fluid analyzed. This paper presents the detailed results of the disassembly and rating of the transmissions and the analysis of the fluid.

The Impact of Biodiesel on Lubricant PerformanceAzman B Maam (Petronas)Petronas has conducted a comprehensive study on the impact of biodiesel on lubricant. This study addresses the understanding or learning on the impact of biodiesel on lubricant performance and engine operation over of full range anticipated conditions. Many variables have been evaluated in this study which includes biodiesel from different sources and their percentages as fuel. Different quality levels of oil performance have been assessed to gauge their effectiveness in the presence of biodiesel. The main focus of the study is on passenger car and heavy duty diesel engines. This presentation will provide an insight on the changes in lubricant performance with the presence of biodiesel based on standard engine test evaluation (API and ACEA).

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