brazing & metal joining products
TRANSCRIPT
BRAZING & METAL JOINING
PRODUCTSFOR METAL JOINING & CERAMIC BONDING APPLICATIONS
THE PRINCE & IZANT COMPANIES
WIRE ROD STRIP PASTE POWDER RINGS WASHERS/STAMPINGS
Gold
.0008" - .075" DIAMost Common.059".040".032".020".010"
.02" - .07" DIA18" – 71" Length
001" - .064" ThickCommon Widths.010" – 6"
84%-90% Metal Loading with Vacuum Grade binder per AMSMost Common AMS Mesh Designations140F mesh200 mesh325 mesh400 mesh
Most Common AMS Mesh Designations100, 140F, 200, 325
ID Rings, butt-end.067" – 6" ID.007" – .059" DIA wireID Rings, gap.05" – 3.9" ID.0025" – .045" DIA wireID Rings, multi-turn.032" – 1.96" ID.005" – .030" DIA wireOD Rings, butt-end.11" – 1.76" OD.01" – .049" DIA wireOD Rings, gap.235" – 1.55" OD.015" – .043" DIA wire
Smallest.016" OD - .009" IDLargest2.5" OD – 2.25" OD
Silver
.01" - .25" DIAMost Common.093".062".047".031"
Rod – Round .03" - 1.25" DIA18" - 36" LengthRod – Square .05" - .125" Thick.06" – 1.25" Width18" – 36" Length
.0005" - .04" ThickCommon Widths.010" – 6"
65%-75% Metal Loading with Flux Loaded binders75%-85% Metal Loading with Vacuum Grade bindersCommon Mesh Designations-100, 100, -140, 140F, -325. 325
Common Mesh Designations-100, 100, -140, 140F, -325. 325
ID Rings, butt-end.011" – 6.751" ID.0053" – .05" DIA wireOD Rings, butt-end.102" – 2.5" OD.010" – .094" DIA wire
Smallest.105" OD - .030" IDLargest4.8" OD – 4.625" OD
Silverphos
Rod – Square .05" - .125" Thick.06" – .125" Width18" – 36" LengthRod – Round .062" - .125" DIA18" - 36" Length
.002" - .03" ThickCommon Widths.062" – 5"
Copper
.005" - .1325" DIAMost Common.16".1325".062".045"
Rod – Round .047" - 1.25" DIA.8" - 36" LengthRod – Square .042" - .125" Thick.125" – .325" Width
.002" - .114" ThickCommon Widths.025" – 4"
76%-90% Metal LoadCommon Mesh Sizes100, 140, 325
140, 325 mesh sizes
OD Rings, butt-end.232" – 10.185" OD.015" – .1575" DIA wireID Rings, butt-end.019" – 3.125" ID.010" – .116" DIA wireID Rings, gap.197" – 5.85" ID.023" – .07" DIA wire
Smallest.047" OD - .020" IDLargest2.713" OD – 2.6" OD
NickelRod – Round .02" - .63" DIA12" - 36" Length
.0015" - .003" ThickCommon Widths.175" – 8.5"
70%-90% Metal LoadCommon Mesh Sizes120, 140, 270, 325
140, 230, 270, 325, 400 mesh sizes
COMMON MANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES
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The manufacturing capabilities listed in this table represent commonly requested product dimensions. Please contact us with any questions. You can also submit requests and upload drawings through princeizant.com
PRINCE & IZANT PRODUCTS AND MARKETS
GOLD ALLOYS ...................................................................................... 3
SILVER ALLOYS Cadmium-Free ....................................................................................4 Cadmium-Bearing ............................................................................. 5 Silver-Phosphorus ............................................................................. 6
VACUUM GRADE ALLOYS ...................................................................... 7
COPPER ALLOYS ................................................................................... 8
NICKEL ALLOYS ......................................................................................9
ALUMINUM ALLOYS ...............................................................................9
ACTIVE BRAZE ALLOYS ........................................................................ 10
VACUUM BRAZING REFERENCE CHARTS ............................................. 11
CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE .................................................................. 12
BASE METALS TO BE JOINED SOLDERS BRAZING ALLOYS
SOLIDUS°F (°C)
LIQUIDUS °F (°C)
FLUIDITY RATING* FLUX
Copper or Brassto
Copper or Brass
Sn96/Ag4 430 (221) 430 (221) High• Please consult a Prince & Izant
Sales RepresentativeSn94/Ag6 430 (221) 535 (279) Medium-High
BCuP-9 1178 (637) 1247 (674) Medium• No flux is required for copper to
copper joints with phosphorus-
bearing filler metals
• For brass and other copper
alloys, use Prince & lzant White
Brazing Flux
BCuP-2 1310 (710) 1475 (802) Medium
Silverphos 5 1190 (643) 1500 (816) Low
Cu87.9/P6.1/Ag6 1190 (643) 1465 (796) Low
Silverphos 6HP 1190 (643) 1425 (774) Medium
Silverphos 15 1190 (643) 1480 (804) Low
Copper or Brassto
Steel or Stainless Steel
Sn96/Ag4 430 (221) 430 (221) High • Please consult a Prince & Izant
Sales RepresentativeSn94/Ag6 430 (221) 430 (221) High
Silver Braze 56 1145 (618) 1205 (652) High• Prince & lzant White Brazing Flux
• Prince & lzant Black Brazing Flux
for Stainless Steel
Silver Braze 38 1120 (660) 1325 (718) Medium-High
Silver Braze 45 1125 (663) 1370 (743) Medium-High
Silver Braze 45T 1195 /646) 1265 (685) Medium-High
Steel or Stainless Steelto
Steel or Stainless Steel
Sn96/Ag4 430 (221) 430 (221) High • Please consult a Prince & Izant
Sales RepresentativeSn94/Ag6 430 (221) 430 (221) High
Silver Braze 56 1145 (618) 1205 (652) High
• Prince & lzant White Brazing Flux
• Prince & lzant Black Brazing Flux
for Stainless Steel
Silver Braze 38 1120 (660) 1325 (718) Medium-High
Silver Braze 40Ni2 1120 (660) 1435 (779) Medium-Low
Silver Braze 45 1125 (663) 1370 (743) Medium-High
Silver Braze 45T 1195 (646) 1265 (685) Medium-High
Silver Braze 50Ni2 1220 (660) 1305 (707) Medium-High
Steel or Stainless Steelto
CarbidesNot Recommended
Silver Braze 40Ni2 1120 (660) 1435 (779) Medium • Prince & lzant Black Brazing Flux
for Stainless SteelSilver Braze 50Ni2 1220 (660) 1305F /707) Medium-High
Aluminum to Aluminumor
Aluminum to Copper or Brassor
Aluminum to Steel or Stainless Steel
Zn15/Sn85 391 (199) 482 (250) Medium-High• Please consult a Prince & Izant
Sales Representative
AL 718 1065 (574) 1170 (632) Medium-High• Please consult a Prince & Izant
Sales RepresentativeAl88/Si12 1070 (577) 1080 (582) High
METAL JOINING CHART FOR COMMON BASE METALS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
*The higher the fluidity rating the faster that alloy flows within the melting rangePrince & Izant recommends a brazing temperature range of 50-100 degrees above the liquidus temperature
The products in this brochure represent those commonly used. It is not a comprehensive list of all available products. Please let us
know if you need something not listed.
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Also Known As: Silverphos, Silfos, Copper-Phosphorus and Copper-Phos
P&I WHITE FLUX
P&I BLACK FLUX
• Brazing Filler Metal: BAg, BCuP
• Application: High-Temperature Brazing Flux Paste; Boron-Modified
• Temperature Range: 1050-1800F (565-980C)
• Recommended Base Metals: Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys, Stainless and Carbide
• Brazing Filler Metal: BAg, BCuP
• Application: General Purpose
• Temperature Range: 1050-1600F (565-870C)
• Recommended Base Metals: Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys, Stainless Steels and Copper
BRAZING TEMPERATURE RANGES OF ALLOYS
°F2200 / 1204
2000 / 1093
1800 / 982
1600 / 871
1400 / 760
1200 / 649
1000 / 538
800 / 427
600 / 316
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1738 - 2081°F / 948- 1138°C
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1195 - 1880°F / 646 - 1027°C
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1325 - 1595°F / 718 - 868°C
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1100 - 1105°F / 596 - 652°C
COPPER ALLOYS
SILVER ALLOYS
SILVER PHOSPHORUS ALLOYS
ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1485 - 2150°F / 807 - 1177°C
VACUUM GRADE ALLOYS
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1234 - 2097°F / 668 - 1147°C
ACTIVE BRAZE ALLOYS
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1880 - 2000°F / 1027- 1093°C
NICKEL ALLOYS
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1790 - 2047°F / 977 - 1119°C
GOLD ALLOYS
°C°F2200 / 1204
2000 / 1093
1800 / 982
1600 / 871
1400 / 760
1200 / 649
1000 / 538
800 / 427
600 / 316
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1738 - 2081°F / 948- 1138°C
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1195 - 1880°F / 646 - 1027°C
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1325 - 1595°F / 718 - 868°C
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1100 - 1105°F / 596 - 652°C
COPPER ALLOYS
SILVER ALLOYS
SILVER PHOSPHORUS ALLOYS
ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1485 - 2150°F / 807 - 1177°C
VACUUM GRADE ALLOYS
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1234 - 2097°F / 668 - 1147°C
ACTIVE BRAZE ALLOYS
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1880 - 2000°F / 1027- 1093°C
NICKEL ALLOYS
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 1790 - 2047°F / 977 - 1119°C
GOLD ALLOYS
°C
Chart should be referenced for non-vacuum brazing applications
4
P&I PRODUCT
NAME
CLASSIFICATION COMPOSITION MELTING RANGE+
APPLICATIONSAWS AMS ISO EN Au Cu Pd Ni Solidus °F (°C) Liquidus °F (°C)
Gold Braze 2515 25 37 15 10 1178 (975) 1855 (1013) • Used to braze PCD cutters in Oil + Gas exploration applications
Gold Braze 35623 BAu-3 Au 351 35 62 3 1814 (990) 1850 (1010)
• Used on nickel, molybdenum and iron based heat resistant alloys
• Used on nickel-cobalt-iron alloys• Used on metallized ceramics• Suitable for larger joint clearances
Gold Braze 3565 35 65 1810 (988) 1850 (1010)
• Used on common ferrous and non-ferrous alloys
• Exhibits good wetting characteristics on metalized ceramics
Gold Braze 5025 4784 50 25 25 2015 (1101) 2050 (1121)
• Used on common ferrous and non-ferrous alloys
• Exhibits good wetting characteristics on high temperature iron and nickel-based alloys such as the stainless steels, A286, Inconel and Inconel X
• Increased level of ductility due to percent of Palladium
Gold Braze 7008 BAu-6 4786 Au 700 70 8 22 1845 (1007) 1915 (1046)
• Used on ferrous and non-ferrous alloys and super alloys for applications requiring elevated temperatures and service conditions
• Suitable for larger joint clearances• Offers better oxidation resistance than
Au-Cu alloys
Gold Braze 8218 BAu-4 4787 Au 827 Au 105 82 18 1740 (949) 1740 (949)
• Used to braze a wide range of high temperature iron and nickel-base alloys
• Eutectic composition is very fluid when molten
Au99.99 99.99 1947 (1064) 1947 (1064)• Widely used in electrical, electronic and
industrial applications• Very ductile and wets most metals
GOLD BRAZING ALLOYS
• Resists corrosion
• Excellent flow and wetting properties
• Produces high strength ductile joints
• Suitable for applications with high service temperature requirements
• The radiopacity of Gold and its alloys facilitate braze joint inspection during Nondestructive testing methods
ALLOY
GOLD ALLOY PERFORMANCE
1725
1775
1825
1875
1925
1975
2025
2075
2125SOLIDUS Fo LIQUIDUS Fo MINIMUM BRAZING TEMPERATURE Fo
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E F
°
E = Eutectic: high liquidity, ideal for tight clearancesEL = Eutectic LikeE
E
EL
Wide spectrum of melt temperatures offersseveral options for step brazing
GOLD BRAZING ALLOY CHARACTERISTICS
Use our asset recovery program to recover the precious metal from your assemblies. Apply the recovered value to future purchases or receive payment.3
+ Prince & Izant recommends a brazing temperature of 50o to 100o degrees Fahrenheit above the Liquidus
Filler metals made to meet AWS A5.8 and/or AMS requirements may be made to different compositional tolerances and impurity limits and as such may not be direct equivalents to filler metals made to meet ISO requirements
8218 works well for both tight and wide gaps
3565 prefers tight tolerances
7008 prefers tight tolerances
Gold Braze 8218(Au82Ni18)
Gold Braze 2515 (Au25Cu37Pd15)
Gold Braze 3565(Au35Cu65)
Gold Braze 35623(Au35Cu62Ni3)
Gold Braze 7008(Au70Cu08)
Au99.99
P&I PRODUCT
NAME
CLASSIFICATION COMPOSITION MELTING RANGE+
APPLICATIONSAWS AMS ISO EN Ag Cu Zn Ni Mn Sn Solidus °F (°C) Liquidus °F (°C)
Silver Braze 30 BAg-20 AG 204 30 38 32 1250 (676) 1410 (765)• Possess good flow characteristics• Found in moderate temperature low pressure systems
Silver Braze 35 BAg-35 35 32 33 1265 (685) 1390 (754)• Used to braze ferrous and non-ferrous base metals• Used frequently for production brazing applications
Silver Braze 38 BAg-34 4761 38 32 28 2 1200 (649) 1330 (721) • Free-flowing
Silver Braze 40 BAg-28 40 30 28 2 1200 (649) 1310 (710) • Free-flowing and lower brazing temperature with a relatively narrower melting range.
Silver Braze 40Ni2* BAg-4 Ag 440 AG 105 40 30 28 2 1240 (671) 1435 (779)• Intermediate temperature brazing alloy used on stainless steels,
mild steels, cast and malleable irons and various non-ferrous alloys
• Used extensively in brazing of carbide tips
Silver Braze 45T BAg-36 AG 104 45 27 25 3 1195 (646) 1251 (677) • Free-flowing low temperature filler metal used in cadmium-free applications - T = Tin
Silver Braze 45 BAg-5 45 30 25 1225 (663) 1370 (743)• General purpose used in the brazing of tubular assemblies in
ship construction, instrument manufacturing, aircraft engine oil coolers and etc.
Silver Braze 49Ni4* BAg-22 Ag 449 AG 502 49 16 23 4.5 7.5 1260 (680) 1290 (699)• Low temperature and good strength• Common applications: inserts, cutting tools, drilling bits, etc.
Silver Braze 50Ni2* BAg-24 4788 Ag 450 50 20 28 2 1220 (660) 1305 (707)
• Free-flowing and readily wets nickel and iron based alloys• Recommended for joining 300 stainless steel • Delays interface corrosion in most exposures• Used often for food handling equipment and tungsten carbide
inserts
Silver Braze 56 BAg-7 4763 56 22 17 5 1145 (618) 1205 (651)• Low temperature and free-flowing• Tendency to liquate if heated slowly through its melting range
Silver Braze 63 BAg-21 4774 63 29 6 1275 (690) 1475 (801)
• Low temperature for use on 200, 300 and 400 series stainless steels for maximum resistance to interface corrosion
• Sluggish because of it's wide melting range• Will bridge wide or irregular clearances
Silver Braze 72 BAg-8 AG 401 72 28 1435 (779) 1435 (779)
• Usually used on copper or copper alloys• Suitable for furnace brazing in a protective atmosphere without
the use of a flux• Very fluid and may flow out over workpiece surfaces during some
furnace brazing applications• Also used on stainless steel, carbon steel and nickel based alloys
Silver Braze 85 BAg-23 Ag 485 AG 501 85 15 1760 (960) 1780 (970)
• High-temperature and free-flowing• Used in torch and protective atmosphere furnace brazing• Used in the brazing of stainless steel, nickel-based alloys and
cobalt-based alloys for high-temperature applications
Silver Braze 92.5 BAg-19 4767 92.5 7.27 1400 (760) 1635 (891)• Used for higher brazing temperature applications in which
brazing and precipitation-hardening heat treating are combined. Contains 0.23% Li
Pure Silver 1763 (962) 1763 (962)• Widely used in the electrical and electrical manufacturing
industries as contacts and conductors. Provides strong, ductile joints with good corrosion resistance
SILVER BRAZING ALLOYS (CADMIUM-FREE)
Versatile: Used for brazing steel, brass, bronze, nickel, and copper alloys as well as ferrous and non-ferrous metals
(except for aluminum manganese)
ALLOY
SILVER (CADMIUM-FREE) ALLOY PERFORMANCE
SOLIDUS Fo LIQUIDUS Fo MINIMUM BRAZING TEMPERATURE Fo
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E F
°
SILVER BRAZING ALLOY (CADMIUM-FREE)
CHARACTERISTICS
1150
1250
1350
1450
1550
1650
1750
1850
Silver B
raze 45T
(Ag45/Cu27/Zn25)Silv
er Braze 38
(Ag38/Cu32/Zn28/Ni2)Silv
er Braze 40
(Ag40/Cu30/Zn28)Silv
er Braze 50Ni2
(Ag50/Cu20/Zn28/Ni2)Silv
er Braze 45
(Ag45/Cu30/Zn25)Silv
er Braze 40Ni2
(Ag40/Cu30/Zn28/Ni2)Silv
er Braze 30
(Ag30/Cu38/Zn32)Silv
er Braze 49Ni4
(Ag49/Cu16/Zn23/Ni2)Silv
er Braze 35
(Ag35/Cu32/Zn33)Silv
er Braze 92.5
(Ag92.5/Cu7.27)Ag90/Cu10
Silver B
raze 72
(Ag 72/Cu28)Silv
er Braze 85
(Ag85/Mn15)
Ag 99.99
+ Prince & Izant recommends a brazing temperature of 50o to 100o degrees Fahrenheit above the Liquidus * Alloy also available as Trimetal
Some silver brazing alloys are available as Trimetals. Trimetals are clad strip with filler metal bonded to both sides of a copper core. This clad strip is popular for the brazing of carbide tool tips. The copper core absorbs the stresses created by differences in thermal expansion between the carbide and base metal thus, helping to prevent cracking. 4
SOLIDUS Fo LIQUIDUS Fo MINIMUM BRAZING TEMPERATURE Fo
TRIMETALSE = Eutectic: high liquidity, ideal for tight clearancesEL = Eutectic LikeWG = Wide Gap: lower liquidity, ideal for larger clearances
WG
EL
WG
Silver Braze denotes Cadmium-Free material / Silver Alloy denotes Cadmium-Bearing material
Silve
r Braz
e 90
Filler metals made to meet AWS A5.8 and/or AMS requirements may be made to different compositional tolerances and impurity limits and as such may not be direct equivalents to filler metals made to meet ISO requirements
SB 72 (BAg-8) is good for filling tight and wide
clearances
6
SILVER BRAZING ALLOYS (CADMIUM-BEARING)
• Versatile: used on nearly all nickel, iron/steel and copper based alloys
• High strength
• Lowest melting point of all silver-based brazing alloys
SILVER (CADMIUM-BEARING) BRAZING ALLOY CHARACTERISTICS
P&I PRODUCT
NAME
CLASSIFICATION COMPOSITION MELTING RANGE+
APPLICATIONSAWS AMS ISO EN Ag Cu Zn Cd Ni Solidus °F (°C) Liquidus °F (°C)
Silver Alloy 30 BAg-2a 30 27 23 20 1125 (607) 1310 (710)• Low temperature used to join ferrous
and non-ferrous metals• Tendency to liquate when heated
slowly
Silver Alloy 35 BAg-2 4768 35 26 21 18 1125 (607) 1295 (701)
• Low temperature used to join ferrous and non-ferrous metals
• Good fatigue strength• Ability to make leak-tight joints
where close clearances cannot be maintained
Silver Alloy 45 BAg-1 4769 Ag 345 AG 302 45 15 16 24 1125 (607) 1145 (618)• Lowest brazing temperature
range of BAg alloys• Flows freely into tight capillary joints
Silver Alloy 50Ni3* BAg-3 4771 Ag 351 AG 351 50 15.5 15.5 16 3 1170 (632) 1270 (688)
• Modification of BAg-1a created with addition of nickel
• Good corrosion resistance in marine applications
• Nickel content improves alloy wettability
• Largest use is in the brazing of carbide tool assemblies.
Silver Alloy 50 BAg-1a 4770 Ag 350 AG 301 50 15.5 16.5 18 1160 (627) 1175 (635)• Used for low temperature
applications where free-flowing filler metals are desired
+ Prince & Izant recommends a brazing temperature of 50o to 100o degrees Fahrenheit above the Liquidus * Alloy also available as Trimetal
Cadmium is a known carcinogen and exposure to cadmium fumes may result in cancer and other hazardous side effects.
WARNING
ALLOY
SILVER (CADMIUM-BEARING) ALLOY PERFORMANCE
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E F
°
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
SOLIDUS Fo LIQUIDUS Fo MINIMUM BRAZING TEMPERATURE Fo
EL = Eutectic Like
5
EL
EL
Filler metals made to meet AWS A5.8 and/or AMS requirements may be made to different compositional tolerances and impurity limits and as such may not be direct equivalents to filler metals made to meet ISO requirements
Silver Alloy 45(Ag45/Cd24/Cu15/Zn16)
Silver Alloy 50(Ag50/Cd18/Cu15.5/Zn16.5)
Silver Alloy 50Ni3(Ag50/Cd16/Cu15.5/Zn15.5)
7
SILVER-PHOSPHORUS BRAZING ALLOYS
SILVER-PHOSPHORUS BRAZING ALLOY CHARACTERISTICS
• Primarily intended for copper to copper or copper to brass
• Strong resistance to corrosion
• Phosphorus presence renders alloy self-fluxing thus these alloys do not require a flux when used to braze copper to copper
• Promote electrical conductivity
• Silver content influences fluidity and improves overall ductility of the brazing alloy
P&I PRODUCT
NAME
CLASSIFICATION COMPOSITION MELTING RANGE+
APPLICATIONSAWS ISO EN DIN Ag Cu P Solidus °F (°C) Liquidus °F (°C)
Silverphos 2 BCuP-6 2 91 7 1190 (643) 1450 (788)
• Self-fluxing on copper• Good flow and wetting on copper,
brass and bronze• Sluggish flow at low end of brazing
temperature range which allows for gap fill
• Fluid at high end of brazing temperature range which is ideal for tight-fighting joints
Silverphos 5 BCuP-3 CuP 281 CP 104 L-Ag 5P 5 89 6 1190 (643) 1495 (813)
• Primarily used for brazing Cu connections in industrial and domestic heat exchangers
• Copper-Copper joints• Used when very close fits cannot be
held
Silverphos 6HP BCuP-4 CuP 283 6 87 7 1190 (643) 1325 (718)• Extremely fluid at brazing temperature• Able to penetrate joints with small
clearances
Silverphos 15 BCuP-5 CuP 284 CP 102 L-Ag 15P 15 80 5 1190 (643) 1475 (802)• Copper to copper joints• Recommended for delicate work
Silverphos 18M 18 76 6 1190 (643) 1275 (690)
• Ternary eutectic and low temperature brazing filler metal
• Free flowing and self-fluxing on copper and some high copper and copper alloys
• Used on assemblies where good fit-up can be maintained
ALLOY
SILVER-PHOSPHORUS ALLOY PERFORMANCE
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E F
°
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600SOLIDUS Fo LIQUIDUS Fo MINIMUM BRAZING TEMPERATURE Fo
6
Also Known As: Silverphos, Silfos, Copper-Phosphorus and Copper-Phos
PHOSPHORUS AND THE EFFECTS IT HAS WHEN ALLOYED WITH SILVER-COPPER• Silverphos alloys are self-fluxing when used to join copper to copper. The self-fluxing characteristics of Silverphos alloys occur because the
phosphorus element content possesses a greater affinity for oxygen than for the copper.
• Lowers the melt temperature of copper thus acting as a temperature depressant
• Increases overall fluidity of copper when in the liquid state
• Lowers ductility of copper
EL
WG
WG
EL = Eutectic LikeWG = Wide Gap: lower liquidity, ideal for larger clearances
+ Prince & Izant recommends a brazing temperature of 50o to 100o degrees Fahrenheit above the Liquidus
Filler metals made to meet AWS A5.8 and/or AMS requirements may be made to different compositional tolerances and impurity limits and as such may not be direct equivalents to filler metals made to meet ISO requirements
Silverphos 2(Ag2/Cu91/P7)
Silverphos 18M(Ag18/Cu76/P6)
Silverphos 6HP(Ag6/Cu87/P7)
Silverphos 15(Ag15/Cu80/P5)
Silverphos 5(Ag5/Cu89/P6)
8
VACUUM GRADE BRAZING ALLOYS
• The American Welding Society (AWS) defines vacuum-grade alloys as “controlled brazing filler metals used in fabrication of high-quality electronic devices when the service life and operating characteristics are of prime importance”
— The letter “B” denotes brazing filler metal
— The letter “V” stands for vacuum
— In general, “BV” denotes brazing filler metals for a vacuum furnace
VACUUM GRADE BRAZING ALLOY CHARACTERISTICS
ALLOY
VACUUM GRADE ALLOY PERFORMANCE
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E F
°
SOLIDUS Fo LIQUIDUS Fo
GRADE 1 V. GRADE 2
7
• Vacuum grade brazing alloys are free of high-vapor-pressure elements and are manufactured to maintain impurities at low levels
• Vacuum grade brazing alloys are used to fabricate vacuum tubes for electronic devices for which service life and operating characteristics are of prime importance
E
Elements detected that have a vapor pressure higher than 10-7 torr (1.3 x 10-5 Pa) at 932F (500C) are limited to 0.001% each for Grade 1 filler metals and 0.002% each for Grade 2 filler metals. The total of all high vapor pressure elements (including zinc, cadmium and lead) is limited to 0.010%. The total of all other impurity elements is 0.01% maximum for Grade 1 and 0.05% maximum for Grade 2. Please be sure to specify when placing and order for Vacuum Grade materials.
EL
ELEL
E = Eutectic: high liquidity, ideal for tight clearancesEL = Eutectic Like
Vacuum Brazing reference charts available on page 11+ Prince & Izant recommends a brazing temperature of 50o to 100o degrees Fahrenheit above the Liquidus See princeizant.com for impurity limits
MINIMUM BRAZING TEMPERATURE Fo
1000
1500
2000
2500 T
EL
Filler metals made to meet AWS A5.8 and/or AMS requirements may be made to different compositional tolerances and impurity limits and as such may not be direct equivalents to filler metals made to meet ISO requirements
P&I PRODUCT
NAME
CLASSIFICATION COMPOSITION MELTING RANGE+
APPLICATIONSAWS AMS ISO EN Au Ag Cu Pd Ni Solidus °F (°C) Liquidus °F (°C)
Gold Braze 3565 BVAu-9 35 65 1814 (990) 1850 (1010)• Generally used in reducing, vacuum or inert atmosphere• Alloy exhibits good wetting characteristics on metallized ceramics
Gold Braze 5025 BVAu-7 4785 Au 507 50 25 25 2015 (1102) 2050 (1121)
• Used on common nickel, molybdenum, tungsten and iron base heat resistant alloys
• Used in applications requiring high oxidation resistance and high strength at elevated temperatures
Gold Braze 5050 BVAu-10 50 50 1751 (955) 1778 (970)
• Generally used in reducing, vacuum or inert atmosphere• Gold Braze 5050 is less ductile than standard Au/Cu/Ni alloys• Composition allows for use in applications where braze filler metals low
in volatile constituents are required• Alloy exhibits free-flowing characteristics
BVAu-4 BVAu-4 4787 82 18 1742 (950) 1742 (950)• Wets a wide range of high temperature iron and nickel-based alloys• Typical applications include brazing of electron tubes, vacuum tubes and
waveguides
PAL 5 BVAg-30 Pd 287 PD 106 68 27 5 1485 (806) 1490 (809)
• Used on common ferrous and non-ferrous alloys• Suitable for use in all vacuum applications
due to its low vapor pressure• Often used in metalized-ceramic to
nickel-cobalt-iron assemblies
PAL 10 BVAg-31 58 32 10 1515 (823) 1565 (851)• Low vapor pressure makes it suitable for use in all vacuum applications• Often used in the brazing of metallized ceramics
PAL 15 65 20.3 14.7 1562 (850) 1652 (900)• Low vapor pressure makes it suitable for use in all vacuum applications• Often used in the brazing of metallized ceramics
Silver Braze 72 VTG1 & VTG2
BVAg-8 72 28 1435 (779) 1435 (779)
• Designed for moderate temperature vacuum systems
• Used when maximum precautions are needed to ensure the minimum amount of detrimental volatile impurities
E
PAL 5 Silver Braze 72VTG1/VTG2
Gold Braze 5050 Gold Braze 3565 Gold Braze 5025 PIVG-7008 BVAu-4 PAL 10 PAL 15
1600
1645
1690
1735
1780
1825
1870
1915
1960
2005
2050
ALLOY
COPPER ALLOY PERFORMANCE
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E F
°
SOLIDUS Fo LIQUIDUS Fo MINIMUM BRAZING TEMPERATURE Fo
E
E
COPPER BRAZING ALLOYS
P&I PRODUCT
NAME
CLASSIFICATION COMPOSITION MELTING RANGE+
APPLICATIONSAWS ISO EN Cu Ni Zn Solidus °F (°C) Liquidus °F (°C)
CDA 773* RBCuZn-D Cu 773 CU 305 48 10 41 1690 (921) 1715 (935)• Used for the brazing of tungsten
carbide, steel, nickel and nickel based alloys
X-55 55 6 35 1634 (890) 1688 (920)
• Modified nickel silver with moderate strength
• Excellent plasticity in molten state• Gap filling• For carbides, stainless steels, tool
steels and nickel alloys
CDA 521 92 1620 (882) 1880 (10)
• Typically used in furnace brazing of steels where use of pure copper is not permissible
• Contains 8% Sn
CDA 102 BCu-3 Cu 102 Cu 102 99.95 1981 (1083) 1981 (1083)
• Oxygen-free (OFE/OFHC), free-flowing alloy used in joining of ferrous, nickel-based alloys and copper-nickel alloys
• Often used in furnace brazing with protective atmosphere or partially combusted natural gas, hydrogen, dissociated ammonia or nitrogen-base atmosphere generally without flux
CDA 110 BCu-1 99.9 1981 (1083) 1981 (1083)
• Fluid filler metal used for brazing ferrous and nickel based alloys in particular steel, stainless steel and copper-nickel alloys
• This alloy is commonly used in furnace braze applications without the use of flux
8
COPPER ALLOY CHARACTERISTICS• Generally used for brazing of carbon and alloy
steels, stainless steel, nickel and copper-nickel
• Excellent corrosion resistance
• High electrical and thermal conductivity
COPPER PASTE
• Prince & Izant’s Copper Paste product line is designed to fulfill the needs of customer furnace brazing applications
• Common copper paste applications include but are not limited to the Automotive and HVAC/R industries
• Prince & Izant's Copper Pastes have a recommended brazing temperature range of 2030-2050F. Please consult a P&I representative should you require a custom paste formulation
ELWGE = Eutectic: high liquidity, ideal for tight clearancesEL = Eutectic LikeWG = Wide Gap: lower liquidity, ideal for larger clearances
+ Prince & Izant recommends a brazing temperature of 50o to 100o degrees Fahrenheit above the Liquidus * CDA stands for Copper Development Association
Filler metals made to meet AWS A5.8 and/or AMS requirements may be made to different compositional tolerances and impurity limits and as such may not be direct equivalents to filler metals made to meet ISO requirements
CDA 521 (Cu91/Sn8)
X-55 (Cu55/Zn35/Ni6)
CDA 773 Cu48/Zn41?Ni10)
CDA 102 (Cu99.95)
CDA 110 (Cu99.9)
10
• Used when applications require corrosion resistance
• Used in high-temperature service applications
NICKEL BRAZING ALLOY CHARACTERISTICS
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
ALLOY
NICKEL ALLOY PERFORMANCE
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E F
°
SOLIDUS Fo LIQUIDUS Fo
NICKEL BRAZING ALLOYS
ALUMINUM BRAZING ALLOYS
P&I PRODUCT
NAME
CLASSIFICATION COMPOSITION MELTING RANGE+
APPLICATIONSAWS AMS ISO EN Ni Si Cr B Fe Solidus °F (°C) Liquidus °F (°C)
AMS 4782 BNi-5 4782 71 10 19 1975 (1065) 2075 (1135)
• Good choice for narrow, deep joints or honeycomb components.
• High chrome content is a plus for components that will endure corrosive or oxidation service conditions.
AMS 4777 BNi-2 4777 Ni 620 NI 102 82 4.5 7 3 1780 (971) 1830 (999)
• Most widely used of nickel filler metals• Excellent oxidation and corrosion
resistance• Used in the manufacturing of food
handling equipment, jet engine components, nuclear energy assemblies and carbide tools
AMS 4778 BNi-4 4782 Ni 630 NI 103 92 4.5 3 1800 (982) 1900 (1038)
• Exhibits high temperature joint strength, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance
• Typical applications include structural members in jet engines, turbines, chemical processing and nuclear equipment requiring lower temperature/heat treatment temperatures
P&I PRODUCT
NAME
CLASSIFICATION COMPOSITION MELTING RANGE+
APPLICATIONSAWS AMS ISO Al Si Cu Fe Zn Mg Mn Solidus °F (°C) Liquidus °F (°C)
AL 718 BAlSi-4 4185Al 112 / Al 317
86.45 12 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.15 0.15 1070 (577) 1080 (582)
• General purpose used with all brazing processes requiring a free-flowing filler metal and good corrosion resistance
EL
EL = Eutectic Like
ALUMINUM BRAZING ALLOY CHARACTERISTICS
Aluminum brazing filler metals are used to join brazeable aluminum base metals. Silicon and copper are typically added to pure aluminum to lower melting range and provide a suitable joining material. Magnesium can also be added to aluminum to facilitate oxide dispersion in vacuum brazing.
9
+ Prince & Izant recommends a brazing temperature of 50o to 100o degrees Fahrenheit above the Liquidus
+ Prince & Izant recommends a brazing temperature of 20o to 25o degrees Fahrenheit above the Liquidus Please take into consideration the melt temperature of your base components and adjust the brazing temperature accordingly
MINIMUM BRAZING TEMPERATURE Fo
Filler metals made to meet AWS A5.8 and/or AMS requirements may be made to different compositional tolerances and impurity limits and as such may not be direct equivalents to filler metals made to meet ISO requirements
Filler metals made to meet AWS A5.8 and/or AMS requirements may be made to different compositional tolerances and impurity limits and as such may not be direct equivalents to filler metals made to meet ISO requirements
AMS 4777 AMS 4778
10
ACTIVE BRAZE ALLOYS
P&I PRODUCT
NAME
CLASSIFICATION COMPOSITION MELTING RANGE+
APPLICATIONSMorgan/Wesgo Ag Au Cu In Ti Ni Solidus °F (°C) Liquidus °F (°C)
APA 10b Gold-ABA 96 4 1945 (1062) 1947 (1063)
Active Braze Alloys are designed for brazing ceramics to metals as well as other non-metallic components
without the need for prior metallization of the contact surface
APA 10 96.5 0.6 3 1837 (1002) 1886 (1030)
APA 1 1738 (947) 1758 (958)
APA 2 96 4 1780 (971) 1780 (971)
APA 3 Cusil-2-ABA 71 27 2 1436 (780) 1481 (805)
APA 4 Ticusil 68.8 26.7 4.5 1435 (779) 1650 (898)
APA 5 Cusil-ABA 63 35.25 1.75 1435 (779) 1500 (815)
APA 6 Cusin-1-ABA 63 34.25 1.75 1427 (775) 1483 (806)
APA 7 Incusil-ABA 59 27.25 12.5 1.25 1121 (605) 1319 (715)
APA 8 Incusil-15-ABA 60.27 23.03 14.7 2 1120 (604) 1335 (723)
APA 9 Incusil-25-ABA 43.6 29.1 24.3 3 1119 (603) 1134 (612)
ANA 1 Tini-67 67 33 1730 (947) 1795 (958)
ANA 2 Tini-50 50 50 1760 (960) 1890 (1032)
1. ABAs must be brazed under deep vacuum or argon – ABAs will readily react with oxygen at higher temperatures and “lose” their active components.
2. Avoid rapid heating and cooling – metals expand and shrink faster than ceramics. This can cause cracking and misconfiguration
3. Longer soak time and higher temperatures – a longer soak time at a higher temperature is preferred to generate the initial reaction layer
BRAZING WITH ABAS
• ABAs combine braze alloys with active elements to allow for the direct joining of metal to ceramic
• Promote wetting on ceramics
• Indium is used in ABAs to reduce brazing temperature of the alloy
ACTIVE BRAZE ALLOY CHARACTERISTICS
COMMON INDUSTRIES AND MARKETS
ELECTRONICS MEDICAL ALTERNATIVE ENERGYENERGY
• High-tech circuit boards
• Thin film chip fuses for LED panel applications
• Suppressor components for high frequency applications
• Particle accelerators
• Optoelectronics
• High voltage feedthroughs for x-ray equipment, scanners and imaging applications
• Proton therapy for oncology
• Proton therapy equipment for oncology
• Solar thermal panels
RECOMMENDED ACTIVE BRAZE ALLOY ATMOSPHERES & TEMPERATURES
ABAs should be brazed in vacuum or argon. If brazed in argon, the vapor pressure of elements such as silver should be taken into consideration when programming the peak temperature. ABAs are best suited for furnaces. Induction can cause uneven heating which leads to cracking of ceramic components. Rapid cool down rates should also be avoided when ceramic is bonded to metal. The fast contraction of metal can put stresses on the ceramic which leads to cracking or residual stress on the braze joint at ambient temperatures.
The soak time at temperature is often extended for ABAs in order to allow the active agent to react with the surface of the ceramic. ABAs cannot be brazed in atmosphere with flux or under nitrogen.
10
+ Prince & Izant recommends a brazing temperature of 100o to 150o degrees Fahrenheit above the Liquidus of ABA materials An extended soak time of 30 minutes is generally recommended to further drive a metallurgical reaction between the base components and braze alloyAPA - Active Precious AlloysANA - Active Nickel Alloys
12
METAL-METAL OXIDE EQUILIBRIA IN PURE HYDROGEN ATMOSPHERES
WHY TO USE: In order to avoid the out-gassing of an element in a
braze alloy – find the element with the highest vapor
pressure in the alloy, and verify the temperature and
pressure profile of the braze furnace is suitable.
HOW TO USE: Find the temperature of the braze range for the braze
alloy along the top/bottom and draw a vertical line to
the curve of the highest vapor pressure element in the
alloy. Draw a horizontal line to the left or right from
the point of intersection on the curve – this indicates
the pressure at which that element will out-gas. In
order to avoid out gassing, the pressure must be
higher than the out gassing pressure for that particular
temperature.
VAPOR PRESSURE CURVES FOR VACUUM
HOW TO USE: If pressure and temperature are predetermined:
* 10-3 to 10-5 is a common vacuum pressure range
11
Reference graphs created from data contained in
the AWS Brazing Handbook 5th Edition
WHY TO USE: Metals oxidize due to loss of electrons on their outward facing atoms. Metals which are more reluctant to lose electrons are not easily oxidized. The application of heat can rearrange atoms causing loss of electrons, and making metals more prone to oxidation. Specific elements will rearrange to become reactive at different pressures & temperatures. The Metal-Metal Oxide Equilibria Chart maps the oxidation curve of common elements through pressures temperatures which are common for heat-treatment & brazing. This chart can be used to avoid oxidation of a metal by altering pressure & temperature.
VACUUM BRAZING REFERENCE CHARTS
11
1. Go to the intersecting point on the chart based on pressure & temperature – this is your atmosphere.
2. Verify that your atmosphere is down & to the right of curves which contain elements in your materials. This means your atmosphere is reducing, and your materials are not at risk for oxidation.
3. If your material contains elements whose curve is down & to the right of your atmosphere, your material is at risk for oxidation. Solutions include: Increase temperature, decrease pressure (higher vacuum), and plating the surface to cover reactive elements.
PRINCE & IZANT AMS AWS ASTM UNS FEDERAL GE PWA WESGO UMICORE ENGLEHARD LUCAS MILHAUPT
Au
Gold Braze 2515 Palnicurom-10
Gold Braze 35623 BAu-3 P00350 Nicoro
Gold Braze 5025 4784 P00500 Palniro 1
Gold Braze 7008 4786 BAu-6 P00700 Palniro 7
Gold Braze 8218 4787 BAu-4 P00820 698 Nioro
Au99.99 B 562 - 95(2012) P00015
Ag –
Cadm
ium
Free
Silver Braze 30 BAg-20 P07301 QQ-B-654A Silvaloy A30 Silvaloy 300
Silver Braze 35 BAg-35 P07351 Silvaloy A35 Silvaloy 351
Silver Braze 38 4761 BAg-34 P07380 Silvaloy A38T
Silver Braze 40
Silver Braze 40Ni2 BAg-4 P07400 Silvaloy A40N2 Silvaloy 403
Silver Braze 45T BAg-36 P07454 BrazeTec 4576 Silvaloy A45T Silvaloy 452
Silver Braze 45 4769 BAg-1 P07450QQ-B-654A GRADE VII
Silvaloy 45 Easy-Flo 45
Silver Braze 49Ni4
Silver Braze 50Ni2 4788 BAg-24 P07505 BrazeTec 5081 Silvaloy A50N Silvaloy 505
Silver Braze 72 BAg-8 P07720 Cusil
Silver Braze 85 4766 BAg-23 P07850 QQ-B-654A Silvaloy Z85M Silvaloy 852
Ag90/Cu10 B617-98(2016) P07900
Silver Braze 92.5 4767 BAg-19 P07925 Silvaloy B92.5Li Lithobraze 925
Pure Silver
Ag –
Cadm
ium
-Bea
ring
Silver Alloy 45 4769 BAg-1 P07450QQ-B-654A GRADE VII
Silvaloy 45 Easy-Flo 45
Silver Alloy 50Ni3 4771 BAg-3 P07501QQ-B-654A
GRADE V Amend-1Silvaloy 50N Easy-Flo 3
Silver Alloy 50 4770 BAg-1a P07500QQ-B-654A GRADE IV
Silvaloy 50 Easy-Flo
Ag/P
Silverphos 5 BCuP-3 C55281 QQ-B-654A BrazeTec S5 Silvaloy 5 Sil-Fos 5
Silverphos 6HP BCuP-4 C55283 Silvaloy 6F Sil-Fos 6
Silverphos 15 BCuP-5 C55284QQ-B-654A GRADE III
BrazeTec S15 Silvaloy 15 Sil-Fos 15
Vacu
um G
rade
PAL 5 Palcusil 5
Silver Braze 72VTG1 & VTG2
BVAg-8 F106-12 - BVAg-8 GR1F106-12 - BVAg-8 GR2
P07727 QQ-B-654 Cusil BrazeTec 7200 Silvaloy B72VSilvaloy 721 VTG
G1 & G2
Gold Braze 5050 BVAu-10 F 106 P0050350 Gold 50
Copper
Gold Braze 3565 BVAu-9 F 106 P0035435 Gold 65
Copper
Cu
CDA 773 RBCuZn-D RBCuZn-D C77300 BrazeTec48/10
X-55 X55
CDA 102 4701 BCu-3 B 152 - C10200 C10200 CDA102
Al AL 718 4185 BAlSi-4 ASTM BAlSi-4 A94047 BrazeTec88/12
Ni
A286 B50T12A/B-S14
B50TF198 B50TF198-S5
GEB50TF145 B50TF145-S5
BNi-5/AMS 4782 4782 BNi-5 B50TF81-S12
B50TF143-S9 B50TF143-S9
GEB50TF204 B50TF204
B50TF205 B50TF205-S6
AMS 4777 4777 BNi-2 N99620 Icronibsi-7 BrazeTec 1002
AMS 4778 4778 BNi-3 N99630 Nibsi-4
CROSS REFERENCE TABLE
12
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