““British” AmericaBritish” AmericaAPUSH Unit #2 (Chps 5-8)APUSH Unit #2 (Chps 5-8)

SSUSH 2 (Some overlap from last unit—”British SSUSH 2 (Some overlap from last unit—”British America”America”

SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution. & causes of the American Revolution. &

SSUSH4 The student will identify the SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution. the American Revolution.

Take FiveTake Five

What were some of the similarilities What were some of the similarilities and differences between America and differences between America and England by the mid-1700s?and England by the mid-1700s?

Colonial SocietyColonial Society

““Little England”Little England”PopulationPopulationImmigrationImmigration

Germans, Swiss & AustriansGermans, Swiss & Austriansreligious sectsreligious sects

Scotch-IrishScotch-IrishIndian relationsIndian relationsQuakers’ pacifismQuakers’ pacifism

Growing American PopulationGrowing American Population

CensusCensus

year Population year Population

1610 3,800 1610 3,800 1620 4,100 1620 4,100 1630 4,600 1630 4,600 1650 50,400 1650 50,400 1670 111,900 1670 111,900 1690 210,400 1690 210,400 1700 250,900 1700 250,900 1720 466,200 1720 466,200 1740 905,600 1740 905,600 1750 1,170,800 1750 1,170,800 1770 2,148,100 1770 2,148,100 1780 2,780,400 1780 2,780,400 1790 3,929,214 1790 3,929,214

American Immigration American Immigration Before and After 1790Before and After 1790

CountryImmigrants Before

1790Population 1790

Africa 360,000 757,000

England* 230,000 2,100,000

Ulster Scot-Irish* 135,000 300,000

Germany 103,000 270,000

Scotland* 48,500 150,000

Ireland* 8,000 (Incl. in Scot-Irish)

Netherlands 6,000 100,000

Wales* 4,000 10,000

France 3,000 15,000

Jews 1,000 2,000

Sweden 500 2,000

Other 50,000 200,000

British total 425,500 2,560,000

Total 950,000 3,900,000

Portrait of the English Portrait of the English FamilyFamily

Portrait of the American Portrait of the American FamilyFamily

Opportunities in AmericaOpportunities in America

EnglandEngland Bleak existence in Bleak existence in

EuropeEurope City life in LondonCity life in London ““Cinderella” stories= Cinderella” stories=

a falsehooda falsehood

AmericaAmerica Opportunities for Opportunities for

social advancementsocial advancement Land ownershipLand ownership Cash cropsCash crops Legal/governmental Legal/governmental

rightsrights

Young George WashingtonYoung George Washington

Social MobilitySocial Mobility Father dies when Father dies when

Washington is 11Washington is 11 Lives with older Half-Lives with older Half-

brother Lawrencebrother Lawrence Lawrence=landowner, Lawrence=landowner,

military commander, military commander, respected member of respected member of gentry etc…gentry etc…

Washington seeks Washington seeks samesame

Washington’s Social MobilityWashington’s Social MobilityWashington’s Path to Washington’s Path to GreatnessGreatness Lawrence dies…Washington Lawrence dies…Washington

inheritsinherits Washington courts & Washington courts &

marries wealthy widow marries wealthy widow Martha Custis (only visits a Martha Custis (only visits a few times)—wanted to few times)—wanted to marry her neighbor, Sally marry her neighbor, Sally FairfaxFairfax

Receives a commission as Receives a commission as colonel from VA militia colonel from VA militia during French and Indian during French and Indian warwar

Increases landholdings Increases landholdings through Ohio River valley through Ohio River valley land during F & I warland during F & I war

Young Ben FranklinYoung Ben Franklin

Social MobilitySocial Mobility Becomes an indentured Becomes an indentured

servant to his older brother servant to his older brother to learn the printing trade to learn the printing trade at age 12 for 9 years (until at age 12 for 9 years (until age 21)age 21)

Adopts psuedeum Silence Adopts psuedeum Silence Dogood and writes Dogood and writes anyomous letters (age 16)anyomous letters (age 16)

Brother discovers truth and Brother discovers truth and Franklin runs away to Franklin runs away to Philadelphia Philadelphia

Franklin’s Social MobilityFranklin’s Social Mobility

Franklin’s path to GreatnessFranklin’s path to Greatness Wins prestige over educated Wins prestige over educated

elite (including Governor of elite (including Governor of PA)PA)

Travels to LondonTravels to London Returns and works in several Returns and works in several

different merchant shopsdifferent merchant shops Has illigitmate sonHas illigitmate son

—”marries”—common law —”marries”—common law his sweetheart to become his sweetheart to become respectable respectable

Continues writing and wins Continues writing and wins favor with educated elitefavor with educated elite

Women in the ColoniesWomen in the ColoniesEx: Martha Custis Ex: Martha Custis Washington (uncommon)Washington (uncommon)

Father hired private Father hired private tutors for a “complete” tutors for a “complete” educationeducation

11stst husband dies, husband dies, education serves her education serves her well—does not require well—does not require male guardianshipmale guardianship

Maintains inheritance--Maintains inheritance--dowrydowry

Rights to property Rights to property transferred to George transferred to George upon marriage upon marriage

Women in the ColoniesWomen in the Colonies

Could not vote, serve on Could not vote, serve on government, testify in government, testify in court, serve on church, court, serve on church, social etc…committeessocial etc…committees

Could not own or inherit Could not own or inherit property or businesses property or businesses UNLESS receiving a UNLESS receiving a “mourning dowry”—pre “mourning dowry”—pre established will upon established will upon marryingmarrying

All wealth and land (from All wealth and land (from dowry) transferred to dowry) transferred to new husband if remarriednew husband if remarried

Could not divorce & Could not divorce & children were the children were the “property” of the “property” of the husbandhusband

Could have own money Could have own money as mid-wife, dowry as mid-wife, dowry (managing estate or (managing estate or business) or prostitutionbusiness) or prostitution

Women in the coloniesWomen in the coloniesWidows, Slaves & Widows, Slaves & Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants Widows: unless having a Widows: unless having a

“dowry”, had only a few “dowry”, had only a few weeks before she was weeks before she was forced to remarry or declare forced to remarry or declare herself “dour”herself “dour”

Women couldn’t live alone Women couldn’t live alone without a male guardian, without a male guardian, b/c town couldn’t protect b/c town couldn’t protect her virtueher virtue

Most remarried the county Most remarried the county agent that was sent to agent that was sent to inform that her time was inform that her time was up!!!!up!!!!

Slaves: could be Slaves: could be tortured, beaten, tortured, beaten, raped or murdered…raped or murdered…no legal recourseno legal recourse

Most indentured Most indentured servants were “bought servants were “bought out” and became out” and became wives b/c women were wives b/c women were so rareso rare

Slavery in the ColoniesSlavery in the Colonies Exists in Exists in ALLALL the colonies not just the the colonies not just the

southsouth Most slaves had same freedoms as Most slaves had same freedoms as

indentured servants (off weekends—indentured servants (off weekends—spent time on other plantations with spent time on other plantations with family members (wives), in town at family members (wives), in town at taverns, co-mingled, had other paying taverns, co-mingled, had other paying jobs etc)jobs etc)

Paying out their bondage & ManumissionPaying out their bondage & Manumission UNTIL…news of the Haitian revolution; UNTIL…news of the Haitian revolution;

New Orleans revolt and Stono uprising New Orleans revolt and Stono uprising

Stono Uprising, SC (1739)Stono Uprising, SC (1739) Response to the Security Act (1739)—all white men Response to the Security Act (1739)—all white men

required to carry weapons on Sunday (mandatory required to carry weapons on Sunday (mandatory day off for slaves)day off for slaves)

20+ slaves band together on a Sunday morning, 20+ slaves band together on a Sunday morning, went to shop in Charleston, armed themselves and went to shop in Charleston, armed themselves and killed the 2 shop keepers & went house to house killed the 2 shop keepers & went house to house killing white masters killing white masters

One slave hid his master (rewarded later) before One slave hid his master (rewarded later) before being forced to join the groupbeing forced to join the group

Group grows in number (60 slaves) and march Group grows in number (60 slaves) and march killing 20-25 whites before apprehended and killed killing 20-25 whites before apprehended and killed themselvesthemselves

Stono UprisingStono Uprising

Haitian revolution (1791-Haitian revolution (1791-1804)1804)

French colony-Santa Domingo French colony-Santa Domingo Horrible violence against masters Horrible violence against masters

and overseersand overseers Haitians expected US help Haitians expected US help

(revolutionary spirit)—US did not (revolutionary spirit)—US did not helphelp

Haitians took control and declared Haitians took control and declared themselves a republicthemselves a republic

New Orleans Revolt (1811)New Orleans Revolt (1811)

250-500 slaves joined the rebellion250-500 slaves joined the rebellion 25 miles of terror—moving from 25 miles of terror—moving from

plantation to plantationplantation to plantation Only killed 2 white men, but caused Only killed 2 white men, but caused

panic and fear in outlying areaspanic and fear in outlying areas

Results of the Slave RevoltsResults of the Slave Revolts Fear and terrorFear and terror End of manumission or hope of freedomEnd of manumission or hope of freedom Strengthening of slave codesStrengthening of slave codes

– No free time (no Sunday’s off)No free time (no Sunday’s off)– Illegal to teach a slave to read and writeIllegal to teach a slave to read and write– Illegal to marryIllegal to marry– Illegal to own or carry weaponsIllegal to own or carry weapons

End of co-mingling, freedom passes End of co-mingling, freedom passes and work for payand work for pay

World Wars, Colonial WarsWorld Wars, Colonial WarsWhat it meant on the What it meant on the continent?continent?

Constant warfare over Constant warfare over territory, royal territory, royal inheritance and powerinheritance and power

King William’s WarKing William’s War

Queen Anne’s WarQueen Anne’s War

War of Jenkin’s Ear War of Jenkin’s Ear etc…etc…

Results: Expensive, Results: Expensive, increase in taxes on increase in taxes on continentcontinent

What it meant in the What it meant in the colonies? colonies?

Possible bar fights for Possible bar fights for country pridecountry pride

Occasional interruptions in Occasional interruptions in trade between countriestrade between countries

Salutary neglect by Salutary neglect by EnglandEngland

Colonial assembliesColonial assemblies

Colonial tradeColonial trade

Colonial ignoring Colonial ignoring navigation acts & navigation acts &

taxestaxes

““The Golden Age”The Golden Age”

Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect

Robert WalpoleRobert Walpole

Molasses ActMolasses Act

Political AutonomyPolitical Autonomy

ParliamentParliament

Colonial governorsColonial governors

Elected assembliesElected assemblies

Colonies prior to 1763Colonies prior to 1763

Religion in the coloniesReligion in the colonies

Colonial contributionColonial contribution

The “Great Awakening”The “Great Awakening”

Rev. Jonathan EdwardsRev. Jonathan Edwards

Increase in church membershipIncrease in church membership

Social equality Social equality

George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield

“ “New Light” vs “Old Light”New Light” vs “Old Light”

The Age of EnlightenmentThe Age of Enlightenment

Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton

John LockeJohn Locke

DeismDeism

Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton

John LockeJohn Locke

Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin