BRITISH HISTORY

PREHISTORY- RESTORATION

PREHISTORIC PAST

Located in Wiltshire, England

 It is in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds.[

Dated to about 3100 BC. 

Several theories, but the official one is that it used to be a burial ground.

• For a longer insight watch this video.

PRE-NORMAN The Iberians brought their metal working skills and the first real civilization to Britain in the third millennium B.C.

The Celts introduced tribal organization and an early form of agriculture

The Celtic language still exists in different forms

The Roman invasion forced the Celts westwards into Cornwall, Wales and Ireland

The Romans legacy: Roads, sites of important cities and the seeds of Christianity.

The Angles, Saxons and Jutes came from northern Europe from the 5th century onwards.

Preachers from Rome easily converted these pagans

DAYS OF THE WEEKCertain days of the week are named after early Saxon Gods.

Monandæg  Moon's day - the day of the moon

Tiwesdæg Tiw's-day - the day of the Scandinavian sky god Tiw,Tiu or Tig

Wodnesdæg Woden's day - the day of the god Woden (Othin)  

Ðunresdæg Thor's Day - the day of the god Ðunor or Thunor  

Frigedæg Freyja's day - the day of the goddess Freyja or Frigg, wife to Woden

Sæternesdæg Saturn's day - the day of the Roman god Saturn, whose festival "Saturnalia," with its exchange of gifts, has been incorporated into our celebration of Christmas.

Sunnandæg  Sun's day - the day of the sun

EXERCISE 1: PRE-NORMAN INVADERS

Complete this chart:People+++++ Dates Characteristics/achievements

1. Iberians 3000 BC Metal working, first real civilization

1.      

3.    

4.    

5.    

THE VIKINGS

More than the raiders of tradition, the Vikings were also traders and colonists who left an enduring mark on Britain.

NORMAN BRITAIN: MEDIEVAL AGES

After defeating the Anglo-Saxon king Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, William of Normandy introduced the Norman feudal system

French remained the language of the upper classes and administration until 14th century

Barons, together with church, forced King John to sign the Magna Carta at Runnymede in 1215.

The origins of Parliament date back to the reign of Henry III (John’s successor)

ROBERT THE BRUCERobert I, known as Robert the Bruce, was the king of the Scots who secured Scotland's independence from England.

RICHARD I: LIONHEARTRichard was born on 8 September 1157 in Oxford, son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine

MEDIEVAL ENGLANDThe House of Commons as a separate chamber resulted from unofficial meetings of knights and burgesses.

The Hundred Years War fought between France and England had a devastating effect on the English economy.

The Black Death, 1348, killed a third of the population of England

The peasant’s Revolt was the first step towards the ending of the feudal system in England.

EXERCISE 2: MEDIEVAL ENGLANDPerhaps the most important of the clauses of the Magna Carta is the one which states that:

“No Freeman shall be taken or imprisoned, or be disseised of his Freehold, or Liberties, or free Customs, or be outlawed, or exiled, or

any other wise destroyed; nor will We not pass upon him, nor condemn him, but by lawful judgment of his Peers, or by the Law of the Land”

What constitutional principle is contained in this clause?

Outline the main characteristics of:

1. Norman Conquest

2. The Magna Carta

3. The first Parliaments

4. The Black Death

5. The Peasant’s Revolt

Exercise 3:

TUDOR ENGLAND

The war of the Roses

Henry VII

Henry VIII

MARY I

The only surviving child of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.

Childless, sick and deserted by Philip, Mary died on 17 November 1558. Her hopes for a Catholic England died with her.

Queen of England and Ireland, nicknamed 'Gloriana' and the 'Virgin Queen'

Overcame many challenges and threats at home and from abroad to preside over a perceived 'golden age' in English history.

ELIZABETH I

Haga clic en el icono para agregar una imagen

Social change during Hnery VII’s reign

The Role of Parliament under the Tudors

The Church in Tudor times

The Navy and overseas expansion

EXERSISE 4: WRITE A SHORT PARAGRAPH ABOUT THE FOLLOWING:

THE CONFLICT BETWEEN KING AND PARLIAMENT

Convinced of the divine right of Kings, the Stuart Kings James I and Charles I followed the Medieval notion of monarchy, ignoring Parliament.

THE GUNPOWDER PLOT

Robert Catesby not Guy Fawkes

36 barrels of gunpowder to kill James I

The King was informed and the plot failed

The fact that the Gunpowder Plot failed was celebrated on 5th November 1606 (the year after the event) and on this day every year since. Church bells used to be rung and bonfires were lit.

THE CIVIL WAR (1642-1651)

The English Civil War when Charles I raised his royal standard in Nottingham.

There were only three major battles in the English Civil War – Edge Hill (1642) Marston Moor (1644) and Naseby (1645).

It ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.

THE RESTORATION OF THE MONARCHY

The Glorious Revolution

Bloodless accompanied by the Bill of Rights, which made it obligatory for the sovereign to rule with Parliament’s assistance and outlawed Catholicism for all Englishmen, including the King