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Foreword

The decision of the Congress led UPA government to allowFDI in multi-brand retail has drawn all round criticism

and condemnation. In the name of ‘reform’, the governmenthas in fact compromised the long-term national interest whichis sure to have far reaching implications on our economy. Itwill not be wrong to say that in order to show that thegovernment is not in the grip of policy paralysis, the Congressled UPA has buckled under foreign pressure. The decision issure to have its impact on millions of small traders who aregoing to lose their jobs. At the same time the manufacturingsector will also be hurt creating a new economic crisis in thecountry. It is very unfortunate to see that the Congress ledUPA neither bothered to contact its coalition partners on theissue nor took Opposition into confidence.

BJP has Opposed FDI in multi-brand retail right from thebeginning. On 24 November 2011 when the cabinet approvedthe proposal for the first time, Leader of Opposition in LokSabha Smt. Sushma Swaraj and Leader of Opposition in RajyaSabha Shri Arun Jaitley in a joint statement opposed the move.

The decision was then deferred by the government. There isa need to create awareness among the people on the issueas this decision might change the very contours of the Indianeconomy. We are publishing various documents, articles andrelevant papers on the issue so that the people are aware ofthe facts and voice their concerns forcefully. We hope thatthe booklet will help in highlighting various aspects of theissue.

PublisherBharatiya Janata Party

11, Ashoka Road, New Delhi - 110003

October 2012

Contents

FDI in multi-brand retailKamal Sandesh Bureau................... 1

FDI in Retail under foreign pressureBJP Resolution................................ 6

FDI will adversely affect manufacturing & service sectorsJoint Statement................................ 8

FDI in retail will destroy employmentL K Advani....................................... 10

Why BJP opposes FDI in retailArun Jaitley...................................... 13

Money does grow on trees, Prime MinisterJaswant Singh.................................. 16

On FDI in RetailBhupender Yadav............................. 21

Reform' at nation's costS Gurumurthy................................... 24

The dubious benefits of FDI in retailK. Ramesh....................................... 28

FDI in retail - devil lies in the detailS. Murlidharan................................. 31

Government quoted wrong figuresPraveen Khandelwal........................ 34

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What BJP leaders say about FDIRajnath Singh

“See the Congress manifesto; it sayswe will give jobs to people from eachfamily. In 2009, they said one crorejobs will be given. Has it happened?”

Nitin Gadkari“India will be swamped by Chineseproducts if foreign direct investment(FDI) pours into multi-brand trade.”

Sushama Swaraj“The decision of the Government topermit FDI in multi - brand retail tradeis a blatant betrayal of the assurancegiven by the Government on the floorof the Parliament on 7th Dec 2011.”

Arun Jaitley“FDI in retail will consolidate the retailmarket and end consumer interests. Inthe first 12 years of opening retail forFDI, Thailand had witnessed 38 percent of consumer market consolidatein favour of three large retailers.”

Venkaiah Naidu“FDI in retail would “kill” the Indiantrade. We don’t know how long UPAwill survive as it is on ventilator.Anything may happen to thisgovernment any time. UPA allies areopposing Congress in their states andsupporting at Delhi”

What BJP/NDA Chief Ministerssay about FDI

Narendra Modi, CM, Gujarat“I want to ask SP and BSP leaders ifthey honestly oppose FDI in retail thenthey should immediately withdraw theirsupport like Mamata Banerjee did.”“UPA a government of the foreigners,by the foreigners and for theforeigners.”“I don’t know what PM is doing. Smallbusinessmen will be forced to downtheir shutters now.”

Shivraj Singh Chouhan, CM, MP“Foreign investment in grocery sectorwill increase unemployment and putlakhs of families under great financialdifficulties.”

Dr. Raman Singh, CM, Chhattisgarh“The state government is committedtowards safeguarding the interests oflakhs of small traders and will not allowthe foreign players to snatch the rightsof locals in the name of FDI.”

Arjun Munda, CM, Jharkhand“I have spoken to all our coalitionpartners and we are all of the opinionthat FDI will not be implemented in thestate.”

Nitish Kumar, CM, Bihar“The retail business is doing well, theshopkeepers are earning money andpeople are buying their daily needsfrom them… If FDI comes in, thefarmers will not be benefitted at all.”“The foreign investors promise in thebeginning that profits will reachfarmers. But ultimately, the farmers getnothing.”

Prakash Singh Badal, CM, Pujnab“If FDI comes, biggies would eat intothe share of small fries, which wouldbe against the idea of social welfare.”

-Oommen Chandy, CM, Kerala“The Centre's decision to allow 51 percent foreign investment in multi-brandretail business will not beimplemented in the state.”

Mamata Banerjee, CM, West Bengal“I want to ask — what is the definitionof aamaadmi? What is the definitionof democracy? Is it not becoming clearthat use of the name of aamaadmi, andmisuse of power of chair, is to finishaamaadmi? Is it the gameplan?”

J.Jayalalithaa, CM, Tamilnadu“The UPA government has beenmaking blunder after blunder byadopting many anti-people policiesand this latest decision will only addup to one more such serious blundercommitted by the Central governmentwhich seems to be totally unmindful ofthe interests of the common people.”

Navin Patnaik, CM, Odisha“FDI in retail is neither going to bringdown the prices nor improve theinvestment climate.”

What Prime Minister had to sayabout FDI

Manmohan Singh, PM“We should not permit FDI in retailtrade. India does not require this kindof reforms which would, rather thancreating employment, destroyemployment.”

What others say about FDI

1 BJP on FDI BJP on FDI 2

Executive Summery

FDI in multi-brand retailKamal Sandesh Bureau

The Congress led UPA government in its cabinet meetingon 14 September 2012 approved Foreign Direct

Investment (FDI) 51 per cent FDI in multi-brand retail therebyopening India’s retail sector. With this move, India will throw openits retail sector to foreign giants like Wal-Mart and Carrefour. InNovember 2011, the Cabinet had cleared the proposal to allow51 percent foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail.However, due to strong opposition from political parties, the cabinethad stalled the implementation of its decision. But this time theCongress led UPA government went ahead with its decision whichis highly detrimental to the domestic retail sector and may adverselyaffect millions of people by rendering them jobless. Contrary tothe claims of the government, the entry of foreign giants like Wal-Mart and Carrefour, may lead to dislocation of domestic retailsector creating displacements in job sector which may further createacute crisis of unemployment. Some of the important points in thisregard are given below:

FDI IN RETAIL

After agriculture, retail sector is the only sector employingmillions of people. Retail sector is the single largestcomponent of the service sector in terms of contributionto GDP. The size of India’s retail sector is $590 billion

(Rs 26 lakh crore), according to a report by ICRIE. It isdefinitely one of the pillars of the Indian economy.Retailing in India accounts for about 15% of its GDP.It is estimated that there are around India’s retail organizedindustry, employs directly about 40 million Indians (3.3%of Indian population) or 4 Crore people with around 1.3Retails organized outlets in India.

INDIAN SCENARIO

Retail consists of the sale of goods or merchandise forfinal consumption by the user and not for further sale orprocessing. Thus retailing can be said as the link betweenthe producer and the consumer purchasing for personalconsumption. This excludes direct interconnectionbetween manufacturer and institutional buyers likegovernment and other bulk consumers.In India, retail sector is the highest employer, afteragriculture, employing 7% of the total workforce in thecountry. India is also the second largest producer of fruitsand vegetables in the world. The retail industry is dividedinto organized and unorganized sectors. Organized sectorcomprises of licensed retailers, that is, those who areregistered for sales tax, income tax, etc. While unorganizedsector basically comprises of local kirana shops, paan/beedi shops, convenience stores, etc. The retail sector ishighly fragmented with 97% of its business being run byunorganized retailers and rest 2% by organized retailers.In developed countries the organized trade makes up over70-80% of the total trade while in India, this sector is innascent stage contributing just 2 % (as per 2007).

SINGLE-BRAND RETAIL SECTOR IN INDIAFDI in ‘Single brand’ retail implies that a retail store with foreign

investment can only sell one brand. FDI in Single-Brand Retailing


was permitted in 2006, to the extent of 51%. However, out of 94proposals received till May 2010, only 57 proposals of SingleBrand retail had been approved up to 2010.

FDI IN MULTI-BRAND RETAILGenerally, FDI in Multi Brand retail implies that a retail store

with a foreign investment can sell multiple brands under one roof.

Employment: - The retail is the second largest employerafter agriculture. As per NSSO 64th Round 2007-08,retail trade employed 7.2% of total workers and providedjob to 33.1 million. FDI in retail, definitely, will challengethe 12 million existing shops and 33.1 million employers.Organized Retail Sector under-developed:- Our retailsector is still in nascent stage. So, instead of introducingforeign firms, the existing ones should be allowed to growand consolidate.Monopolistic policies: - There is a possibility of dominationon the retail sector by the MNC’s. As they would becontrolling the supply chain, in future they may dominatethe retail sector.The impact of restricting number of outlets and limits toaccess in cities with the designated population size is yetto be established in India as international experience hasbeen disappointing.There is major evidence of adverse impacts on wagesand small retailers. A 2007 UC Berkeley study found Wal-Mart “lowers the average retail wage”. A Journal of UrbanEconomics, 2010, study found “large, negative effects”on retailers within a 5-mile radius.The July issue of Consumer Reports names Wal-Martamong the worst in customer service for its retail servicein eight out of 21 industries evaluated, including retailersfor appliances, electronics, cell phones and supermarkets.The American Customer Satisfaction Index, which is

based on interviews with about 70,000 customersannually, and gauges opinions on several differentindustries, also found Wal-Mart “the least popular of themajor grocers”.What has the experience been with Wal-Mart in thecountry of origin and abroad? FDI comes with bigpromises of promoting employment. The entry of thetrading giant, Wal-Mart, led to the closure of 40,000 USfactories between 2001 and 2007, resulting in throwingmillions of people out of their jobs.In India, unlike in Germany, unskilled labour meansuneducated workers, while skilled labour is really‘reskilled’ labour, the section Wal-Mart will tap and hirefrom. Thus, it will not create jobs for the poor.Wal-Mart faced allegations of bribery that helped it setup stores much ahead of its competitors within Mexico.This resulted in violation of Mexican law and the USForeign Corrupt Practices Act. Thorough investigationswere not carried out due to technicalities in the law oflimitation and to avoid further adverse publicity to Wal-Mart. There are studies that to show that giant tradingcorporations such as Wal-Mart contribute to poverty,which could prove costly in a country such as India withdense population with diverse base.Economist Mohan Guruswamy of the Centre for PolicyAlternatives warns that companies like Wal-Mart, Tesco,and Carrefour will serve only to elite Indians. The averageWal-Mart store will displace 11,200 people and replacethem with 285 people.Throughout the world it is known fact that huge investmentis not required to open a retail shop. Investment is requiredto build infrastructure for shop, sophisticated technologyis not required in retail trade. Small retail shopsprovide more employment then large chain of Retail stores.Big FDI Companies, instead of developing under


developed areas these stores capture prime commercialproperty in cities. If allowed in India they will first buygood from producers in bulk and sell it at less margin andhence routing out small traders from trades.

The consumer choices require markets to be fragmented ratherthan consolidated. Fragmented markets give larger options to theconsumers. Consolidated markets make the consumer captive.No one player should be allowed to dominate the market. Allowingforeign players, with deep pockets, enable such a consolidation.It will sweep aside competition and involve a loss of jobs, both inthe manufacturing and services sector. These jobs will be lost inthe name of eliminating middlemen.

FDI in Retail underforeign pressure

(Excerpts from the Economic Resolution adopted inthe National Executive & Council held in Surajkund,Haryana from 26-28 September 2012)

Yet another anti people decision of the Government toallow FDI in multi-brand retail has been taken under

foreign pressure. The government had made a solemn promise inboth houses of Parliament that the government would talk to allpolitical parties and state governments to arrive at a consensus.This promise stands broken.

Allowing FDI in multi-brand retail will have an adverse impacton our retail trade and create large scale unemployment, not onlyin the retail sector but also in the manufacturing sector, as multi-brand retail chains will source globally. In India, retail trade is thethird largest employer and more than 10 million establishmentsgive direct and indirect employment to over 40 million people.This employment is under threat when we look at the globalexperience of muti-brand retail. It is a well-known fact that forevery 100,000 jobs created by the MB retail chains, 500,000jobs are lost.

Farmers will also not benefit either. The experience of 100%FDI in food processing through the automatic route is notencouraging. More than $25 billion were expected to be investedthrough FDI but the ground reality after 10 years of this decisionis that not even 5% of this figure has been invested. Thus creation


of back end infrastructure is a myth. Let us not forget that thesemulti-brand retail chains are coming to India for profits and notfor charity. Rural artisans will also be adversely affected.

A major falsehood or canard being spread by the governmentrelates to the right of the states to decide whether to allow foreignMB retail chains in their respective states or not. Once allowedby the Centre, the ability of states to allow or disallow FDI inmulti-brand retail may not be possible under some of our bilateralinvestment treaties. Second, if each state is allowed independence,what happens if state governments change? The BJP, therefore,demands rollback of the decision to allow FDI in multi-brandretail.

FDI will adversely affectmanufacturing & service sectors

(Joint statement issued by Leader of Oppositionin Lok Sabha Smt. Sushma Swaraj and Leader ofOpposition in Rajya Sabha Shri Arun Jaitley onGovernment’s proposal to introduce FDI in retailsector On 24 November 2011)

The Bharatiya Janata Party is opposed to the Foreign DirectInvestment (FDI) being introduced in the Retail sector.

The Indian economy, at present, is dominated by the Servicessector. The Services sector account for 58 percent of India’s GDP.The retail chains in India, both small and big, account for a majorsegment of the Services sector. Self-employment in India is thesingle largest source of jobs. An overwhelming section of India’spopulation is self-employed. Foreign Direct Investment with deeppockets entering this segment will have an adverse impact on ourdomestic retail sector, which is growing.

The consumer choices require markets to be fragmented ratherthan consolidated. Fragmented markets give larger options to theconsumers. Consolidated markets make the consumer captive.No one player should be allowed to dominate the market. Allowingforeign players, with deep pockets, enable such a consolidation.It will sweep aside competition and involve a loss of jobs, both inthe manufacturing and services sector. These jobs will be lost in


the name of eliminating middlemen. Jobs in the retail sector willobviously be lost. Jobs in the manufacturing sector will be lostbecause structured international retail makes purchasesinternationally and not from domestic sources. This experiencehas been felt in most countries which have allowed FDI in retail.International retail players operate on buying at the lowest andselling at the highest prices. They indulge in predatory pricing,which initially eliminates competition and eventually createsmonopolies. This can result food chains of large nations beingcontrolled foreign organizations. The number of retailestablishments as at present gets substantially reduced in favourof large establishments. International retail does not createadditional markets, it merely displaces existing market.

The argument that India needs a supply chain in order to helpthe farm sector and only foreign players can supply the same is tobe rejected. India needs infrastructure for carrying farmers’produce to the consumers. This has to be done in the most efficientand cheapest manner. International retail players have no role inthe building of roads, both rural and urban or generating power.They are required to create storage facilities and cold chains. Whycan’t the same be done by the governments in India, both centraland states. Are you going to handover our food supplies to foreignhands merely because governments have failed to create coldchains?

The comparison between India and China in allowinginternational retails players is misplaced. China is predominantly amanufacturing economy. It is the largest supplier to Walmart andother international majors. It generates huge number ofmanufacturing jobs by being such a supplier. It obviously cannotsay ‘No’ to these chains to open stores in China when it is globalsupplier to them. India on the contrary will lose both manufacturingand service sector jobs.

FDI in retail will destroyemployment, said

Dr. Manmohan Singh in 2002By LK Advani

In an earlier blog I had recalled how when the NDAGovernment was in office the then Chief Whip of the

Congress Party Shri Priya Ranjan Dasmunshi had cited thePlanning Commission's recommendation in favour of FDI in retail,and on that basis condemned the Vajpayee Government forcontemplating this 'anti-national' move.

Arun Shourie as Minister of Commerce promptly stood up inParliament to affirm that Government was not in favour of anysuch proposal.

At the Suraj Kund conclave of the BJP's National Council,speaking on the Economic Resolution, my colleague Shri VenkaiahNaidu read out from a letter written by Dr. Manmohan Singh, atthat point of time Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha, toconfirm this fact. Federation of Maharashtra Traders had conveyedtheir concern to him about this matter. In his letter dated December21, 2002 Dr. Manmohan Singh said that the matter had beenraised in the Rajya Sabha two days earlier. "The Finance Ministergave an assurance," Dr. Manmohan Singh said approvingly, "thatGovernment had no proposal to invite Foreign Direct Investmentin Retail Trade."

The letter from Federation of Associations of Maharashtra


has attributed to Dr. Manmohan Singh an even more forthrightcriticism of FDI in retail. The letter written by Shri C.T. Shanghvi,Chairman, Foreign Trade Committee of the Federation, has said:

"Your honour would recall that during the year 2002-03 I hadoccasion to lead a delegation of the Federation of Associations ofMaharashtra to meet your goodself as the Leader of the Oppositionin the Rajya Sabha, in connection with the important subject ofFDI in retail trade of the country.

Even before we made our detailed submissions, you hadcategorically stated that 'we should not permit Foreign DirectInvestment in Retail Trade'. You had further mentioned that "Indiadoes not require this kind of reform which would, rather thancreating employment, destroy employment".Shanghvi adds in the same letter :

We had briefed you, Sir, about the unfair trade practices suchas (predatory pricing) adopted by the multinational retail chainstores organization to kill the competition by small retailers. Ourdelegation also drew your kind attention to the highly undesirableimpact that has been felt by some of the Far Eastern Countries -Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia - who had erroneously permittedFDI in retail trade during the late 1990s.

Later, our delegation met you on a couple of occasions andsubmitted the details of our various representations to theconcerned authorities on this subject. In view of the seriousnessof this issue from the overall National angle, you had raised thesubject in the Rajya Sabha on 18th/19th December 2002 andhad obtained an assurance from the then Finance Minister thatthere was no proposal before the Government for permitting FDIin retail trade. Your letter addressed to the Federation in this regardis enclosed for ease of reference.

***Many interesting comments have been made on the Prime

Minister's address to the nation in which defending his decision onFDI in Retail, he made the trite remark "money does not grow ontrees."

My colleague Jaswant Singh who is an ex-Army Officer haswritten an article for The Hindu (September 28, 2012) whichrecounts his conversation with his own tank-driver. I found JaswantSingh's article enlightening. The paragraph quoting the interactionwith his driver may be very appropriate as tail piece for today'sblog. This is what Jaswant Singh says about the PM's "ratheradmonitory" remark :TAILPIECE

Just a day after this astonishing, also so unneeded, reprimand,I received a telephone call from a retired soldier colleague, whohad served with me as my tank driver, sharing with me for manyyears my tank lean-to shelter at night. I save his name lest he benagged by the otherwise inefficient Intelligence Bureau. "Sahib",he said in his thick Shekhawati dialect and accent, "please educatethe PM that money does actually grow on trees and plants; weget all our fruits, vegetables and animal feed and also firewoodfrom a 'tree'. So tell him to think of the farmers, not of the'foreigners', who over two centuries back came as a companyand took away our land. Not one 'biswa' (a measure of land)was left to us". I promised him I would do so, but advised him notto disturb his retired life over such depressing thoughts, for just asour 'dhabas' defeated a rather cocky Colonel from Kentucky, USof A, India will defeat this, too. And not one word of this anecdoteis made up.

(Writer is Chairperson, BJP Parliamentary Party)


Why BJP opposesFDI in retailBy Arun Jaitley

The United States of America and the European Unionhave been demandeurs seeking that India permit Foreign

Direct Investment in its retail trade. India has obviously resistedthe demand till date. Their object is that large international chainmust control the food supply chain and the distribution of otheritems of daily utility in one of the world's largest markets, whichaccounts for over one-sixth of world's population. In any tradenegotiations, you seek counter-concession for concessions yougrant. Increasingly, both the USA and the European Union havebecome more protectionists. Without extracting any concessionback, we have taken a unilateral decision, gifting to their retailersthe right to control the distribution network in India.

It is good to be a reformist. Traditionally, a lot of us findourselves on the side of reforms but every change is not a reform.Changes which may end up hurting domestic interests are reallycounter-reforms. The time for allowing FDI in retail sector in Indiahas still not come.

In recent years, both small and organized retails have grown.A significant investment is being made year after year. The pace atwhich domestic retail is growing is modest and it is able to co-exist with small retail. However, at this stage, if international retail

majors are permitted the consequences will be adverse.The first consequence will be an adverse impact on domestic

manufacturing. Domestic retailers source domestically. Internationalretailers operate on the principle of buying internationally at thecheapest cost. Majority items to be sold by international retailersare going to be sourced from cheaper manufacturing economieslike China. Clothes, shoes, toiletries and other items of daily useare not likely to bear Indian signature. The fall in manufacturingsector jobs is likely. India needs manufacturing sector reforms inthe first instance, so as to enable us develop into low costmanufacturing economy. For this, we need to improveinfrastructure, low cost utilities, competitive interest rates and tradefacilitation. Once these reforms bring down the cost of ourmanufacturing goods, we can expect international retailers to sourcedomestically. In the absence of these reforms, international retailerswill be selling the products of low-cost economies, leading to anadverse setback to our already challenged manufacturing sector.

The character of the Indian economy is service-sector oriented.The latest NSSO survey shows a loss in employment. Self-employment continues to be the largest single source of breadearning. Agriculture and retail are the largest job providers in India.Is international retail going to give additional jobs, or is it onlygoing to displace existing jobs? If purchasing power increaseswith the expansion of Indian economy, it will reflect in the co-existence of structured organized domestic retail and small retail.International retailers with deeper pockets will displace existingjobs in the retail sector, rather than creating additional jobs.

A fragmented market is always in consumer interest. Aconsolidated market restricts the consumer choices. Thus, if thenumber of establishments is reduced and consumer options areeliminated, structured retail is hardly likely to serve consumerinterests. It can even lead to international retailers with deeperpockets to first sell at low prices, eliminate competition and thenexploit the consumers. The consequences of predatory pricingcan always be felt.


The Chinese example is thoroughly misconceived. Theinternational retailers like Walmart source their products from China,which they also sell in China and a large number of other countries.China gains hugely because its products are sold all over the world.It can hardly argue that you must source the products from Chinabut not sell in China.

Much is being made out of the backend infrastructure likecold chains will develop only when international retailers enterIndia. Cold Chain is neither a rocket science nor a proprietarytechnology. It seems bizarre that in order to set up a chain of coldstorages it can be suggested that food distribution chain of Indiabe handed over to corporations controlled by foreign entities. Thefarm-gate to the factory-gate argument is based on the logic thatonce middle-men are eliminated, the farmer will get more and theproducts will become cheaper. The only agricultural product inthe domestic market, which currently follows the farm-gate tofactory-gate principle, is sugarcane. If only the market forcesoperate without the help of a state-advised price, the cane growerswould have been put to starvation. If the farmer does prosper onaccount of international retailers then why it is that the farmers inthe USA and the EU have to be subsidized to an extent of $1billion each day.

FDI in retail cannot be introduced merely as a knee-jerkresponse because the government is suspected to have abandonedEconomic reforms. We are not opposed either to the concept ofFDI or giving an additional thrust to the reform programme.Changes which hurt the Indian economy can hardly be termed asreforms.

(Writer is Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha)

Money does grow on trees,Prime Minister

By Jaswant Singh

The U.S. experience proves that big retailers like Walmartare destructive for the community and will not generate

the benefits that India has been promisedThere is no way we can take lightly the Prime Minister's recent

address to the nation. It was, unarguably, an exceptional step forhim to take, renowned as he is neither for his loquacity, nor for hisoratorial skills. Why then did he mount his Rocinante of '91 vintageand futilely lance opponents of his policies by alleging that theywere "spreading canards"? Also, which Sancho Panza on his staffpersuaded him to use this insulting noun? But for this, his otherwiserather nondescript address would have been best left to itsinevitable fate of oblivion. Not, however, now.Telephone call

First: this rather admonitory "money does not grow on trees".Just a day after this astonishing, also so unneeded, reprimand, Ireceived a telephone call from a retired soldier colleague, whohad served with me as my tank driver, sharing with me for manyyears my tank lean-to shelter at night. I save his name lest he benagged by the otherwise inefficient Intelligence Bureau. "Sahib",he said in his thick Shekhawati dialect and accent, "please educatethe PM that money does actually grow on trees and plants; we


get all our fruits, vegetables and animal feed and also firewoodfrom a 'tree'. So tell him to think of the farmers, not of the'foreigners', who over two centuries back came as a companyand took away our land. Not one 'biswa' [a measure of land] wasleft to us". I promised him I would do so, but advised him not todisturb his retired life over such depressing thoughts, for just asour 'dhabas' defeated a rather cocky Colonel from Kentucky, USof A, India will defeat this, too. And not one word of this anecdoteis made up.

Therefore, next to the fabled merits of multiple retail shops of(in)famous names.

Please reflect first on the merits of India's unorganised andwidely dispersed retail trade, explained with admirable clarity andsuccinctness by S. Gurumurthy ("'Reform' at Nation's Cost," NewIndian Express, September 20) : "The unorganised retail trade inIndia represents the traditional, community-centric, low-cost …employment intense retailing that includes, but is not limited to,kirana shops, owner-run-general stores, paan-beedi shops,convenience stores, and hand-cart and pavement vending. In thismodel a whole family works in one shop and a whole communityis engaged in the trade in a defined area. Most advocates ofcorporate … and retail firms … ignore [this] critical contributionof the [existing system] to the Indian economy and society(emphasis added). This "multi-layer retailing is the mostdecentralised economic activity in India after agriculture. Second,it constitutes almost 98 percent of the total trade with an estimated12 million outlets. In contrast, organised trade accounts for just 2percent. Third, it is the largest employment provider after agriculture,employing an estimated 40 million people". In contrast, the world'slargest retail chain, Wal-Mart, employs just about five lakhs.Fourth, being "self-employed … with their families", this activitycomprises "120 million people".

It is "retailing that continuously generates … huge community-based entrepreneurship". And then "it contributes over 14 percentof India's GDP, while all [the] companies in the BSE 500 Index,

put together is some 4 percent". Also that the "unorganised retailsegment has been growing at an average rate of over 8 percent ayear for the last eight years (1999-00 to 2006-07). … secondonly to construction …" Let us consider seriously that "if [this]social capital link to retail trade is unsettled, the entire distant andremote supply chain will suffer over a period, disturbing the socialequilibrium and the organic social links that have evolved over …centuries".

There is then a further 'canard' spread by our dear PM andhis ilk, suggesting that concerns like 'Walmart', and others of thatvariety, overflow with the milk of human kindness and act only outof empathy and compassion for India's farmers and poor.Gurumurthy very effectively comes to our assistance here, too,the evidence, even in the U.S. being to the contrary: "Walmartentered in Austin neighbourhood of Chicago in 2006. And by2008, some 82 of the 306 small shops had closed down." Further,"the Economic Development Quarterly study found the closurerate around Walmart location at 35-60 per cent." Such studies inthe U.S. reject the UPA's assertion that FDI in retail does not hurtsmall shops. On job creation, a January 2010 report titled'Walmart's Economic Footprint', prepared for the New York CityPublic Advocate, says that "Walmart kills three local jobs for everytwo it creates". Jayati Ghosh, an eminent Indian economist citedby Karan Thapar, asserts that "one Walmart store in India willdisplace 1400 small retail stores costing 5000 jobs". This, too, isdismissed by the government as "meaningless".Misplaced view

As for Walmart offering better prices, please recognise it doesnot buy or pay for goods over the counter. It purchases the nation'snext harvest in futures market and fixes farm prices. It also "importscheap goods and destroys local production like it has done in theU.S." And an outstanding example of this is provided by PresidentGeorge W. Bush, who gratuitously observed "that [rice] priceshad gone up because newly prosperous Indians had begun eatingmore". In truth, as detailed by USA Today (April 23, 2008) and


CNN (April 24, 2008) the "California Rice Commission and USARice Federation" denied there was a "shortage of rice", explainingthat it was because 'Sams Club' (Walmart's wholesale division)was holding 'huge stocks', and 'pushing up the prices'.

Two UPA government reports - of the Planning CommissionWorking Group on Agriculture for the XI Plan (2007-2012), andthe 19th report of the Standing Committee of Parliament on Food(2006-2007), to Parliament - "themselves nail the lie that Walmartwill link farm-gate to its gate and make Indian farmers rich".

There is then that absurd assumption that this variety of capitalinflow is the answer to our present trade and current accountdeficits. First, this is neither true nor tenable. Secondly, whosemisgovernance/absence of governance has brought about thissituation? Please do not place all blame on the 'global situation'when you do not hesitate to pat your back about crossing the2008 fiscal obstacle course. "The trade account deficit of aboutUS$150 billion and the current account deficit exceeding 3 percent of GDP is very alarming and may lead to a balance ofpayments crisis of much graver nature than the 1990 position". Itis this continuous pressure on the "trade account and the suddenwithdrawal of funds by FIIs from the stock market that hasweakened the Indian Rupee", (Rs. 16 in 1991 to as low as Rs.50per U.S. dollar) during the UPA-2's Rule, resulting in a "devaluationof more than 300 per cent". (Thus becoming) one of "the majorcauses of imported inflation in the country during the past twodecades". Should our domestic savings, contributing almost 90per cent of investments in the country, go down, which withoutfiscal and monetary incentives could well happen, and should theInvestment to GDP ratio fall below 30 per cent, then surely wewill revert to a 'sub-Hindu rate' of growth. That is why primeministerial favours to foreign investors and step-motherly treatmentto our dear desis is so difficult to grasp.

Finally, a brief word about the totally wrong phraseology, towhich all have by now succumbed. The measures recentlyundertaken are not in any sense 'reforms', and I am very glad our

distinguished Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission hascandidly and correctly said so. These, at best, are 'administrative'measures which the government has now, with much fanfare,announced. Misplaced again, for the first reform needed, the veryfirst is 'reform of government', and reforming governance is vitalso that corruption is minimised and efficiency in administrationmaximised. I am doing what I promised my soldier colleague Iwould do. Are the knights of "El ingenioso hidalgo …" listening?

(Writer is Member of Parliament and a former Union Minister)(Courtesy: The Hindu)


On FDI in RetailBy Bhupender Yadav

In light of the Cabinet's recent approval of, and decision tooperationalize, 51 per cent FDI in multi-brand retail, it is

important to question the motives behind such a pronouncementsince the common man will be the most vulnerable to itsconsequences, the likes of which the Government is mandated toprotect him against. So is FDI really the boon it has beenproclaimed to be?

It must be said on the outset that the UPA, struck dismally byhuge budget and trade imbalances, is so concerned about revivingits flagging reputation that it is losing sight of the bigger picture andconsequently, its relevance as a governing body. Attempts to shakeoff policy paralysis do not entitle it to introduce reforms thatundermine the well being of society. Ironically enough, instead ofbeing seen as a step towards giving the economy a shot in thearm, the FDI reforms are perceived as an attempt to appeasegiant corporations waiting in the wing.

While the Government claims to have the requisite safeguardsin place to ensure that the lowest in the retail hierarchy are notburdened by operationalizing FDI, it is in fact, hard to ensure this.A Parliamentary Standing Committee on Commerce tasked withexamining Foreign and Domestic Investment in the Retail sector,released its report in 2009, declaring it a risky proposition in theIndian context, and that it should not be permitted, after it hadstudied all aspects and consulted relevant stakeholders regarding

the same. It made such key observations as the inevitable lossand displacement of a large number of jobs - there exists no built-in policy to relocate or re-employ those dislocated by corporates,that retail chains would try to adopt predatory pricing tactics towipe out domestic competition, and that once established theywould engage in anti-competitive practices. In addition to this,there are concerns about land acquisition, already a significantissue with prior foreign investors, and adherence to labour andenvironmental laws. In its current avatar, the FDI policy cannotmake an effective guarantee against any of the aforementionedpossibilities.

This is exacerbated by the fact that sourcing norms do notcurrently specify a timeline for domestic operations of overseascompanies. Worse, the mandatory 30 % sourcing from MSMEsrequirement has been diluted to sourcing "preferably fromMSMEs". This is a huge blow for the prospects of indigenousmanufacturing, which will have to compete against cheap Chineseproducts. Such an arrangement cannot be decided on a case-by-case basis, and the bureaucracy must make investment rulesconsistent for them to even begin to succeed. With so manylacunae in the policy as it currently exists, to operationalize it is anact of gross callousness on the part of the Government, and anindication of how serious it is in its commitment to bettering theeconomic position.

In such a situation, it is imperative that a regulatory frameworkto prevent displacement of small retailers through unfair practicesbe established. The Standing Committee in its report recommendedthat a National Commission be set up to study the problems ofthe retail sector, and that laws to protect interests of small retailersand prevent anti-competitive practices should be enacted, butnothing of the sort has been done as yet. Given the rickety state ofIndian unorganized retailing, there are serious apprehensions thatthe flow of organized foreign capital with its associated baggageof humungous infrastructure, bulging financial power professionalmanagerial staff etc, might sound the death knell for the retailing


industry. Inefficiencies in supply chains or lack of infrastructureshould be addressed by the Government in other ways since itsFDI proposals have no mechanisms of ensuring this, and it is apity that the Government deems itself incapable of establishingsuch a framework, which has lead to our dependence on foreigninvestment.

The Opposition's disapproval of the UPA's plans are obvious,but as a coalition, and a precariously balanced one at that (thedeparture of Mamata Bannerjee lead TMC has, in fact, brought itto the brink of collapse), this Government must learn to functionwithin the constraints that such an arrangement brings, but eventhere it has chosen to ignore its own allies who have openly, andvociferously, expressed their dissatisfaction with FDI in retail. Also,the fact that the Government has chosen to desist from consultingthe States about a decision of such contentious nature, legallyentitled though it is to do so, is an insult, and can be interpreted asa direct undermining of their authority and the federal structure ofour system of governance. The UPA has remained adamant to itscause though, arguing that state governments are free to accept orreject FDI in retail and that the MNC retailers will not open outletsin states where the state governments are opposed to the move.This is a hollow argument - once FDI is allowed by the Centre, itis only a matter of time till state governments feel compelled to dothe same, even though they might not be equipped to do so.

There can be no ambivalence in the Government's prioritiesat this juncture - the purported rationale behind the FDI reformsis, after all, benefit of the people. To risk our very financialautonomy in the pursuit of an objective that has at least as much ofa chance of failure as success is a mistake.

(The writer is Member of Parliament andBJP National Secretary)

Reform' at nation's costBy S Gurumurthy

Indeed ironical. On the same Friday (September 14) PrimeMinister Manmohan Singh rolled out the red carpet for

Walmart, New York City, America's largest, shut Walmart out.Again ironically the very Friday the UPA government handed theFDI bouquet to Walmart and lobbyists assured that small retailersare safe, Atlanticcities, a web-newspaper from the stable of thefamous Foreign Affairs magazine, carried a devastating headlinenews: 'Radiating Death: How Walmart Displaces Nearby SmallBusinesses'. Weeks ago, on June 30, over 10,000 people, shouting"Walmart = Poverty", marched through Los Angeles, America'srichest city, against Walmart stores. On June 1, hundreds protestedin Washington DC against Walmart. "Say-No-To-Walmart" is anongoing movement all over the United States.

Why focus on Walmart? It is world's most powerful retailer; ithas 'spent' a lot to get the UPA nod for FDI in retail. Even aslobbyists here celebrate Walmart, it has become untouchable whereit was born, in the US. Why is Walmart so hated in the US?"Walmart will devastate local businesses," say New York tradeunions and local communities. The mass protesters at Los Angelestoo cited the same reason: "small business will close down"; andscreamed "Walmart has no heart and no morals. We don't wantyou in Los Angeles." Politicians in the US, however, seem to belike the UPA's cousins. In March last, the Los Angeles City Council


had put a moratorium on big retailers, but, Walmart got buildingpermits just a day before! Recall the 2G permit cut off date?

Yet, the UPA certifies Walmart and its competitor cousins ascompassionate to small retailers and farmers. It promises they willemploy millions here. The evidence in the US is to the contrary.According to the Atlanticcities article, Walmart entered in Austinneighbourhood of Chicago in 2006. And by 2008, some 82 ofthe 306 small shops had closed down. The Economic DevelopmentQuarterly study found the closure rate around Walmart locationat 35-60 per cent. Walmart radiated closure of 20 per cent ofdrug stores every mile from its stores; and 15 per cent homefurnishing, 18 per cent hardware and 25 per cent toy stores. Studiesin the US nail the UPA lie that FDI in retail will not hurt smallshops. On job creation, a latest report (January 2010) titled'Walmart's Economic Footprint' prepared for the New York CityPublic Advocate says that Walmart kills three local jobs for everytwo it creates. So the job creation argument too is a lie. The thirdjustification that the 'farmers will get better prices' is a clever lie,and so needs a closer look. It suppresses the vital fact that Walmartdoes not buy, or pay, over the counter. It buys the nation's nextharvest in futures market and fixes farm prices. It also importscheap goods - from China - and destroy local production like ithas done in the US. Take the first case, with the recent experienceof the US and the world.

Rice prices in the US and world markets shot up by threetimes in April 2008 as compared to January 2007. It was thenthat the US President George W Bush made the funny remarkthat prices had gone up because the newly prosperous Indianshad begun eating more! What was the truth? The USA Today(April 23, 2008) and CNN (April 24, 2008) quoted the CaliforniaRice Commission and USA Rice Federation as denying shortageof rice and saying there was enough stock. Why then were pricesrising? It was because, said the CNN, Sams Club (Walmart'swholesale division), holding huge stocks, was pushing up the prices.US farmers accused speculators and futures market for the high

prices. It was not farmers who traded in farm futures. Investmentfunds accounted for 40 per cent of wheat futures trade in the USin January 2008, which rose to 60 per cent by April. Wheat futuresthat was $4 a bushel in early 2007, rose to $14 per bushel in April2008. The US farmer, who had sold his harvest in futures market,lost and Walmart, which had bought the futures, gained. Even ifsome farmers had some stocks Walmart, which had stocked atcheaper prices, refused to buy at higher prices, pointed out themedia.

Look at it this way. If the US farmers get remunerative pricesfrom Walmart why does the US, with two per cent farmingpopulation, grant annual farming subsidies of $20 billion and theEuropean Union, for its five per cent farming population, gift asubsidy of $74.5 billion annually. The experience of the US andWest nail all three justifications for the FDI in retail as lies. Foreigndirect investment in retail will incrementally hit the 12 million familyretailers in India; it will not help farmers; it will cut jobs. Evenmore dangerous, it will destroy the rural food security.

Two of UPA government's reports - of the PlanningCommission Working Group on Agriculture for the XI Plan (2007-2012), and the 19th report of the Standing Committee ofParliament on Food (2006-2007) to Parliament - themselves nailthe lie that Walmart will link farm-gate to its gate and make Indianfarmers rich. The reports describe the farm-gate thus: a total of59 million of farming families (32 crore rural people) live onsubsistence farms of five acres or less (while US farms are 250times and the Australian, 4000 times, larger); about 60 per cent offood products is barter-exchanged and consumed by farmers andfarm labour, and as seed and animal feeds within villages; only 40per cent move out of villages for commercial marketing. Even if asmall part of the large local needs is drawn by an efficient Walmartfrom the farm gate to its gate, that will mean urban pricing in ruralareas that will destroy the food security of two-thirds of Indians invillages.

The Montek Ahluwalia-led Planning Commission report


laments that 'the marginal farmers are certainly going to stay for along time' and 'what happens to them has implications for the entireeconomy." However, the small farmer is no waste. He is moreefficient. His productivity a third higher, than in large farms. Smallfarmers use one-third of the total cultivated area and produce 41per cent of nation's food and 110 million tonnes of milk. If largeones replace them, the nation's food production will fall by 7 percent. The reformers do not know that recent global researcheshave confirmed that economy of scale that applies to industriesdoes not apply to agriculture, where small ones are more efficientthan large ones.

QED: The 'reformers' betray illiteracy; clamour for fame asreformers; secure it at nation's cost. Reformers or deformers?

(Writer is a well-known commentator on politicaland economic issues.)

The dubious benefits ofFDI in retail

By K. Ramesh

The experience of US and Mexico with FDI in retail is farfrom encouraging.

It happened about two decades back. As a young lawyer, Iwas sharing the dais with a just retired IPS officer, addressing anelite gathering. I had just returned from a visit to Singapore and Iasked him why the police could not evict all pavement and roadsidevendors within a week.

The police officer chose to be silent before the public. Helater informed me in private that the police did not need a week,but just a couple of days to remove the small traders, shops ormiscellaneous service outfits occupying the pavement. But hecautioned that this would have a disastrous impact.

As the small-time vendors have little opportunity to participatein the mainstream economy, they make their living with prohibitivelyhigh-cost borrowings. When they are prevented from selling theirwares without being provided an alternative livelihood, the crimerate would go up. I was educated on how I was hopelessly wrongin comparing thinly populated countries such as Singapore withIndia, that accommodates one-sixth of people in this planet.

Bringing in FDI in retail at this juncture is bound to wipe outIndia's strengths.POPULATION ADVANTAGE

Suddenly, in the last few years, the growing population of


India has not been perceived as its continued weakness. Half thepopulation depends on small-time trading or entrepreneurship forsurvival. Foreign investment, in the last two decades, hascontributed less than 5 per cent to the economy, while the realwealth creation has come from the household sector, which includesproprietary and partnership firms.

The Government benefits from such a tiny sector, withoutenabling it to access cheap capital through the banking sector.This unorganised sector, therefore, deserves better treatment fromthe Government. Even as this issue is waiting to be addressed, theGovernment has opened the country's trade to Walmart.WALMART'S OVERTURES

It is one thing to permit FDI in manufacturing (or high prioritytechnology content sectors), as was done in 1991, and quite anotherto think that FDI will be a panacea for all the country's ills. Hasthe Government factored in the very large trading population, whomay not be aware of the possible damage to their livelihood?

What has the experience been with Walmart in the country oforigin and abroad? FDI comes with big promises of promotingemployment. The entry of the trading giant, Walmart, led to theclosure of 40,000 US factories between 2001 and 2007, resultingin throwing millions of people out of their jobs.

It is in these years that imports from China to US tripled invalue from $9 billion to $27 billion! According to the US Census,between 1992 and 2007, the number of independent retailers fellby more than 60,000.

As Walmart's business continued to grow and the stores beganto expand, communities lost their local retailers and there was lessdemand for services such as accounting and graphics design. Lessadvertising revenue for local media outlets also resulted in feweraccounts for local banks.

The classic example is the story of destruction of Iowa. In1983, Walmart opened its first store in the State. Since then, severalother retail stores were forced to close shutters.

The growth of Walmart has resulted in decreased wages, the

shrinking middle-class and increase in working poor. The savingsdue to shopping at Walmart cannot compensate for the loss ofjob opportunities and income. There are well-researched articlessuggesting that the US is being transformed from a technologically-advanced manufacturing economy to a mere consuming economyon account of higher imports.

Walmart has ensured that the American family would not beable to afford shopping anywhere else. Right now, the averagefamily of four spends approximately $4,000 a year at Walmart.This year, the Walton family (owners of Walmart) will be able topocket billions in dividends from their holdings.

The bargaining power of the global trading giant with theGovernments is so high that it eventually puts pressure on Statefinances, through tax-breaks, effective outsourcing models to killproduction jobs, and demands for increased investment in socialinitiatives by Governments due to job displacements.HASTY DECISION

Walmart faced allegations of bribery that helped it set up storesmuch ahead of its competitors within Mexico. This resulted inviolation of Mexican law and the US Foreign Corrupt PracticesAct. Thorough investigations were not carried out due totechnicalities in the law of limitation and to avoid further adversepublicity to Walmart.

There are studies that to show that giant trading corporationssuch as Walmart contribute to poverty, which could prove costlyin a country such as India with dense population with diverse base.

One strong argument put forward is the possible savings tothe consuming public. Perhaps, in the absence of FDI in retail, asection of affordable consumers is paying more. But that does notmean the displacement of small-time traders is a desirabledevelopment. Opening up India to overseas trading giants on anexaggerated perception of benefits of foreign investment is notsuch a wise policy decision.

(Writer is a corporate lawyer and a fellow of ICAI.)


FDI in retail -devil lies in the detailBy S. Murlidharan

Congress spokespersons have been saying that thegovernment's decision to allow foreign multi-brand retail

chains to set shop in India is subject to the concerned Stategovernment's approval under municipal laws such as the Shopsand Establishments Act - since trade and commerce come underthe State List.

In other words, if a State government does not want Wal-Mart to set shop anywhere in the State, so be it. Predictably, thedecision to operationalise the notification, kept in suspendedanimation for close to 10 months, has polarised the polity - withOpposition States upping the ante and the Congress-ruled Statesrallying round the UPA government.

But can the nation be divided into regions for the sake ofbusinesses like organised farm retail?

To wit, let us say Wal-Mart sets shop in New Delhi, as it can,given the population of Delhi is more than 10 lakh, and sourcesluscious mangoes from the neighbouring Uttar Pradesh.

In keeping with the mandate to invest at least 50 per cent ofthe FDI component in back-end infrastructure, Wal-Mart will haveto invest in manufacturing and processing facilities, cold storagesand other logistics in UP.

To be sure, the government notification does not contemplatea back-to-back relationship between a particular front-end

investment and the related back-end investment; it contemplatesthat overall, 50 per cent of the FDI must find its way into back-end operations anywhere in India.

But the issue still remains whether it would be kosher for Wal-Mart, for example, to not open front-end shops in UP, but opencold storages and processing centres there?

Even if the State governments opposed to front-end storeswelcome the foreign retail chains to open factories and warehouses(in their States), would it not make cost sense for an investor tosell some of the items he has sourced straightaway at theprocurement centre (through its front-end stores), instead of storingand transporting them in refrigerated vehicles at considerableexpenditure?

The point is, despite the keenness of the trade to transportfood items and other perishables to distant consumption centrestranscending national borders, often, it makes eminent sense tosell some of them at the point of production/procurement to theextent it can be absorbed by the market there.

In the event, Wal-Mart, for example, would certainly be miffedif it cannot set up shop in Lucknow to sell the mangoes grown inits surrounds.

It is all fine to say that State governments are under nocompulsion to allow FDI in retail in their own cities and towns,but the truth is investors view India as a nation and baulk atsuggestions at fragmentation, in their enlightened self-interest.INVERTING NATURAL SEQUENCE

The latitude given to foreign retailers to invest at least 50 percent of what they have brought in by way of FDI into the countryin back-end infrastructure, within three years of induction of theFDI, is a trifle baffling.

A manufacturing company first puts up its factory and thencommences production and sale. And this involves a gestationperiod of varying lengths, depending upon the industry it is in andthe size of the proposed operations.

Why then reverse this natural order in favour of foreign retailers?


Why not mandate them to first show their earnestness by investingin back-end operations? The counter to this argument could bethis would expose them to the phase nobody likes - gestationperiod. But gestation period is inevitable for any manufacturing,processing or infrastructure industry, and foreign retail chains shouldbe no exception.

Apart from being in the logical sequence as well as proof ofearnestness, starting with back-end infrastructure would also avoidthe bitterness that would arise out of penalising an investor for notkeeping his promise.

One should not let an investor, especially of foreign vintageand pedigree, off the hook.

The defence offset contracts provide a stark example of thedangers of such indulgence to foreigners. Orders of the size of Rs300 crore and above are subject to offset clause in terms of whichthe foreign defence equipments supplier has to source at least 30per cent of his exports from India.

This was intended to strengthen our domestic capabilities, butthe indulgence shown to foreign armaments and other suppliershas degenerated to such an extent that today the Indian governmentwould be happy if they supply interiors for civilian aircraft and toother less demanding ventures, so long as they plough back 30per cent of the exports into India.PARKING AND CONNECTIVITY

The government expects retail chains of foreign pedigree totake care of connectivity and parking, twin problems arising outof rapid and relentless urbanisation.

This indeed is a tall order, one that could act as a dampener. Itis not as if they are undesirable, but would it be possible for Wal-Mart to ensure connectivity, when that is not in its hands? To besure, it can be expected to buy a large tract of land to accommodateparking so that the visitors to its establishment do not make atraffic nuisance. But connectivity is a different kettle of fish.

(Writer is a New Delhi-based chartered accountant)

Government quoted wrongfigures of 40 % post-harvest loss

on FDI in Retail issueBy Praveen Khandelwal

Its own study says loss is only 6% to 18%.The Union Government has deliberately exaggerated figures

of post-harvest losses of agricultural produceto justify its decisionof allowing FDI in Retail. Various quarters of the Governmenthave repeatedly said that 40% wastage of fruits and vegetables isalarmingand therefore FDI in Retail is required to develop thebackend infrastructure.In reality, as per a detailed studycommissioned by the Government andconducted by Central Instituteof Post-Harvest Engineering andTechnology(CIPHET), Punjab,thewastage of fruits is only between 6 to 18% andvegetables is between6 to 12.5 %.

The government is thus citing false and misleading informationto aid and abet the entry of multinationals into thecountry. It is actingagainst the interest of millions of its citizens. Never before have thepeople been betrayed by their own government in this fashionpost-independence.

The report was prepared at the direction ofparliamentarycommittee, so the genesis is requirement of parliament. TheMinistryof Food Processing Industry asked the Indian Council ofAgriculturalResearch (ICAR) to conduct a study on post-harvestlosses. The ICAR in turnasked Central Institute of Post-HarvestEngineering and Technology (CIPHET) to conduct a study. TheCIPHET in its Press Release said that it conducted thestudy with


the help of Indian Statistical Research Institute and usedscientificmethods to reduce errors. The CIPHET study was given toGovernmentof India in July 2010. The government has beenmisleading the nation for thepast two years on this issue.

CIPHET's nationwide quantitative assessment of harvest andpost-harvest losses in 2010 covered 46 agricultural produce in 106randomly selected districts. It revealed that wastage of Fruitsis onlybetween 6% to 18% and vegetables between 6% to 12.5 %.Wastage is lowerfor other items: for crop (3.9 -6.0%), cereals (4.3-6.1%), pulses (4.3-6.1%),oilseeds (6.0%), meat (2.3%), fish (2.9%)and poultry (3.7%).

The summary of the study of post-harvest loss is available on thewebsite of Ministry of Food Processing.In a written reply to the LokSabha in February 2011, Minister of State forFood Processing ShriHarish Rawat referred to the CIPHET study. On May 3,2012Ministerof State for Food Processing Industries ShriCharan Das Mahantinformedthe Parliament that cumulative wastage in fruits and vegetablesis estimatedbetween 5.8% and 18%. The Government has been fullyaware of the facts andfigures of post-harvest wastage. In the UnionBudget 2012-13 underImplementation of Budget Announcements inPara no.65 again the figure of 40%wastage of fruits and vegetables isquoted. What is compelling the Governmentto repeatedly say that thereis post-harvest wastage of about 40% in theCountry?

The CIPHET report has also beenquoted, with tables on Page 84-85, in the report of Working Group onAgricultural Infrastructureconstituted by the Planning Commission. Even Dr. MontekSinghAhluwalia, Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission also saidthat InIndia 30% of fruits and vegetables and 5-7% grains arewasted-quoted nowpublic.com.

On 25th November, 2011(16 monthsafter the CIPHET study),the Department of Industrial Promotion and Planning(DIPP) underMinistry of Commerce placed a note as to why FDI in Retailisnecessary. It states that "as per some industry estimates, 35-40%offruits and vegetables and nearly 10% of food grains in India arewasted." Thesame words were repeated in the Discussion Paperof DIPP released on 6th July,2010 and it was made a major argument

for allowing FDI in Retail. Which"industry source "did the DIPPrely on? The ASSOCHAM and Yes Bank were fully awareof theCIPHET report. Why not they made efforts to correct theGovernmentfigures is again a big question? It is further questionablethat when CIPHETstudy figures were available why the "industryestimates" were quoted by DIPP?If the CIPHET study was notcorrect, why the Government did not contradictedthe figures quotedby CIPHET up till now.

The Prime Minister's address to the nation also mentions thatone third of fruits and vegetables which at presentare wasted canbe saved by building new warehouses, cold-storage andmoderntransport system. Whereas on the other hand, the Notificationissued on 20thSeptember, 2012 while defining the backendinfrastructure does not mention"cold storage and modern transportsystem."

There are more questions attached to this issue. What was thefigure of food wastage quoted in the Cabinet note onthe basis ofwhich the Cabinet allowed FDI in Retail Trade If it was 40% whynotthe Minister of Food Processing and Minister of Agriculturecontradictedthe figures since they were aware of real figures? Thestatement of DelhiChief Minister Mrs. Shiela Dixit made in presenceof Mr. Anand Sharma on 1stOctober, 2012 at a Rally at herresidence in which she stated that 30% fruitsand vegetables gowaste due to unavailability of cold storage, gives an impression thateven the Chief Ministers of States were also briefed the figure offood wastage to the tune of 40%.

Interestingly, the nations like USAand Canada where globalretail giants are operating their business activitiesare actually havingthe wastage of 40% food, as per reports available.

This is a unique case where theelected government is puttingout false propaganda against the interests of themasses of peopleto support the multinational companies. It is not late evennow. TheCAIT appeal is for the government to show its bona fides andwithdraw the anti-people notification on FDI in retail.

(Writer is General Secretary, Confediration of All IndiaTraders)

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ços'k dj ldrk gSA blds fy, og fdlh Hkkjrh; daiuh ds lkFk la;qäm|e cuk ldrk gS ;k iw.kZ LokfeRo okyh lgk;d daiuh ;kuh lfClfM;jh'kq: dj ldrk gSA vxj og ,slk ugha djuk pkgrk rks ;gka bdkbZ dkfons'kh daiuh dk ntkZ cjdjkj j[krs gq, Hkkjr esa laidZ] ifj;kstuk ;k'kk[kk dk;kZy; [kksy ldrk gSA vkerkSj ij ;g Hkh mEehn dh tkrh gSfd ,QMhvkbZ fuos'kd dk nh?kkZofèk fuos'k gksxkA blesa mudk foÙk dsvykok nwljh rjg dk Hkh ;ksxnku gksxkA

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çèkkuea=h M‚- eueksgu flag dk nkok gS fd ,QMhvkbZ Hkkjr ds Ñf"k{ks= ds fy, ojnku* lkfcr gksxkA ysfdu Ñf"k fo'ks"kK M‚- nsfoanj 'kekZds eqrkfcd ;g lp ugha gSA mudk dguk gS fd [kqnjk cktkj esa fons'khfuos'k ds lcls cM+s iSjksdkj vesfjdk esa Hkh [kqnjk cktkj esa fons'kh fuos'kfdlkuksa vkSj Ñf"k {ks= ds fy, vPNk lkfcr ugha gqvk gSA vesfjdk esaQsMjy ljdkj dh enn dh otg ls ogka ds fdlku Qk;ns esa jgrs gSaA2008 esa vk, QkeZ fcy esa vesfjdk us vxys 5 lkyksa ds fy, Ñf"k {ks= dsfy, 307 vjc vesfjdh M‚yj dk çkoèkku fd;k x;k FkkA ,sls esa lokymBrk gS fd vxj [kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZ ;k cM+h iwath yxkus ls fdlkuksa dkscM+k Qk;nk gksrk rks vesfjdh ljdkj dks vius fdlkuksa dks bruh HkkjhHkjde lfClMh D;ksa nsuh iM+rh\ if'peh ns'kksa esa fdlkuksa dks dbZ rjg dhlfClMh ds ckotwn ,d LVMh esa ;g ckr lkeus vkbZ gS fd ;wjksi esa gjfeuV ,d fdlku [ksrh ckM+h dk dke NksM+ jgk gSA

nke esa deh ugha

cM+h [kqnjk nqdkusa cktkj ij èkhjs&èkhjs ,dkfèkdkj cuk ysrh gSaA,dkfèkdkj ds ckn ;gh daifu;ka euekuh njksa ij vius mRikn csprh gSaA,QMhvkbZ dk fojksèk dj jgs tkudkjksa dk nkok gS fd vÝhdk vkSj ,f'k;kesa dqN lqijekdsZV esa oLrqvksa ds nke [kqys cktkj ls 20 ls 30 Qhlnh lsT;knk ik, x,A

vukt dks lM+us ls ugha cpk,axh daifu;ka

,QMhvkbZ ds leFkZdksa dk dguk gS fd [kqnjk cktkj esa fuos'k djus


okyh fons'kh daifu;ka oSKkfud <ax ls yk[kksa Vu vukt dks lM+us ls cpkusds fy, i;kZIr bartke djsaxhA ysfdu [kqnjk {ks= esa ,QMhvkbZ ds fojksèkhiwNrs gSa fd nqfu;k ds fdl ns'k esa ,slh cM+h daifu;ka fdlkuksa ds vuktdks lM+us ls cpkus ds fy, HkaMkj.k dh lqfoèkk ns jgh gSa\ xkSj djus okyhckr ;g gS fd ljdkj us HkaMkj.k ¼LVksjst½ ds {ks= esa ,QMhvkbZ dhbtktr igys gh ns j[kh gSA ysfdu vc rd bl {ks= esa dksbZ fons'kh fuos'kugha gqvk gSA

u, rjg ds fcpkSfy, vk tk,axs lkeus

[kqnjk cktkj esa fons'kh fuos'k ds leFkZdksa dk dguk gS fd bllscktkj esa lcls T;knk Qk;ns esa jgus okys fcpkSfy, xk;c gks tk,axsD;ksafd [kqnjk dh fons'kh nqdkusa fdlkuksa ls muds mRikn lhèks rkSj ij[kjhnsaxs vkSj blls fdlkuksa dks dkQh Qk;nk gksxkA ysfdu Ñf"k fo'ks"kKM‚- nsfoanj 'kekZ dk dguk gS fd ;g èkkj.kk xyr gSA mUgksaus vesfjdk esagq, ,d vè;;u dk gokyk nsrs gq, dgk gS fd 20 oha lnh dh 'kq#vkresa vesfjdk ds fdlkuksa dks ykxr fudkyus ds ckn djhc 70 Qhlnh dhdekbZ gksrh FkhA ysfdu 2005 esa ;g Qk;nk fxjdj 4 Qhlnh ij vkx;kA ,sls esa fdlkuksa dks dgka Qk;nk gks jgk gSA ,slk blfy, gks jgkgS D;ksafd [kqnjk dh cM+h nqdkusa vius lkFk u, rjg ds fcpkSfy, ysdjvkrh gSaA ,QMhvkbZ ds ckn Do‚fyVh daVªksyj] LVSaMMkZbtj] lfVZfQds'ku,tsalh] ç‚lslj vkSj iSdsftax dalyVsaV ds :i esa u, fcpkSfy, lkeusvk,axsA

jkstxkj

,d vkdyu ds eqrkfcd Hkkjr esa [kqnjk vFkZO;oLFkk djhc 400 vjcvesfjdk M‚yj dk gSA blesa 1&2 djksM+ [kqnjk O;kikjh djhc 4 djksM+yksxksa dks jkstxkj fn, gq, gSaA ;gka è;ku nsus okyh ckr ;g gS fdo‚y&ekVZ dk VuZvksoj 420 vjc vesfjdh M‚yj dk gSA ysfdu bl daiuhus flQZ 21 yk[k yksxksa dks jkstxkj fn;k gSA [kqnjk cktkj esa fons'kh fuos'kds fojksfèk;ksa dk dguk gS fd vxj o‚y&ekVZ tSlh daiuh brus de yksxksads ne ij mruk gh dkjksckj dj jgh gS] ftruk fd Hkkjr dk dqy [kqnjkcktkj gS rks ml daiuh ls D;k mEehn dh tk ldrh gSA ,QMhvkbZ dsfojksèkh iwNrs gSa fd D;k ,slh daiuh ls 4&5 djksM+ yksxksa dks jkstxkj nsus

dh mEehn dh tk ldrh gS\

D;k gksxk QSlys ds ckn

bl QSlys ds ckn fons'kh daifu;ka fdjkuk LVksj [kksy ldsaxhA

Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa ls lk>snkjh esa dkjksckj djsaxh fons'kh daifu;kaA

fons'kh daifu;ka vfèkdre 51 Qhlnh fgLlsnkjh j[k ldrh gSaA

fdlkuksa vkSj mRikndksa ls lkeku [kjhnsaxh fons'kh daifu;kaA

lhèks xzkgdksa dks lkeku cspsaxh fons'kh daifu;kaA

cM+s iSekus ij yksx csjkstxkj gksaxsA

NksVs nqdkunkjksa dk jkstxkj pkSiV gks tk,xkA

daifu;ka eupkgs nkeksa ij lkeku cspsaxhA

baÝkLVªDpj dk [kpkZ turk ls olwysaxhA

daifu;ka O;kikj ij dCtk dj ysaxhA

daifu;ka fdlkuksa dks lgh nke ugha nsaxhA

nslh cktkj iwjh rjg èoLr gks tk,xkA NksVs vkSj ea>ksys nqdkunkjd‚fEifV'ku esa ugha fVd ik,axsA mudk jkstxkj Bi gks tk,xkA

nslh cktkj ls tqM+s yk[kksa yksxksa ls jkstxkj Nhu fy;k tk,xkA

Hkkjr ls dekbZ dj fons'kh daifu;ka viuk equkQk rks dek,axh]ns'k dks vkenuh ugha gksxhA


fons'kh ncko ds dkj.k[kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZlwjtdqaM ¼gfj;k.kk½ esa vk;ksftrHkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dh jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~cSBd esa ikfjr vkfFkZd izLrko ls m)`r

ljdkj dk ,d vkSj tufojksèkh fu.kZ; gS& fons'kh ncko esa

vkdj eYVhczkaM [kqnjk O;kikj esa vuqefr nsukA ljdkj us laln dsnksuksa lanuksa esa ,d iDdk oknk fd;k Fkk fd og bl lacaèk esa vkelgefr ij igqapus ds fy, lHkh jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa vkSj jkT;ljdkjksa ls ckr djsxhA ;g oknk rksM+ fn;k x;k gSA eYVhczkaM[kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZ dh vuqefr nsus ls gekjs [kqnjk O;kikj ij cqjkizHkko iMs+xk vkSj u dsoy QqVdj {ks= cfYd fofuekZ.k {ks= esa Hkhblls dkQh iSekus ij csjkstxkjh iSnk gksxh] D;ksafd eYVhczkaM fjVsypsUl lkjs fo'o esa viuk dkjksckj djsaxhA Hkkjr esa QqVdj O;kikj{ks= rhljk lcls cM+k jkstxkj nsus okyk {ks= gS vkSj nl fefy;uls vfèkd O;kikfjd izfr"Bku izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k :i ls 40fefy;u yksxksa dks jkstxkj iznku djrk gSA tc ge fo'o esaeYVhczkaM fjVsy dh vksj ns[krs gSa rks irk pyrk gS fd bllsjkstxkj ds volj [krjs esa iM+ tk;saxsA bl rF; dks lHkh tkurs

gSa fd eYVhczkaM fjVsy psu }kjk l`ftr dh xbZ izR;sd ,d yk[kukSdfj;ksa ds ihNs 5 yk[k ukSdfj;ka lekIr gks tkrh gSaA

fdlkuksa dks Hkh dksbZ ykHk ugha gksxkA [kk| izlaLdj.k esa Lor%100 izfr'kr ds ,QMhvkbZ dk vuqHko dksbZ mRlkgtud ugha gSA 25fcfy;u vejhdh Mkyj vfèkd dh ,QMhvkbZ ds ekè;e ls fuos'kgksus dh vko';drk gS ijarq bl fu.kZ; ds 10 o"kZ ds ckn tehuhlPpkbZ ;g gS fd bu vkadM+ksa dk 5 izfr'kr Hkh fuos'k ugha fd;kx;k gSA vr% cSd ¼back½ ,.M cqfu;knh <kaps dk l`tu ,ddkYifud lR; gSA gesa ;g ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd ;s eYVhczkaMfjVsy psu Hkkjr esa equkQk dekus vk jgh gS u fd nku nsus ds fy,Axzkeh.k dkjhxjksa ij Hkh bldk cqjk izHkko iM+sxkA

ljdkj }kjk ,d cgqr cM+k >wB vkSj tks vQokg QSykbZ tkjgh gS tks jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk ;g fu.kZ; fy, tkus ds vfèkdkj lslacafèkr gS fd os vius&vius jkT; esa fons'kh eYVhczkaM fjVsy psUldh vuqefr nsa ;k u nsaA ,d ckj dsUæ }kjk vuqefr fn;s tkus ijeYVhczkaM fjVsy esa ,QMhvkbZ dh vuqefr nsus ;k u nsus dh ljdkjksadh {kerk gekjh dqN f}i{kh; fuos'k lacaèkh lafèk;ksa ds vèkhu laHkou gks ik;sA nwljs ;fn izR;sd jkT; dks Lora=rk ns nh tkrh gS rksml le; D;k gksxk ;fn jkT; ljdkjsa cny tkrh gSaA vr% Hkktik;g ekax djrh gS fd eYVhczkaM fjVsy esa ,QMhvkbZ ykxw djus dsfu.kZ; dks okil fy;k tk;sA


Mk- eueksgu flag us 2002 esadgk Fkk % [kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZjkstxkj dks u"V dj nsxk

&ykyÑ".k vkMok.kh

,uMh, ljdkj ds le; dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds rRdkyhu eq[; lpsrd Jh

fç;jatu nkleqa'kh us [kqnjk esa fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k lEcUèkh ;kstuk vk;ksxdh flQkfj'k dk lanHkZ nsrs gq, oktis;h ljdkj }kjk ,slk jk"Vª&fojksèkh^dke djus dh fn'kk esa c<+us dh fuank dh FkhA

okf.kT; ea=h ds :i esa Jh v:.k 'kkSjh us laln esa rqjar [kM+s gksdj;g nksgjk;k Fkk fd ljdkj ,sls fdlh Hkh çLrko ds i{k esa ugha gSA

fiNys fnuksa lwjtdqaM esa lEiUu Hkktik dh jk"Vªh; ifj"kn esa vkfFkZdçLrko ij cksyrs gq, esjs lg;ksxh Jh oSad¸;k uk;Mw us Mk0 eueksgu flag}kjk jkT; lHkk esa foi{k ds usrk dh gSfl;r ls fy[ks x;s ,d i= dks mírfd;k ftlesa bl rF; dh iqf"V dh xbZ FkhA QsMjs'ku v‚Q egkjk"Vª VªsMlZus bl lacaèk esa viuh fpUrk ls mudks voxr djk;k FkkA 21 fnlEcj]2002 ds vius i= esa Mk0 eueksgu flag us dgk fd nks fnu iwoZ gh ;gekeyk jkT;lHkk esa mBk FkkA Mk0 eueksgu flag fy[krs gSa fd ßfoÙk ea=hus vk'oklu fn;k fd ljdkj ds ikl [kqnjk O;kikj esa fons'kh çR;{k fuos'kdks vkeaf=r djus dk dksbZ çLrko ugha gSßA

Mk0 eueksgu flag dks lEcksfèkr QsMjs'ku v‚Q egkjk"Vª VªsMlZ dk i=[kqnjk esa fons'kh fuos'k ij vkSj T;knk vkykspukRed gSA QsMjs'ku dhfons'k O;kikj lfefr ds ps;jeSu lh-Vh- la?koh }kjk fy[ks x;s i= esa dgkx;k gS fd%

ßJheu~ vkidks Lej.k gksxk fd 2002&03 esa ns'k esa [kqnjk O;kikj ds egRoiw.kZfo"k; ds flyflys esa eq>s QsMjs'ku v‚Q ,lksfl,'ku v‚Q egkjk"Vª ds ,dçfrfufèke.My ds lkFk jkT;lHkk esa usrk çfri{k ds #i esa vki ls feyus dkvolj feyk FkkA

gekjs foLr`r o.kZu ls igys gh vkius lkQ rkSj ij dgk Fkk fd ge[kqnjk O;kikj esa fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k dh vuqefr ugha nsus nsaxsA^ vkiusvkxs mYys[k fd;k fd ßHkkjr dks ,sls fdLe ds lqèkkj dh dksbZ t#jr ughagS tks jkstxkj iSnk djus ds ctk; jkstxkj dks u"V djsaAß

blh i= esa fla?koh fy[krs gSa%

Jheu~ tSlkfd geus vkidks bu cgqjk"Vªh; fjVsy Üka[kyk LVksj laxBuksa}kjk NksVs nqdkunkjksa ¼fjVsyksa½ dks çfr;ksfxrk esa lekIr djus gsrq ¼çsMVksjhçkbflax½ tSls xyr O;kikfjd gFkd.Ms viukus ds ckjs esa crk;k FkkAgekjs çfrfufèke.My us vkidk è;ku lwnwj iwohZ ns'kksa&FkkbZyS.M] eysf'k;k]b.Mksusf'k;k&tSls ns'kksa ds [kqnjk O;kikj ij bl fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k dsiM+us okys foijhr çHkko dh vksj fnyk;k Fkk ftUgksaus 1990 ds n'kd dsvUr esa bldh vuqefr nh FkhA

ckn esa] gekjk çfrfufèke.My vkils vusd voljksa ij feyk vkSjbl fo"k; ij fofHkUu lEcfUèkr vfèkdkfj;ksa dks lkSais x, gekjs foLr`rKkiuksa dks Hkh vkidks lkSaik A dqy feykdj jk"Vªh; -f"Vdks.k ls blfo"k; dh xaHkhjrk ds lanHkZ esa vkius 18 vkSj 19 fnlEcj] 2002 dksjkT;lHkk esa ;g eqík mBk;k vkSj rc ds foÙk ea=h ls ;g vk'oklu Hkhfy;k fd [kqnjk O;kikj essa fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k dh vuqefr nsus lEcUèkhdksbZ çLrko ljdkj ds ikl ugha gSA QsMjs'ku dks lEcksfèkr vkidk i=lanHkZ ds fy, layXu gSA

[kqnjk esa fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k lEcUèkh vius QSlys ds cpko esaçèkkuea=h }kjk jk"Vª dks lEcksfèkr djus lEcUèkh Hkk"k.k esa bl fVIi.kh


fd ßiSlk isM+ksa ij ugha mxrkß ij cgqr lh fnypLi fVIif.k;ka dh tkjgh gSaA

esjs lg;ksxh tloar flag tks ,d lsokfuor lSU; vfèkdkjh gSa] }kjk fn fgUnw¼28 flrEcj] 2012½ esa ,d ys[k fy[kk x;k gS] ftlesa muds vius VSad&pkyd lsgqbZ ckrphr dk mYys[k gSA tloar flag th dk ys[k eq>s dkQh Kkuçn yxkAmuds pkyd ds lkFk gqbZ ckrphr okyk iSjkxzkQ eq>s vkt ds Cy‚x ds Vsyihlds fy, mi;qä yxkA

tc ofj"B dkaxzslh lkaln us [kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZ dks jk"Vª&fojksèkhekuk

,uMh, ljdkj ds le; ,d ckj [kqnjk esa fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k ds¼,QMhvkbZ½ eqís ij Hkktik vkSj dkaxzsl esa rh[kk okn&fookn gqvkA ;g 16fnlEcj] 2002 dh ckr gSA

dkaxzsl ds ,d çeq[k lkaln Jh fç; jatu nkleqa'kh us bdu‚feDlVkbEl esa çdkf'kr [kqnjk esa fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k lEcUèkh ,d ys[k ftlesadgk x;k Fkk fd ;kstuk vk;ksx us nloha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds çk#inLrkost esa ekuk gS fd bl {ks= esa fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k dh t#jr gS] dkgokyk nsrs gq, nkleqa'kh us dgk fd ukSdj'kkgksa ds ekè;e ls ßcgqjk"Vªh;[kqnjk fjVsylZ yxkrkj ljdkj ij ncko cuk jgs gSa fd og [kqnjk esafons'kh çR;{k fuos'k tSls jk"Vª fojksèkh QSlys dh vuqefr nsAß

nkleqa'kh us vkxs dgk fd ljdkj us fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k dh lhek,ar; djus ds mís'; ls eaf=;ksa dk lewg xfBr fd;k FkkA eaf=;ksa ds lewgus [kqnjk O;kikj esa fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k dh voèkkj.kk dks jí dj fn;k FkkAmUgksaus crk;k fd ckn esa] jkstxkj lEcUèkh ;kstuk vk;ksx dh ,d VkLdQkslZ us bls bl vkèkkj ij jí djus dh lykg nh Fkh fd blls jkstxkjij cqjk vlj iM+sxkA

nkleqa'kh us dgk% lj] okf.kT; ea=h ;gka gSaA eSa muls fLFkfr Li"Vdjus vkSj bls fjdkMZ esa ntZ djkus dk vuqjksèk djrk gwaA

ml le; ds okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx ea=h v#.k 'kkSjh mlh le; [kM+sgksdj cksys% lj] tSlkfd vki tkurs gSa vkSj lEekuh; lnL; Hkh fdorZeku uhfr tksfd 1997 ls pyh vk jgh gS] ds vuqlkj [kqnjk O;kikj esa

fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k dh vuqefr ugha gSA

nkleqa'kh% eSaus dgk fd ;kstuk vk;ksx }kjk rS;kj nloha ;kstuk dknLrkost bls Loh-fr nsrk gS tcfd eaf=;ksa ds lewg us bls jí fd;k gSA

Jh v#.k 'kkSjh% fdlh Hkh gkyr esa] nloha ;kstuk dk nLrkostjk"Vªh; fodkl ifj"kn dh cSBd esa fopkjkFkZ vk,xkA dkaxzslh eq[;eaf=;ksalfgr lHkh eq[;eaf=;ksa dks oS;fäd çkoèkkuksa ij viuh ckr dgus dkvolj feysxkA mlesa vk;kr ;k la;qä miØeksa esa O;kikfjd xfrfoèk;ksa]Fkksd xfrfofèk;ksa dh vuqefr gS vkSj og Hkh muesa fo'ks"khÑr phtksa ijA;fn vki pkgrs gSa fd eSa mUgsa i<+dj lqukÅa rks eSa i<+ ldrk gwa ysfdu tgkard lkekU;r;k [kqnjk O;kikj dk lEcUèk gS] og fcYdqy lgh gS fd 1997ls ;gh ljdkj dh uhfr jgh gSA eSa le>rk gwa fd ek= nks dEifu;ksa dksgh bl lEcUèk esa 1997 ls iwoZ vuqefr nh xbZ ysfdu mlds ckn ls fdlhdks Hkh vuqefr ugha nh xbZ gSA geus fjtoZ cSad ls Hkh pkSd dj fy;k gSA

vesfjdk dk lcls cM+k fjVsyj vkt o‚yekVZ gSA nqfu;k Hkj esa bldsgtkjksa LVkslZ gSaA lokZfèkd vesfjdk esa gSaA mlds ckn eSfDldks esaA U;w;‚dZVkbEl fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd ;g miyfCèk bl fjVsyj dh eSfDldks bdkbZ usßbl Hkkjh o`fèn ds fy, [kqys gkFkksa ls èku ijksldjß dh gSA VkbEl esaçdkf'kr tkap ds ckn vçSy] 2012 esa o‚yekVZ us iqf"V dh fd mluso‚yekVZ fM eSfDldks esa fj'or ds vkjksiksa dh tkap dh gSA

Vsyihl ¼i'P; ys[k½

ftl fnu ¼14 flrEcj½ çèkkuea=h eueksgu flag us o‚yekVZ ds Lokxrgsrq yky dkyhu fcNk;k] mlh fnu U;w;kdZ flVh esa vesfjdk dk fo'kkyreo‚yekVZ can gks x;kA

foMEcuk nsf[k;s fQj 'kqØokj dks ;wih, ljdkj us o‚yekVZ dks,QMhvkbZ dk xqynLrk lkSaik vkSj y‚fcLVksa us vk'oLr fd;k fd NksVs[kqnjk O;kikjh lqjf{kr gSa] mlh fnu çflèn if=dk Q‚jsu vQs;lZ ds lewgls çdkf'kr ,d osc lekpkji= ,VykaVkflfVt us ,d lnek igqapkusokyk 'kh"kZd lekpkj çdkf'kr fd;k% ßfjMk,fVax MsFk% g‚m o‚yekVZfMLIysll fu;jck; Leky fctusLlAß


vusd lIrkg iwoZ] 30 twu dks 10 gtkj ls T;knk yksx vesfjdk dsèkuk<; 'kgj y‚l ,ftaYl esa o‚yekVZ LVkslZ ds fo#) ßo‚yekVZ ¾i‚ojVh ¼xjhch½ß ukjs yxkrs gq, 'kgj esa fudysA

1 twu dks gtkjksa yksxksa us okf'kaxVu Mhlh esa o‚yekVZ ds fo#ènfojksèk çn'kZu fd;kA iwjs la;qä jkT; vesfjdk esa ßls&uks&Vw&okyekVZßvkanksyu py jgk gSA

&,l- xq#ewfrZfn U;w bf.M;u ,Dlçsl ¼20 flrEcj] 2012½ esa

¼ys[kd Hkktik lalnh; ny ds v/;{k gSa½

vius tky esa Qalh ljdkj¼dsaæ ljdkj [kqnjk dkjksckj esa

,QMhvkbZ ds eqís ij ns'kfgr dsuqdlku dks D;ksa utjankt dj jgh gS\½

& v#.k tsVyh& v#.k tsVyh& v#.k tsVyh& v#.k tsVyh& v#.k tsVyh

laçx ljdkj ,d cM+s ladV dk lkeuk dj jgh gSA eYVh czkaM fjVsy

{ks= esa fons'kh iwath fuos'k dks eatwjh nsus dk QSlyk ljdkj us xyr le;ij fy;k & ns'k dh vkfFkZd lPpkb;ksa ds fygkt ls Hkh vkSj ekStwnkjktuhfrd fLFkfr ds fygkt ls HkhA bl QSlys ds le; ij çR;sdjktuhfrd çs{kd dks vk'p;Z gksxkA ljdkj dh fo'oluh;rk vius lclsfupys Lrj ij gSA ljdkj dk usr`Ro Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj vkfFkZd dqçcaèku dsvkjksiksa dk tokc ns ikus esa vlQy jgk gSA laln dk ,tsaMk igys gh ,slselyksa ls Hkjk iM+k Fkk tks ljdkj ds fy, ijs'kkuh dk dkj.k cursA vR;ardfBukbZ ls ljdkj us ewY;o`f) ij ernku okys çLrko ls [kqn dk cpkofd;k vkSj og dkys èku rFkk Hkz"Vkpkj ij ernku okys çLrko ij ppkZds fy, lger gqbZA laln l= ds chp esa gh dSfcusV us eYVhczkaM fjVsyesa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dks eatwjh nsus dk QSlyk dj fy;kA bl QSlysds ihNs D;k jktuhfrd ckè;rk Fkh\

fiNys dqN o"kkZsa esa ljdkj us ;g çnf'kZr fd;k gS fd mlus vkfFkZdlqèkkjksa dh jkg NksM+ nh gSA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij O;kolkf;d txr dk


fo'okl blh dkj.k Mxexk jgk gSA fiNys rhu o"kkZsa ls eqækLQhfrvfu;af=r jgh gSA isVªksy dh dhersa Hkh ubZ ÅapkbZ ij igqap jgh gSaA bldk,d dkj.k tgka varjjk"Vªh; cktkj esa dPps rsy dh dhersa c<+uk gS ogÈnwljk dkj.k isVªksfy;e mRiknksa ij yxk, tkus okys Åaps dj Hkh gSaAcqfu;knh <kaps dk fodkl Hkh èkhek iM+ pqdk gSA ns'k esa fuos'k dk ekgkSyHkh lgh ugÈ gSA jktdks"kh; ÄkVk yxkrkj c<+ jgk gS vkSj thMhih fodklnj bl o"kZ ÄVus ds vklkj utj vk jgs gSaA dqN u dj ikus ds dkj.kvkykspuk dk lkeuk dj jgh ljdkj us vpkud eYVh czkaM fjVsy esafons'kh iwath fuos'k dh vuqefr nsus dk cM+k QSlyk dj fy;kA ljdkj dsbl QSlys us foi{kh nyksa dks Hkh ,dtqV dj fn;k gSA laçx ds nks çeq[klg;ksxh ny r`.kewy dkaxzsl rFkk æeqd Hkh bl QSlys dk fojksèk dj jgsgSaA mŸkj çns'k ds foèkkulHkk pqukoksa dks ns[krs gq, lik vkSj clik ds iklHkh blds vykok vU; dksbZ fodYi ugÈ fd os ljdkj ds QSlys dsf[kykQ [kM+h gksaA bl elys ij laln esa la[;kcy fuf'pr :i ls ljdkjds lkFk ugÈ gSA lp rks ;g gS fd ljdkj vius gh pØO;wg esa Qal xbZgS vkSj mls cpko dk dksbZ jkLrk ugÈ lw> jgk gSA vxj og bl QSlysls ihNs gVrh gS vFkkZr~ fjVsy lsDVj esa fons'kh fuos'k dks vuqefr nsus dkQSlyk okil fy;k tkrk gS rks çèkkuea=h dh lk[k pyh tk,xhA vxjog bl elys ij ernku dh O;oLFkk okys LFkxu çLrko ds fy, jkthgksrh gS rks mldh gkj lqfuf'pr gSA ljdkj ernku esa ijkt; dk tksf[keugÈ mBk ldrh blfy, mldh iwjh ÅtkZ æeqd vkSj r`.kewy dkaxzsl dkseukus esa yxh gS rkfd os mls bl fLFkfr ls mckj ysaA NksVs [kqnjk O;kikjhcaxky dh vFkZO;oLFkk ds egRoiw.kZ ÄVd gSaA O;kikjh ijaijkxr :i lsekdik ds fojksèkh jgs gSaA vxj r`.kewy dkaxzsl ljdkj ds leFkZu esa [kM+hgksrh gS rks og O;kikfj;ksa dk er ekdik dks migkj esa ns nsxhA

laln foi{kh nyksa ds dkj.k Bi ugÈ iM+h gS] cfYd lp ;g gS fdljdkj [kqn gh dksbZ jkLrk ugÈ fudky ik jgh gSA vxj bl QSlys ijgksus okys ernku esa ljdkj dh gkj gksrh gS vFkok mls viuk QSlykokil ysuk iM+rk gS rks ljdkj dks okdbZ rdyhQ dk lkeuk djukiM+sxkA vkt laçx ljdkj ,d ,slh fLFkfr esa vk Qalh gS fd mls nksuksagh fLFkfr;ksa esa gkj utj vk jgh gSA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk pfj= ,slkgS fd eYVh czkaM esa fons'kh fuos'k fuf'pr gh vFkZO;oLFkk dks pksV

igqapk,xkA Hkkjr esa dsoy 18 çfr'kr Je laxfBr voLFkk esa gSA 30çfr'kr ;k rks csjkstxkj gSa ;k vkdfLed Jfed dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSa]tcfd 51 çfr'kr Lo&O;olk; esa gSaA Lo&jkstxkj dh Js.kh esa lcls cM+k;ksxnku Ñf"k dk gSA pkj djksM+ ls vfèkd Hkkjrh; fjVsy dkjksckj esa yxsgq, gSaA lkQ gS fd fjVsy dkjksckj vius ns'k esa jkstxkj nsus okys lclscM+s {ks=ksa esa ls gSA laxfBr varjjk"Vªh; O;kikj ekStwnk fjVsy lsDVj esa yxsyksxksa dh vkthfodk Nhu ysxkA ;g dM+oh lPpkbZ fodflr vFkZO;oLFkkvksaesa Hkh ns[kh tk jgh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vesfjdk ljh[kk fodflr ns'kHkh okyekVZ ljh[kh daifu;ksa dks vius fjVsy lsDVj esa mrjus dh vuqefrugÈ ns jgk gSA

fjVsy esa fons'kh fuos'k vkus dk ,d vU; cM+k çHkko mRiknu {ks= ijiM+sxkA gekjs eSU;qQSDpfjax {ks= esa vc rd lqèkkj ugÈ gks lds gSaA gekjhC;kt njsa cgqr Åaph gSa] cqfu;knh <kapk [kjkc gkyr esa gS] fctyh ljh[kht:jrsa egaxh gSa vkSj O;kikj dh lqfoèkk,a Hkh vLr&O;Lr gkyr esa gSaA tcrd ge bu {ks=ksa esa lqèkkjksa dh xkM+h vkxs ugÈ c<+krs gSa rc rd ge phuds leku de ykxr okyk mRiknu ugÈ dj ldrs gSaA miHkksäk os mRikn[kjhnsaxs tks lLrs gSaA ,sls esa varjjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds fy, vius mRiknksadh fcØh dh laHkkouk,a vPNh gksaxhA bldk vlj gekjs mRiknu {ks= ijiM+sxkA

;g rdZ Hkh okLrfod ugÈ çrhr gksrk gS fd fjVsy dkjksckj esa,QMhvkbZ vkus ls fcpkSfy;ksa dh Hkwfedk [kRe gks tk,xh vkSj [ksr ls LVksjrd mRiknksa ds igqapkus esa vkus okyh ykxr Hkh de gks tk,xh rFkk bldkQk;nk Hkh fdlkuksa dks feysxkA bl lanHkZ esa bldh vuns[kh ugÈ dh tkldrh gS fd xék fdlku vius mRikn [ksrksa ls phuh feyksa rd Lo;a ghigqapkrs gSa vkSj blesa fcpkSfy;ksa dh dksbZ Hkwfedk ugÈ gksrhA ;fn ljdkjleFkZu ewY; ds :i esa mUgsa muds mRiknksa ds fy, lqj{kk u ns rks cktkjdh 'kfä;ka muds 'kks"k.k esa ihNs ugÈ jgrÈA loky ;g Hkh gS fd ;fnljdkj dh nyhy lgh gS rks cM+s fjVsy psu okys ns'k vius fdlkuksa dkslfClMh D;ksa ns jgs gSa \ ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk vius fdlkuksa dks HkkjhlfClMh ns jgs gSaA D;ksa fjVsy psu vdsys gh mudk dY;k.k ugÈ dj ikjgs gSa \ fjVsy esa ,QMhvkbZ ds lanHkZ esa ;g tks mnkgj.k fn;k tk jgk gSfd phu dks blls ykHk gqvk gS og Hkh iwjh rjg lgh ugÈ gSA phu us fjVsy


esa ,QMhvkbZ dks vuqefr nsus ds igys [kqn dks lLrs eSU;qQSDpfjax* {ks= ds:i esa LFkkfir fd;kA bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd varjjk"Vªh; fjVsyjksa*ds fy, phuh mRiknksa dh fcØh djuk t:jh gks x;kA tc jktx dsaæ dhlŸkk esa Fkk rks gesa Hkh if'peh 'kfä;ksa dh bl ekax dk lkeuk djuk iM+kFkk fd fjVsy lsDVj dks fons'kh fuos'k ds fy, [kksyk tk,] ysfdu geusncko dk lkeuk fd;kA bl ij jk"Vªh; lgefr cuh fd vHkh blds fy,lgh le; ugÈ vk;k gSA ljdkj bl lgefr ds f[kykQ pyh xbZ gSAmfpr ;gh gS fd ljdkj vius dne ihNs [kÈpsA

¼ys[kd jkT;lHkk esa usrk izfri{k gSa½

[kqnjk O;kikj esa fons'khfuos'k % vrkfdZd nkos

&eqjyhèkj jko

[kqnjk cktkj esa fons'kh fuos'k dh vuqefr ds viuh ljdkj ds

QSlys ds i{k esa izèkkuea=h us jk"Vª ds uke lacksèku esa dbZ rdZ fn,A mUgksausbls oSèkrk iznku djus dh dksf'k'k dhA bl fo'ys"k.k esa bl elys dks lghrjhds ls ns[kus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ gSA izèkkuea=h us bl lacaèk esafuEufyf[kr rdZ fn, gSa &

1- laxfBr [kqnjk cktkj ds fodkl ls jkstxkj ds yk[kksa u, voljiSnk gksaxsA

2- cqfu;knh <kapk [kM+k gksus ls Ñf"k mRiknksa dh cckZnh desxhA

3- fdlkuksa dks muds mRiknksa dk mfpr ewY; feysxkA

4- miHkksDrkvksa dks Qk;nk gksxkA mUgsa phtsa lLrs nkeksa ij feysaxsvkSj varr% eagxkbZ ij yxke yxsxhA

izèkkuea=h us dgk fd ge ekurs gSa fd dqN jktuhfrd ny bl QSlysds f[kykQ gSaA blfy, jkT;ksa dks ;s QSlyk djus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;kgS fd oks vius jkT; ds [kqnjk O;kikj esa fons'kh fuos'k vkus nsuk pkgrs gSa;k ughaA ysfdu ,d jkT; nwljs jkT; dks blfy, ugha jksd ldrk fd oksvius fdlkuksa] ;qokvksa vkSj miHkksDrkvksa dks vPNh ftanxh nsA ljdkj ds


rdks± dh cf[k;k mèksM+us ds fy, vafre c;ku dks lcls igys ysrs gSaA ,slkyxrk gS fd bl c;ku ds tfj, mu jkT;ksa dks eukus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZgS] tks [kqnjk esa fons'kh fuos'k ds f[kykQ gSaA ;g lcdks irk gS fd dkaxzsl'kkflr dsjy us Hkh [kqys :i ls [kqnjk esa fons'kh iwath dk fojksèk fd;k gSA

nyhy nks"kiw.kZ gS D;ksafd jkT;ksa ds gkFk caèks gSa

ljdkj dk dguk gS fd mlus flQZ uhfr cukbZ gS vkSj bldk QSlykjkT;ksa dks djuk gS fd os vius {ks= esa cgqjk"Vªh; [kqnjk daifu;ksa dks O;kikjdjus dk ykblsal nsaxh ;k ughaA ;g ml ^us'kuy VªhVesaV** ds ,dne myVgS tks ljdkj us fuos'k djus okys ns'kksa dks fn, gSaA tqykbZ esa ljdkj usf}i{kh; bUosLVesaV izeks'ku ,.M izksVsD'ku ,xzheasV fd;k gSA blds tfj,fuos'kdksa ds fuos'k dks lqj{kk nh tkrh gSA ;s le>kSrs 82 ns'kksa ds lkFk gq,gSaA buesa ls 72 ns'kksa ds lkFk ;s le>kSrs ykxw gks x, gSaA ckdh cps le>kSrsykxw gksus dh izfØ;k esa gSA blls lacafèkr tkudkjh foÙk ea=ky; dhosclkbV ij gSA

^us'kuy VªhVesaV* ls tqM+k izkoèkku gS fd ljdkj ,slk ugha dj ldrhAokLro esa bldk eryc gS fd vxj uhyfxjh psUUkbZ esa] fcx cktkjdksydkrk esa ;k bZth Ms mÙkj izns'k esa viuk dk;Z{ks= cukrk gS rksrfeyukMq] if'pe caxky vkSj mÙkj izns'k dh ljdkj oky ekVZ ;k VsLdksdks LVksj [kksyus ls ugha jksd ldrsA vxj 'kkWi ,.M bLVsfCylesaV ,DVds rgr ykblsal nsus ls budkj fd;k tkrk gS rks bls dkuwuh :i lspqukSrh nh tk ldrh gSA ohvkbZih, le>kSrs ds rgr lHkh jkT;ksa lesr iwjkns'k bls ykxw djus ds fy, ckè; gSA varjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrksa ds ckjs esaizèkkuea=h ls vPNk dkSu tkurk gSA yxrk gS fd ljdkj [kqnjk esa fons'khfuos'k ykus dks ysdj tYnh esa Fkh vkSj blfy, bl rjg dh nks"kiw.kZ nyhysans jgh gSaA

ukSdjhjkstxkj % fjVsy esa ,QMhvkbZ ls jkstxkj ds volj [kRe gksaxs

izèkkuea=h dgrs gSa fd ^laxfBr [kqnjk ds fodkl ls jkstxkj ds yk[kksavolj iSnk gksaxsA izèkkuea=h] tks bl ljdkj ds ladV izcaèkd Fks] nyhyns jgs gSa fd bl izLrkfor uhfr ds vxys 3 lky esa 1 djksM+ jkstxkj ds

volj iSnk gksaxsA ljdkj dh nyhy gS fd [kqnjk {ks= esa Hkkjh fuos'k gksusls ,xzks] izkslsflax] lksfV±x] ekdsZfVax] ykWftfLVd eSustesaV vkSj izQaV&baMfjVsy esa jkstxkj ds volj iSnk gksaxsA ;g dksbZ u;k rdZ ugha gSA ;kstukvk;ksx ds mikè;{k eksaVsd flag vgywokfy;k yEcs le; ls bldh odkyrdj jgs gSaA ,uMh, 'kklu dky ds nkSjku os ;kstuk vk;ksx esa lnL; FksvkSj gj lky ,d djksM+ jkstxkj ds volj iSnk djus okys dk;Zlewg dsvè;{k ds ukrs mUgksaus ,QMhvkbZ dk leFkZu fd;k Fkk vkSj viuh fjiksVZesa fy[kk Fkk fd [kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZ ls yk[kksa yksxksa dks jkstxkj feysxkAml oDr rRdkyhu ljdkj us mudh fjiksVZ [kkfjt dj nhA ogha ,l ihxqIrk dh vxqokbZ esa ubZ lfefr cukbZ xbZA ,l ih xqIrk us gj lky ,ddjksM+ jkstxkj ds volj iSnk djus ds fy, dbZ jkLrs lq>k, ftuesa Jeizèkku rduhdksa dks c<+kok nsuk vkSj Lojkstxkj 'kkfey FkkA

dksbZ ugha le> jgk ljdkj dh nyhy

ljdkj ds ladV izcaèkd viuh ckrksa dks le>kus ds fy, ,M+h&pksVhdk tksj yxk jgs gSaA ysfdu dksbZ Hkh bl nyhy dks Lohdkj ugha dj jgkAljdkj ds rdZ cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds foKkiu ls mèkkj fy;k x;k gSAHkkjr esa izfr ,d gtkj O;fDr ij 11 nqdkusa gSaA nqfu;k esa ;s vuqikr lclsvfèkd gSA vkS|ksfxd uhfr vkSj laoèkZu cksMZ us tks isij rS;kj fd;k mlesa[kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZ dk ladsr nsrs gq, tkuk x;k fd ns'k esa 120 yk[kNksVh&cM+h nqdkusa gSaA blls 3-5 djksM+ yksxksa dks lhèks jkstxkj feyrk gSAblds vykok 1-5 djksM+ yksx Fkksd] VªkaliksVZ vkSj vU; xfrfofèk;ksa esa yxsgSaA ;g vge gS fd fd 95 izfr'kr NksVh nqdkuksa dks pykus okys viukLojkstxkj dj jgs gSaA

vUrjkZ"Vªh; vuqHko

vUrjkZ"Vªh; vuqHko crkrk gS fd NksVk [kqnjk O;kikj vesfjdk vkSj;wjksi esa [kRe gks x;k gSA NksVs nqdkunkjksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, jkT;ksavkSj dbZ ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa dbZ rjg dh ikcafn;ka yxkbZ xbZ gSaA nf{k.k&iwoZ,f'k;k ds Hkh dbZ ns'kksa us cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ij ,slh gh ikcafn;ka yxkbZgSaA [kqnjk dkjksckj esa cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds vkus dh 'kq#vkr 1960 esagqbZA bu daifu;ksa us fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa [kqnjk dkjksckj dscM+s fgLls ij viuk dCtk tek fy;kA vesfjdk dk 80 izfr'kr [kqnjk


dkjksckj bUgha daifu;ksa ds uke gSaA ,slh gh fLFkfr;ka baxyS.M vkSj if'pe;wjksi ds nwljs ns'kksa esa gSA ;gk¡ [kqnjk cktkj dk 50 izfr'kr fgLlk budsikl gSA czkthy vkSj vts±Vhuk esa Hkh 40 izfr'kr [kqnjk cktkj cgqjk"Vªh;daifu;ksa ds ikl gSaA ;gk¡ rd fd phu esa Hkh budh fgLlsnkjh c<+dj 20izfr'kr gks xbZ gSA 1960 rd bu daifu;ksa dk dgha ukeksfu'kku ugha Fkkysfdu blds ckn bUgksaus dbZ ns'kksa esa NksVs dkjksckfj;ksa ij vlj MkykAorZeku esa 20 cM+h fjVsy daifu;ka gSaA ;g Li"V gS fd laxfBr [kqnjkdkjksckfj;ksa us bl {ks= esa viuk jkstxkj dj jgs yksxksa dks ckgj èkdsyfn;k gSA ;gka rd fd vkbZlhvkjvkbZbZvkj us Hkh viuh fjiksVZ esa ekuk fd2 izfr'kr nqdkusa gj lky can gksaxs] vxj [kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZ dh vuqefrnh xbZ rksA

vUrjkZ"Vªh; vuqHko ls yxrk gS fd NksVh nqdkusa T;knk rst xfr lscan gksaxsA okWyekVZ tSlh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;k¡ 'kq#vkr esa cgqr lLrs esa viusmRikn csprh gSA fQygky ljdkj dg jgh gS fd ns'k ds 53 cM+s 'kgjksaesa gh ,slh nqdkusa [kqysaxhA blls bu 'kgjksa esa cM+s iSekus ij jkstxkj dsvolj fNu tk;saxs D;ksafd NksVh nqdkusa can gks tk;saxhA flQZ NksVh nqdkusacan gksus ls gh jkstxkj ugha tk,xkA ns'k ds fofuekZ.k vk;ksx dh j¶rkj?kVus ls Hkh ukSdfj;ka [kRe gksaxhA ;s daifu;ka ges'kk lLrs mRikn [kjhnusdh dksf'k'k djrh gSaA vesfjdk dk vuqHko crkrk gS fd okWyekVZ ds LVksjesa fcdus okys vfèkdrj mRikn phu ls vkrs gSaA ;g vke gS fd phu dsmRiknksa dk lcls cM+k [kjhnkj okWyekVZ gSA vkt vesfjdk dk ukeh twrkm|ksx iwjh rjg can gS D;ksafd ogka ds twrs [kqnjk daifu;ka ugha [kjhn jghgSaA vesfjdk esa ,d le; esa fofuekZ.k {ks= esa 195 yk[k yksx yxs FksA 2011esa ;s la[;k ?kVdj 118 jg xbZA eryc fiNys 32 lkyksa esa 77 yk[kjkstxkj ds volj ?kVs gSaA if'peh ;wjksi esa Hkh fLFkfr;ka T;knk vyx ughagSaA

vr% ;s iwjh rjg izekf.kr gS fd [kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZ vkus ls fons'kksads mRikn Hkkjh la[;k esa ns'k esa vk,axs vkSj fofuekZ.k {ks= esa cM+s iSekus ijcsjkstxkjh ns[kus dks feysxhA [kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZ dh uhfr dh ?kks"k.kkdjrs oDr ljdkj us vlQy :i ls yksxksa dks Hkzfer djus dh dksf'k'kdhA ;s dgk x;k fd [kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZ dks bl 'krZ ij vuqefr nh xbZgS fd 30 izfr'kr mRikn NksVs vkSj e>ksys m|ksxksa esa [kjhnus gksaxsA ckn

esa ljdkj us Li"V fd;k fd ;s fu;e ns'k ds Hkhrj dh NksVh daifu;ksa dsfy, ugha gSaA ;s 'krZ fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh le>kSrs ds mYkV Hkh gSAblfy, [kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZ vkus ls miHkksDrk lkeku cukus okyh cgqrlh NksVh bdkbZ;ka can gks tk,axhA fofuekZ.k ds vykok ifjogu vkSj Fkksd[kqnjk ij Hkh vlj iM+sxk vkSj ;gka Hkh jkstxkj ds volj [kRe gksaxsA

tks dEiuh ¼okWyekVZ½ Hkkjr esa vius LVksj [kksyuk pkgrh gS mldhlkykuk vk; 422 fcfy;u MkWyj gSA gkykafd og flQZ 21 yk[k yksxksadks jkstxkj nsrh gSA Hkkjr ls rqyukRed :i ls cgqr T;knk VuZvksoj okyh;s daiuh Hkkjr ds [kqnjk esa jkstxkj dk 5 izfr'kr ls Hkh de jkstxkj dsvolj ns jgh gSA jkstxkj ij ;s nkos QthZ gSaA okWy ekVZ vkSj VsLdks tksdgha ugha dj lds] oks ;gk¡ dSls djsaxsA loky mBrk gS fd okf.kT; ea=hdks ,d djksM+ jkstxkj okyk vkadM+k dgka ls feykA ;wih, ;s izpkfjr djjgh gS fd okWyekVZ tSlh dEifu;ka NksVs dkjksckfj;ksa vkSj fdlkuksa dhfgrS"kh gSaA oks xkjaVh ns jgh gS fd ;s daifu;ka ;gka yk[kksa yksxksa dks jkstxkjnsaxhA ysfdu vesfjdk esa lcwr blds myV gSA vVykaVhflVh ds eqrkfcdokWy ekVZ us f'kdkxks ds ikWi vkWfLVu esa 2006 esa nqdku [kksyhA 2008 rd82 nqdkusa can gks xbZ tcfd blds vkus ls igys ;gka 306 NksVh nqdkusaFkhaA n bdksukWfed fMosyiesaV DokVyhZ ds vè;;u ds eqrkfcd okWy ekVZds vklikl nqdkusa can gksus dh nj 35&60 izfr'kr gSA okWy ekVZ us viusLVksj ds gj 1ehy ij 20 izfr'kr [kqnjk nqdkuksa dks can djk fn;kA oghagkse QfuZf'kax esa ;s vkadM+k 15 izfr'kr gSA gkMZos;j esa ;g 18 izfr'kr rksf[kykSus dh nqdkuksa esa 25 izfr'krA vesfjdk esa gq, vè;;u ;wih, ds >wBls inkZ mBkrk gS fd blls NksVs nqdkunkjksa ij dksbZ [krjk ugha gSA oghajkstxkj ds volj ij ,d fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd okWyekVZ LFkkuh; Lrjij rhu ukSdfj;ksa dks [kRe dj nks iSnk djrk gSA

dsUnz esa ;qok&fojksèk

bl cgl esa ns'k ds ;qokvksa ls tqM+k eqn~nk nwj jgk gSA ns'k ds 30 djksM+yksx 16 ls 29 vk;q oxZ ds gSaA vkcknh dk ,d frgkbZ 12 lky ls vfèkdgSA yxHkx 10 djksM+ yksx 16 ls 19 vk;q oxZ ds gSaA eku fy;k tk, fdbuesa ls pkj esa flQZ ,d gh jkstxkj pkgsxk rks Hkh vxys ikap lky esa 2-5 djksM+ u, jkstxkj ds volj iSnk djus gksaxsA jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.klaxBu ds 2009&10 ds losZ ds eqrkfcd fiNys nks lky esa jkstxkj iSnk


djus ds fygkt ls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fjdkMZ cgqr [kjkc jgk gSA;g vfo'oluh; gS fd jkstxkj ds eq[; lzksr [kqnjk dkjksckj dks fons'khdaifu;ksa ds gokys fd;k tk jgk gSA

vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk dk fodkl vkSj [kk| lqj{kk dk feFkd

bl QSlys ds ihNs ljdkj dk rdZ gS fd blls xkaoksa esa vkèkkjHkwrlajpuk dk fodkl gksxk] [kkldj xksnke vkSj dksYM LVksjstA ljdkj dhnyhy gS fd LVksjst lqfoèkk ugha gksus ls Ñf"k mRiknksa dk cM+k fgLlk cckZngks tkrk gSA ;g dgk tkrk gS fd dksYM LVksjst esa de fuos'k ls 50izfr'kr lfCt;ka cckZn gks tkrh gSaA bldk ,dek= gy fjVsy esa ,QMhvkbZgSA ljdkj rdZ nsrh gS fd ;s cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka xksnke vkSj dksYMLVksjst ij Hkkjh fuos'k djsaxhA ljdkj ;g Hkh dg jgh gS fd bu daifu;ksadks viuk vkèkk fuos'k cqfu;knh lajpukvksa ij djuk gksxkA vxj geokLrfodrk ls ns[ksa rks ljdkj us ,d n'kd igys gh xksnke vkSj dksYMLVksjst esa ,QMhvkbZ dh vuqefr ns nh FkhA gkykafd bl {ks= esa ,QMhvkbZdks vkdf"kZr ugha fd;k tk ldkA

blesa nks jk; ugha fd fdlkuksa ds fgr ds fy, LVksjst lqfoèkk t:jhgSA ;g Hkh lgh gS fd ;s lqfoèkk ugha gksus ls Ñf"k mRikn cckZn gksrs gSaAgkykafd cqfu;knh loky ;s gS fd LVksjst lqfoèkk ds fy, fdl ijftEesnkjh gS\ ge le>rs gSa fd ns'k dh 60 izfr'kr vkcknh izR;{k ;kijks{k :i ls Ñf"k ls tqM+h gSA LVksjst Ñf"k dh cM+h t:jr gSA vktknhds 64 lky ckn Hkh ljdkj vc rd ;s lqfoèkk,a ugha ns ikbZ gSaA

,QMhvkbZ ij QSlyk ysus dh izfØ;k esa ljdkj ds vkS|ksfxd uhfrvkSj laoèkZu cksMZ us vius c;ku esa 10oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds eè;kofèkvkdyu dk gokyk fn;kA blesa [kqnjk esa ,QMhvkbZ dks t:jh crkrs gq,dgk x;k gS fd blls ?kjsyw vkiwfrZ 'ka[kyk etcwr gksxhA blesa dgk x;kfd ,QMhvkbZ ls ?kjsyw vkiwfrdrkZvksa dks varjkZ"Vªh; daifu;ksa rd igqapgksxhA

vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ljdkj dh ftEesnkjh

;g nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gS fd [kqnjk {ks= esa cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds vkus dksljdkj Ñf"k mRiknksa ds fy, LVksjst lqfoèkk dh deh ls tksM+rh gSA D;k;s ljdkj dh ftEesnkjh ugha gS fd oks ;s lqfoèkk ns ;k fQj futh {ks= dks

lfClMh nsdj bl dke ds fy, jkth djsA fiNys 65 lky esa ljdkj cqjhrjg bl {ks= esa foQy jgh gSA ljdkj dks ;s vfèkdkj ugha gS fd oks NksVsnqdkunkjksa dks bldh ltk nsA ljdkj us vius i{k esa dgk gS fd bldsfy, 7]687 djksM+ ds fuos'k dh t:jr gS] blfy, fons'kh fuos'k pkfg,rkfd cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka vkèkkjHkwr <kapk [kM+k dj ldsA ;g nyhy xyrgSA bl ns'k esa tgka dk lkykuk ctV 12 yk[k djksM+ #i, ls vfèkd gS]ogka 7]687 djksM+ ds NksVs ls fuos'k ds fy, ge NksVs nqdkunkjksa dks lwyhij ugha p<+k ldrsA ogha ;s daifu;ka flQZ viuh vkiwfrZ 'ka[kyk etcwrdjus ds fy, gh ;s lqfoèkk,a [kM+h djsaxhA ge ;s vk'kk ugha dj ldrs fdbu daifu;ksa ds dksYM LVksjst esa xjhc fdlku dk vkyw jgsxk vkSj mlseqlhcrksa ls cpk;k tk ldsxkA

okLro esa cM+h [kqnjk daifu;ka [kk| inkFkks± dh cckZnh djrh gS &

vxj ge lksprs gSa fd ;s daifu;ka [kk| inkFkks± dh cckZnh jksdrh gSrks ge xyr gSaA oSf'od vkadM+s crkrs gSa fd vesfjdk vkSj ;wjksih; ns'kvkSj nwljs fodflr ns'k bl ekeys esa Hkkjr vkSj nwljs ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa esadkQh vkxs gSA varjkZ"Vªh; vkadM+ksa ds eqrkfcd ;wjksi esa izfr O;fDr 280fdyks] mÙkj vesfjdk esa 295 fdyks tcfd nf{k.k vkSj nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;kesa flQZ 125 fdyks [kkus dh cckZnh gksrh gSA ;g flQZ la;ksx ugha gS fdtgka [kk| cckZnh vfèkd gS] ogha cgqjk"Vªh; laxfBr [kqnjk O;kikj T;knkgSA bl nqfoèkk dk tokc la;qDr jk"Vª dk [kk| vkSj Ñf"k laxBu nsrk gSA,Q,vks ds eqrkfcd [kk| cckZnh dh lcls cM+h otg ;s gS fd ;s daifu;kaxq.koRrk dks ysdj cM+s ekud ykxw djrh gS vkSj Ñf"k mRikn ds ,d cM+sfgLls dks [kkfjt dj nsrh gSA tks mRikn dk ,d cM+k fgLlk dHkh [ksrksals vkxs ugha tk ikrkA [kkfjt fd, x, mRikn tkuojksa ds Hkkstu esa dkevkrs gSa ysfdu blesa tks euq"; ds mi;ksx ds fy, Fkk] mldh ek=k ?kVtkrh gSA

,Q,vks ds eqrkfcd cM+h ek=k esa mRiknksa dks j[kus ls vkS|ksfxd ns'kksaesa [kk| cckZnh T;knk gSA fjVsy LVksj esa ,d mRikn ds dbZ izdkj gksrs gSaAmiHkksDrk Hkh pkgrk gS fd gj oSjk;Vh ekStwn jgsA blls ;s vk'kadk jgrhgS fd dksbZ mRikn dh le; lhek fcdus ls igys gh [kRe gks tk, vkSjog cckZn gks tk,A [kjhnnkjh ds le; xzkgd pkgrs gSa fd njkt iwjh rjgHkjs jgasA ;g fcØh vkadM+kas os fy, Bhd gS] ysfdu yxkrkj vkiwfrZ gksus ls


miHkksDrk dh utj le; lhek ij ugha tk ikrh gSA ,e-,-vks ds eqrkfcdfdlkukas }kjk vius mRikn lhèks miHkksDrkvkas dks ;k nqdkukas eas cspuk [kk|cckZnh dks jksdus dk vge vkStkj gks ldrk gSA blfy, cgqjk"Vªh;daifu;kas dks cM+s xksnke vkSj dksYM LVksjst cukuk u rks fdlkukas vkSj ughayksxkas ds Qk;ns eas gSA fdlkukas dks dM+s xq.koÙkk ekudkas dh otg ls viusmRikn ls gkFk èkksuk iM+sxkA Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa lCth dh NksVh nqdkusa [kk|lqj{kk eas cM+s ennxkj gSaA bl fygkt ls xksnke vkSj dksYM LVksjst cukukvge gS] ysfdu budk fuekZ.k ljdkj xkaokas ds ikl djs vkSj 'kk;n fdlhfuth daifu;kas dh enn ysA esxk LVksj ;k cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka [kk| cckZnhdk tokc ugha gks ldrsA vxj ,Q-lh-vkbZ viuh ftEesnkjh ugha fuHkkrkgS rks bldk eryc ;s ugha gS fd ge okWyekVZ ds vkxs gfFk;kj Mky nasAgeas [kqn cqfu;knh lajpuk [kM+h dj vius yksxkas ds fy, [kk| lqj{kk djuhgksxhA izHkkfor [kk| lqj{kk dkuwu ds fygkt ls ;s cgqr t:jh Hkh gSA

[kqnjk eas ,Q-Mh-vkbZ fdlku fojksèkh

ljdkj us fdlkukas dks lkeus j[kdj bl cgl dks [kRe djus dhdksf'k'k dhA ljdkj dk rdZ gS ;s uhfr fdlku vkSj [ksrh&ckM+h nksukas dsfy, Qk;nsean gSaA ljdkj dh ;s nyhy cgqjk"Vªh; [kqnjk daifu;kasokWyekVZ ds foKkiu eas Hkh gSA vesfjdh ljdkj ds vfèkdkjh vkSj nwljs fgrlewg Hkh ;gh rdZ nsrs gSA ;g lkQ gS fd ftudk fgr bl uhfr eas gS] osbldh nyhy nsaxsA

;g nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gS fd jk"Vªh; fgrkas dh j{kk djus dh ftEesnkjh ftlljdkj ij gS oks Hkh bl rdZ dks eku jgh gSA daiuh okyekVZ dk foKkiudgrk gS fd oks fdlkukas dks 7 ls 10 izfr'kr T;knk dheras nsaxsA

mudk nkok gS fd fdlkukas dks Qly izcaèku ij fo'ks"kKkas dh lykgnh tk;sxhA daiuh ls feyus okys leFkZu dh otg ls cM+s xq.koÙkk okysmRikn mitk ldsaxs vkSj mudh vk; c<+sxhA vesfjdh ljdkj ds vfèkdkjhHkh ;gh rdZ ns jgs gSaA mudk nkok gS fd laaxfBr [kqnjk O;kikj eas u flQZxzkgdkas cfYd fdlkukas dk Hkh Qk;nk gksxkA

mèkkj dh nyhykas dks lp ds vkbus eas ns[kus dh t:jr gSA vxj gevesfjdk dh utj ls ns[kas rks] ogk¡ cM+s fdlku gksrs gSaA [ksrh&ckM+h cM+siSekus ij gksrh gS vkSj ;g ,d rjg ls [ksrh dk vkS|ksxhdj.k gSA nwljh

rjQ] [kqnjk O;kikj T;knk ls T;knk cM+h daifu;kas ds gkFk eas tk jgk gSAlks ljdkj vkSj bu daifu;kas dh nyhykas ds eqrkfcd fdlkukas dks viusmRikn dk csgrj ewY; feysxkA gkykafd vuqHko nwljh dgkuh dgrk gSAvesfjdk eas dqy [kk| [kpZ o"kZ 2000 eas 833 fcfy;u MkWyj ls c<+dj2009 eas 1200 fcfy;u MkWyj gks x;kA nwljh rjQ blh nkSjku d`f"kmRiknkas ls udn vk; 197-6 fcfy;u MkWyj ls c<+dj 282-2 fcfy;uMkWyj gks xbZA blls Li"V gS fd bu lkyksa eas cM+h daifu;kas us flQZfdlkukas dks pwlk gSA vesfjdk ds d`f"k ea=ky; ds eqrkfcd 2000 ls 2009ds chp rkth lfCt;kas dh dherkas eas 25 ls 28 izfr'kr dk mrkj p<+kons[kk x;kA rkts Qy ds ekeys eas ;s vkadM+k 25 ;s 30 izfr'kr FkkA blrjg ;s dguk fd fdlkukas dks vPNh dher feysxh] ,d rjg dh lkft'kgSA blfy, bl ij ckjhdh ls utj Mkyus dh t:jr gSA

okyekVZ ns'k dh vxyh Qly dks ok;nk cktkj eas igys ls r; dherij [kjhn ysrk gSA ;g phu eas lLrs mRikn vk;kr djrk gS vkSj ?kjsywmRiknu dks [kRe dj nsrk gSA igys ekeys dks ns[kas rks vesfjdk vkSjnqfu;k ds cktkjkas eas 2007 dh rqyuk eas vizSy 2008 eas pkoy dh dhersafrxquh gks xbZA bl rjg rRdkyhu vesfjdh jk"Vªifr tkWtZ cw'k us ;sgkL;kLin nyhy nh fd le`) Hkkjrh;kas ds T;knk [kkus esa dheras c<+h gSAysfdu lPpkbZ D;k gS ;w-,l-,- VwMs ¼23 vizSy] 2008½ vkSj lh,u,u ¼24vizSy 2008½ us dsyhQksfuZ;k pkoy vk;ksx vkSj vesfjdk pkoy QsMjs'kuds gokys ls pkoy dh deh ls budkj fd;k vkSj Hkjiwj LVkWd dh ckrdghA rks fQj nke D;kas c<+s\ lh-,u-,u ds eqrkfcd okyekVZ ds FkksdfoHkkx lSEl Dyc us pkoy dh tek[kksjh dj yh vkSj nke c<+k fn,Avesfjdk ds fdlkukas us lV~Vscktkas vkSj okyekVZ dkjksckj ij bldk nks"ke<+kA fdlku ok;nk cktkj eas viuk mRikn csprs gSa u fd budk O;kikjdjrs gSaA ok;nk cktkj eas vius mRikn cspus okys fdlkukas dks bleas ?kkVkgqvk vkSj okyekVZ dks Qk;nkA tc dqN fdlkukas us vius mRikn cspuspkgs rks okyekVZ us [kjhnus ls euk dj fn;kA vxj okyekVZ ls vesfjdkds fdlkukas dks vPNs nke feyrs gSa rks D;kas ogka dh ljdkj gj lky 20fcfy;u MkWyj dh d`f"k lfClMh nsrh gS] tcfd ogka fdlkukas dh la[;kvkcknh dk 2 izfr'kr gSA ogha ;wjksih; ;wfu;u eas 5 izfr'kr d`"kd vkcknhgS tks 74-5 fefy;u MkWyj dh lkykuk lfClMh nsrk gSA

ftu ns'kksa eas cgqjk"Vªh; [kqnjk daifu;ka gS] ogka dh rqyuk Hkkjr lsdjus ij jkspd rF; lkeus vkrs gSaA 1910 eas vesfjdk }kjk [kk| inkFkks±ij [kpZ jde dk 40 izfr'kr fdlkuksa dks vkrk FkkA vkt ;g vkSlr 25izfr'kr ls de gSaA vesfjdk eas nwèk ds ekeys esas 45 izfr'kr] vaMk 41izfr'kr] ehV mRikn 32 izfr'kr [kqnjk dher fdlkukas rd igqaprh gSAHkkjr eas fQygky vewy nwèk ds 34 #i, eas ls fdlkukas dks 26 #i, ;k76-5 izfr'kr feyrk gSA phu eas 35 eas ls 22 #i, fdlkukas ds ikl tkrsgaSA gkykafd lfCt;kas ds ekeys eas ,slk ugha gSA bldh otg vkèkkjHkwr<kapk gSaA fQj Hkh] vesfjdh ekWMy dh txg Hkkjrh; ekWMy fdlkukas dsfy, T;knk Qk;nsean gSA

ljdkj dh nyhy gS fd ,Q-Mh-vkbZ ls fcpkSfy;s [kRe gks tk;saxs vkSjmiHkksDrkvkas dks Qk;nk gksxkA O;kogkfjd :i ls ;s lgh ugha gSAvarjkZ"Vªh; vuqHkokas ls irk pyrk gS fd vfèkdre [kk| inkFkks± dh fcØhij fu;a=.k j[kus okyh cM+h daifu;ka cgqr de gSaA bu daifu;kas ds ikloqQN gn rd ,dkfèkdkj gSA if'peh ;wjksi eas 3-2 fefy;u fdlku gS tks160 fefy;u miHkksDrkvkas dks mRikn csprs gSaA ysfdu mu daifu;kas dhla[;k cgqr de gS tks lhèks fdlkukas ls [kjhn djrh gSA fczVsu eas 4daifu;kas dk nks&frgkbZ [kk| O;kikj ij fu;a=.k gSA ;gh fLFkfr vesfjdkeas gS] ;gka 5 daifu;kas ds ikl 60 izfr'kr fgLlsnkjh gSA Hkkjr eas Hkh geusns[kk gS fd cM+h daifu;ka [kjhnkjh djrh gS] ysfdu ,d fdyks vkVs dhdher fQj Hkh 20&25 #i, vkrk gS tcfd fdlkukas dks 11&13 #i,sfeyrs gSaA 10 lky igys fLFkfr vyx Fkh rc Fkksd vkSj [kqnjk ewY; eas20 izfr'kr ls T;knk dk varj ugha FkkA

ljdkj dk ;g nkok iwjh rjg Hkzked gS fd cM+h [kqnjk daifu;kaxksnkekas vkSj dksYM LVksjst dk fuekZ.k djsxhA xksnkeksa vkSj dksYM LVksjsteas ,Q-Mh-vkbZ dh vuqefr ,d n'kd igys gh ns nh xbZ FkhA ysfdu fons'khfuos'k ugha vk;kA blfy, tks Hkh vkèkkjHkwr <kapk [kM+k gksxk] oks fdlkukasds 'kks"k.k ds fy, gksxk u fd muds Qk;ns ds fy,A osaQnz vkSj jkT;kas easvkèkkjHkwr <kaps dk fuekZ.k ljdkj dh ftEesnkjh gSA ljdkj vktknh ds6 n'kd ckn Hkh ;s lqfoèkk eqgS ;k ugha djk ikbZ gSA vc ljdkj viuhukdkeh dks fNikus ds fy, [kqnjk eas ,Q-Mh-vkbZ dk f<a<ksjk ihV jgh gSAljdkj ds vkadyu ds eqrkfcd xzkeh.k bykdkas eas vkèkkjHkwr <kaps ds fy,

7]687 djksM+ #i, dh t:jr gSA ;g dksbZ bruh cM+h jde ugha gS]ftlds fy, ,Q-Mh-vkbZ yk;k tk,A oks Hkh djksM+ksa NksVs dkjksckfj;kas dsisV ij ykr ekjdjA varjkZ"Vªh; vuqHko crkrs gSa fd cM+h daifu;kas dsxq.koÙkk ekud dh otg ls fdlkukas dks Hkkjh ?kkVk gksrk gSA ,e,vks dhfjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd lqij ekosZQV dh xq.koÙkk ekudkas vkSj ekos±QfVax uhfrls fdlkukas dks ?kkVk gks jgk gSA eYVhus'kuy fjVsy daifu;kas }kjk vkiwfrZ'ka[kyk izcaèku ds rgr cuk, tkus okys xksnkekas vkSj dksYM LVksjst easfdlkukas dks dksbZ Qk;nk ugha gksxkA ,slk blfy, gS fd D;kasfd fdlkukasdks vius mRikn ;k rks Qsaduk gksxk ;k fQj tkuojkas dks f[kykuk gksxkAogha NksVs nqdkunkjkas ds ekeys eas ;s mRikn xzkgdkas rd igqaprs vkSj fdlkuksadks bldk Qk;nk feyrkA ;g ,slk uqdlku gS tks Hkkjr tSlk ns'k ughamBk ldrk D;kasfd vfèkdka'k vkcknh Hkq[kejh vkSj oqQiks"k.k dk f'kdkjgSA

cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;kas }kjk dherksa ij fu;a=.k dh FkksFkh nyhyas

bl uhfr ds i{k eas ljdkj dk cM+k rdZ ;s gS fd blls egaxkbZ ijyxke yxsxhA blfy, egaxkbZ ls fil jgh vke turk bl uhfr dkLokxr djsxhA ysfdu lHkh xSj dkaxzslh jktuhfrd ny pkgs oks ljdkjeas gks ;k foi{k eas] lkekftd laxBu] Jfed] fdlku laxBu vkfn bldkfojksèk dj jgs gSaA

ljdkj dk nkok

ljdkj dh nyhy gS fd bl uhfr ls forj.k dh ykxr de gksxhAljdkj dk nkok gS fd ;s daifu;ka lhèks fdlkukas ds mRikn [kjhnsaxh vkSjbl rjg fcpkSfy;kas dh iajijk [kRe gks tk;sxhA blls [kjhn dh deykxr dk Qk;nk miHkksDrkvkas dks feysxk vkSj egaxkbZ ij yxke yxsxhAljdkj dk nkok gS fd ;s daifu;ka vkèkqfud rduhd dk bLrseky djasxhAblls miHkksDrkvkas ls yh tkus okyh dher de gksxhA ljdkj dk rks ;sHkh nkok gS fd ;s vius izHkkoh ra= dk Qk;nk NksVs nqdkunkjkas dks Hkh nasxsA

ljdkj ds nkos fcuk fdlh vè;;u ds

ljdkj nkos dj jgh gS] ysfdu mlds ikl bldk vkèkkj ugha gSA ;gk¡rd fd vkbZ-lh-vkj-vkbZ-bZ-vkj dh fjiksVZ Hkh bl uhfr dks bl vkèkkj ijlgh Bgjkus eas foQy jgh gSA jkspd rF; gS fd varj ea=ky;h lewg ds


vxqvk vkSj ljdkj ds rRdkyhu eq[; vkfFkZd lykgdkj dkSf'kd clq usHkh [kqnjk eas ,QMhvkbZ dk bl vkèkkj ij leFkZu fd;k gS fd bllsegaxkbZ ij yxke yxsxhA mUgkasus dgk fd ljdkj dks bl ckjs eas tYnQSlyk djuk gksxk D;kasfd Hkkjr dk [kqnjk cktkj vc Hkh uotkr voLFkkeas gS vkSj fdlkukas ls miHkksDrkvkas rd dh tks Üka[kyk gS] mleas cckZnh cgqrvfèkd gSA mudh nyhy Fkh fd iqjkuh rduhd vkSj izcaèkdh; rjhdkas dhotg ls ,d txg ls nwljh txg mRikn dks ys tkus eas dhersa c<+rh gSaAvkbZ,eth dk dguk Fkk fd bl {ks= eas lqèkkj dj egaxkbZ jksdh tk ldrhgSA gkykafd mlus vius lq>ko ds leFkZu eas dksbZ vkèkkj ugha fn;kA ogha,Q,vks us blls mYVs vkadM+s fn, gSA mudk dguk gS fd cgqjk"Vªh;daifu;kas dh otg ls njvly [kkn~; oLrqvkas dk uqdlku gks jgk gSA vxjge ljdkj vkSj mlds vfèkdkfj;kas ds nkokas dks ckjhds ls ns[kas rks ;s mudsvius vè;;u ij Hkh vkèkkfjr ugha gSA ;s rdZ njvly okWyekVZ] VsLdksvkSj ds dsjhQksj tSlh daifu;kas ls mèkkj fy, x, gSaA

cM+h daifu;kas dks cM+k Qk;nk

cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds myV Hkkjr eas Fkksd vkSj [kqnjk ds chp dkQk;nk cgqr de gSA T;knk equkQk dekuk bu daiuh dh uhfr;kas eas'kkfey gSA NksVs Hkkjrh; [kqnjk dkjksckfj;kas vkSj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;kas dsQk;ns ij ;g rqyukRed vè;;u jkspd rLohj is'k djrk gS fd forjdvkSj Fkksd fooszQrk ds chp ekftZu 4 ls 8 izfr'kr gSA ogha [kqnjk O;kikjeas 8 ls 14 izfr'krA bl ekftZu dks mRiknu ykxr eas tksM+k tkrk gSA blrjg Hkkjr esa forj.k 'ka[kyk dh ykxr 12 ls 22 izfr'kr gSA vxj gecM+h daifu;kas dh ckr djas rks mudh ekftZu djhc 40 izfr'kr gSA diM+kdkjksckj dks yas rks Hkkjrh; Fkksd vkSj [kqnjk dkjksckfj;kas ds chp 35 ls 40izfr'kr dk ekftZu gSA ogha cM+h daifu;kas dk vuqHko crkrk gSa fd os fcØhdher ykxr ds 2 ls 4-5 xq.kk vfèkd j[krs gSaA bl rjg mudh ekftZuHkkjrh; dkjksckfj;kas ls 5 ls 9 xq.kk vfèkd gSA nokb;kas ds ekeykas eas [kqnjkO;kikfj;kas dk 20 izfr'kr rd dh ekftZu gSA Fkksd eas 10 izfr'kr vkSjmlls igys 4 izfr'kr rdA

cM+h daifu;kas tSls fczVsu dh cwV~l vkSj vesfjdk okWy xzhUl ykxr ls2 ls 3 xquk vfèkd equkQk dekrs gSaA bl rjg mudh ekftZu Hkkjrh;

dkjksckfj;kas ls 2 xq.kk vfèkd gSA ogha jlksbZ ls tqM+s lkeku eas Hkkjrh;[kqnjk O;kikjh flQZ 30 izfr'kr rd equkQk dekrs gSa] ogha okWyekVZ tSlhdaifu;ka ykxr eas 200 Qhlnh rd equkQk dekrs gSA bl rjg bl ekeyseas cM+h daifu;ka Hkkjrh;kas ds eqdkcys 5 xquk vfèkd equkQk dek jgh gSAvxj ge ekftZu dh ckr djas rks cM+h daifu;kas dh dher ges'kk Hkkjrh;NksVs O;kikfj;kas ls T;knk gksrh gSA bldh otg gS fd mudk bu ij,dkfèkdkj gSA D;kasfd ,slh daifu;kas dh la[;k fdlh Hkh ns'k eas 5 lsT;knk ugha gksrhA

blls irk pyrk gS fd NksVs [kqnjk dkjksckj dh txg fjVsy dhizfØ;k eas T;knk ykxr vkrh gSA ,slk gksrk gS fd os vius ,dkfèkdkj dkQk;nk mBkdj de dher eas fdlkukas vkSj mRikndkas ls mRikn [kjhn ysasAysfdu os bls cgqr fnukas rd lLrs eas ugha csp ldsaxs D;kasfd mUgas viusLVksj] xksnkekas vkSj dksYM LVksjst dh ykxr fudkyuh gksrh gSA

'ks[kj Lokeh ds 'kCnkas eas ^;s cM+h daifu;ka xkts&ckts ds lkFk viusLVksj [kksyrh gSa vkSj 'kq#vkr eas de dher ij vius mRikn csprh gSa vkSjrc rd csprh gSa] tc rd NksVs O;kikjh [kRe ugha gks tkrsA 'kq#vkr eas;s daifu;ka ;gh j.kuhfr viukrh gSA ge tkurs gSa fd gj cM+h daiuh dkvius fu;a=.k ds {ks= ds ekosZQV eas ,d cM+k fgLlk gksrk gSA blls mudhfoÙkh; fLFkfr etcwr gksrh gSA ge lksp Hkh ugha ldrs fd NksVs dkjksckjh,d eghus ds fy, Hkh ?kkVk mBk ldrk gSA ysfdu ge ns[krs gSa fdcgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka bu NksVs dkjksckfj;kas dks vius jkLrs esa ls gVkus dsfy, djksM+kas #i, [kpZ djrh gS] D;ksafd mudh utjsa 22 yk[k djksM+ #i,ds Hkkjrh; [kqnjk cktkj ij gSA**

¼ys[kd Hkktik ds jk"Vªh; lfpo gSa½


vkfFkZd lqèkkj ;k caVkèkkj

&,l- xq#ewfrZ&,l- xq#ewfrZ&,l- xq#ewfrZ&,l- xq#ewfrZ&,l- xq#ewfrZ

rkjh[k] 14 flracj 2012] fnu 'kqØokj] Hkkjr esa tgka çèkkuea=h

eueksgu flag us vejhdh dEiuh o‚yekVZ ds fy, jsM dkisZV fcNk;k] rksvius gh ns'k ds lcls cM+s 'kgj U;w;‚dZ esa bls ckgj dk jkLrk fn[kk fn;kx;kA 'kqØokj ds fnu gh ;wih, ljdkj us ,QMhvkbZ ds fy, o‚yekVZls gkFk feyk;k vkSj y‚fcLVksa us ;g lqfuf'pr djus dk ç;kl fd;k fdNksVs O;olk;h lqjf{kr gSaA ,d fons'kh ekeyksa dh cgqpfpZr if=dk ds osciksVZy us ân; fonkjd gsfMax yxkbZ] ekSr dk vkuan & dSls o‚yekVZ NksVsO;olkf;;ksa dks foLFkkfir dj jgk gS*A dqN lIrkg igys y‚l ,aftYldh lM+dksa ij 10 gtkj yksx] tks Hkkjr esa yk[kksa yksxksa ds cjkcj gSa] fpYykjgs Fks fd o‚yekVZ dk eryc gS] xjhchA ,d twu dks lSdM+ksa yksxksa uso‚f'kaxVu esa o‚yekVZ ds f[kykQ çn'kZu fd;kA

o‚yekVZ dks uk dgus okyk vkanksyu iwjs vejhdk esa tksjksa ij gS]ysfdu loky gS fd ge o‚yekVZ ij gh è;ku D;ksa dsafær djsa\ o‚yekVZfo'o dh lokZfèkd 'kfä'kkyh [kqnjk O;kikj dEiuh gSA blus ;wih,ljdkj dks fjVsy esa ,QMhvkbZ ds i{k esa djus ds fy, vR;fèkd èku [kpZfd;k gSA gkykafd] tc y‚fcLV ;gka o‚yekVZ ds vkus dk mRlo euk jgsgSa] rks ;g ml vejhdk esa csdkj gks x;k gS] tgka ls bldh mRifÙk gqbZFkh] ysfdu vejhdk esa o‚yekVZ dks ?k`.kk dh n`f"V ls D;ksa ns[kk tk jgk

gS\ U;w;‚dZ ds O;kikfjd laxBu vkSj LFkkuh; leqnk; dg jgs gSa fdo‚yekVZ LFkkuh; O;kikj dks pkSiV dj nsxkA

y‚l ,aftYl esa çn'kZu djus okys çn'kZudkfj;ksa dk Hkh dguk Fkk fdNksVs [kqnjk O;kikj can gks tk,axs vkSj oks ph[k&ph[k dj dgrs gSa fdo‚yekVZ ds ikl u rks fny gS vkSj u gh mlesa dksbZ uSfrdrk gS] ysfduvejhdh jktuhfrK Hkh ;wih, ljdkj dh rjg O;ogkj dj jgs gSaA fiNysekpZ esa y‚l ,aftYl flVh dkmafly us cM+s [kqnjk miØeksa dh LFkkiuk ijjksd yxk nh Fkh] ysfdu o‚yekVZ dks Hkou cukus dk vkns'k ,d fnu igystkjh dj fn;k x;kA y‚l ,aftYl VkbEl v[kckj us Hkh o‚yekVZ dsf[kykQ fy[kkA

vHkh Hkh ;wih, ljdkj dg jgh gS fd o‚yekVZ vkSj bldh çfr}a}hdaifu;ka NksVs [kqnjk O;kikfj;ksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds lkFk lºon;rk cjrsaxhAljdkj ;g xkjaVh nsrh gS fd o‚yekVZ ;gka yk[kksa ukSdfj;ka yk,xkAysfdu vejhdh lk{; blls myVh gdhdr c;ku djrs gSaA vVykafVdflVh ds eqrkfcd o‚yekVZ us f'kdkxks ds v‚fLVu uscjgqM esa o"kZ 2006 esaços'k fd;k vkSj o"kZ 2008 rd 306 NksVh nqdkuksa esa ls 80 nqdkusa can gksxbZA ukSdfj;ksa ds l`tu ds ekeys esa ,d gkfy;k fjiksVZ ¼tuojh 2010½dk 'kh"kZd gS] o‚yekVZ dk vkfFkZd QqVfçaV*] ftls U;w;‚dZflVh ds ifCyd,MoksdsV ds fy, rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA

bl fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd o‚yekVZ dh nks ukSdfj;ka iSnk gksus ls rhuLFkkuh; ukSdfj;ka [kRe gks tkrh gSaA blfy, ukSdfj;ksa ds l`tu dk rdZcscqfu;kn gSA rhljk rdZ fd fdlkuksa dks vPNh dhersa feysaxhA ;g ,ddqfVy pky gS] blfy, bls cgqr è;ku ls ns[kus dh t:jr gSA ;g mlegRoiw.kZ rF; dks fNik jgk gS fd o‚yekVZ dkmaVj ij u rks dqN [kjhnrkgS vkSj u gh ogka ij Hkqxrku djrk gSA

;g ns'k esa Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh vxyh Qly dks cktkj ls [kjhnrkgS vkSj ogka ls iwoZ fuèkkZfjr dherksa ij lkeku [kjhnrk gSA ;g phu ls lLrslkekuksa dk vk;kr djrk gS vkSj LFkkuh; mRiknksa dks u"V dj nsrk gS] tSlkfd blus vejhdk esa fd;k gSA vejhdk vkSj fo'o ds gkfy;k vuqHko lsigyk mnkgj.k ysrs gSaA tuojh 2007 dh rqyuk esa vçsy 2008 esa pkoydh dhersa vejhdk lfgr iwjs fo'o esa rhu xquh T;knk gks xbZA ml le;


ds rRdkyhu vejhdh jk"Vªifr t‚tZ cq'k us ,d gkL;kLin c;ku fn;k Fkkfd dherksa esa o`f) blfy, gqbZ gS] D;ksafd Hkkjr dk uoèkuk<î oxZ T;knk[kkuk [kkrk gSA ysfdu lp D;k Fkk\ ;w,l, VqMs ¼23-04-08½ vkSj lh,u,u¼24-04-08½ ds eqrkfcd dSfyQ‚fuZ;k pkoy vk;ksx vkSj ;w,l pkoy la?kus pkoy dh deh gksus ls badkj fd;k vkSj dgk fd pkoy dk i;kZIrLV‚d ekStwn FkkA rks fQj pkoy ds nke D;ksa c<+ jgs Fks\ lh,u,u dseqrkfcd lSEl Dyc ¼o‚yekVZ dk Fkksd foØ;foHkkx½ Hkkjh ek=k esa LV‚Dldks nck;s cSBk Fkk] ftlls nke c<+rs tk jgs FksA

;w,l ds fdlkuksa us dherksa esa mNky ds fy, lêscktksa vkSj ok;nkcktkj dks nks"kh Bgjk;kA fdlkuksa us cspku rks fd;k] ysfdu ok;nkdkjksckj ugha gqvkA tuojh 2008 esa xsgwa ds ok;nk dkjksckj esa fuos'kQaM~l dh tks fgLlsnkjh 40 Qhln Fkh] og vçsy rd 60 Qhln gks xbZA2007 ds iwoZ esa xsgwa dk ok;nk lkSnk tks pkj M‚yj cq'ksy Fkk] og vçsy2008 rd 14 M‚yj çfr cq'ksy gks x;kA ;w,l ds ftl fdlku us viuhiSnkokj ok;nk cktkj esa csph] mls Hkkjh uqdlku gqvk vkSj o‚yekVZ mrusgh equkQs esa jgkA tc dqN fdlku vius cps gq, LV‚Dl cspuk pkgrs Fks]rks o‚yekVZ us Åaph dherksa ij [kjhnus ls badkj dj fn;kA

;g fLFkfr lc dqN c;ka djrh gSA tc ;w,l ds fdlku o‚yekVZ lsvPNs nke gkfly dj jgs gSa] rks fQj D;ksa ;w,l ljdkj vius fdlkuksa dsfy, lkykuk 20 vjc M‚yj dh lfClMh tkjh djrh gS\ ;w,l vkSjif'peh ns'kksa ds vuqHko ds vkèkkj ij ;wih, dh ,QMhvkbZ ds i{k esa nyhyij lokfy;k fu'kku yxk;k tk ldrk gSA fjVsy esa ,QMhvkbZ ls Hkkjresa 120 yk[k fjVsyj ifjokjksa dks uqdlku gksxkA ;g fdlkuksa dks Qk;nkrks nwj] ukSSdfj;ksa esa vkSj dVkSrh djsxkA lcls [krjukd ckr ;g gS fdblls djhc nks frgkbZ xzkeh.k Hkkjrh;ksa dh [kk| lqj{kk feV tk,xhAvkf[kj dSls lqèkkjksa dk nkok djus okys yksx cxSj tehuh vlfy;r tkusa],QMhvkbZ ls csgrjh dh mEehn dj jgs gSa\

¼jktLFkku if=dk ls lkHkkj½

u;s vkfFkZd QSlyksa lsmith vk'kadk,a

&M‚- vf'ouh egktu&M‚- vf'ouh egktu&M‚- vf'ouh egktu&M‚- vf'ouh egktu&M‚- vf'ouh egktu

xr 14 flrEcj dks ljdkj us eYVh czkaM [kqnjk {ks= esa fons'kh fuos'k

dks vuqefr nsus dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA ,d ckj fQj ls ns'k esa bl eqís ijcoky ep x;k gSA fQj 20 flracj dks dkaxzsl vkSj mlds dqN lg;ksxhnyksa dks NksM+dj oke nyksa] r`.kewy dkaxzsl] lektoknh ikVhZ] Hkkjrh;turk ikVhZ lfgr yxHkx lHkh xSj dkaxzslh nyksa ,oa O;kikjh] fdlku vkSjetnwj laxBuksa us Hkkjr can fd;kA r`.kewy dkaxzsl us viuk leFkZu Hkhljdkj ls okil ys fy;kA ,sls esa Li"V gS fd ;g fu.kZ; ljdkj esa çeq[kny dkaxzsl ikVhZ dk gh gS vkSj blesa bl QSlys ls çHkkfor gksus okys i{kksavkSj ljdkj esa 'kkfey vU; jktuhfrd nyksa ls dksbZ fopkj&foe'kZ ughagqvk gSA

dsUæh; dSfcusV }kjk 24 uoacj 2011 dks ;g QSlyk fd;k x;k fdeYVh czkaM [kqnjk {ks= esa 51 çfr'kr fons'kh fuos'k dks vuqefr ns nhtk;sxhA lkFk gh lkFk iwoZ esa flaxy czkaM [kqnjk {ks= esa nh xbZ vuqefr dksc<+kdj 100 çfr'kr dj fn;k tk;sxkA laln dk l= py jgk Fkk] bleqís ij 10 fnu rd laln ugha py ikbZA O;kikjh] fdlku ,oa etnwjlaxBuksa ds lkFk foi{kh nyksa us rks fojksèk fd;k gh] ljdkj ds ?kVd nyksaus Hkh leFkZu okil ysus dh èkedh ns nhA r.kewy dkaxzsl vkSj lik ds Hkkjhfojksèk ds pyrs ljdkj dks eYVh czkaM esa 51 çfr'kr vuqefr ds QSlys lsvius c<+s gq, iSj [khapus iM+sA ysfdu ljdkj dh vksj ls c;ku vkrk jgkfd fofHkUu i{kksa dks eukdj bl QSlys dks iqu% ykxw djok;k tk;sxkA


fons'kh daifu;ksa ds fy, ns'k ds [kqnjk cktkj dks [kksy nsus dk ljdkjdk ;g QSlyk dsoy [kqnjk O;kikj esa yxs djksM+ksa yksxksa dh jksth&jksVhij gh pksV ugha gS] djksM+ksa NksVs&cM+s fdlkuksa vkSj NksVs&cM+s m|ksxksa lHkhij dgj <gkus okyk yxrk gSA [kqnjk O;kikj esa cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dkços'k 1960 ds n'kd esa gqvkA dsoy pkj n'kdksa esa gh nqfu;k ds [kqnjkO;kikj ij cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa us yxHkx viuk opZLo LFkkfir dj fy;kAokyekVZ] VsLdks] dSjh Qksj vkSj dbZ vU; [kqnjk O;kikj esa layXu cgqjk"Vªh;daifu;ksa dk O;olk; dbZ ns'kksa dh jk"Vªh; vk; ls Hkh vfèkd igqap pqdkgSA vkt vesfjdk esa 90 çfr'kr] ;wjksi esa 80 çfr'kr] nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZns'kksa esa 50 ls 60 çfr'kr vkSj phu esa Hkh yxHkx 30 çfr'kr [kqnjk O;kikjij cM+h cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ka dkfct gks pqdh gSaA blds lkFk gh bu ns'kksaesa vfèkdrj NksVs [kqnjk O;kikjh çfrLièkkZ ls gh ckgj gks pqds gSaA

,d {ks= tks 3-5 djksM+ yksxksa dks çR;{k vkSj 1-7 djksM+ yksxksa dksvçR;{k :i ls jkstxkj çnku djrk gS] tks thMhih dk 14 çfr'kr HkkxvftZr djrk gS vkSj ftlds cktkj dk vkdkj 20 yk[k djksM+ #i;s lsHkh vfèkd gS] dks ljdkj }kjk okyekVZ vkSj vU; vUrjkZ"Vªh; daifu;ksa dkslkSaius dh rS;kjh dh tk jgh gSA dqN le; igys foÙkea=h ds lykgdkjdkSf'kd clq us varj&ea=ky;h lewg ds çeq[k ds ukrs ;g rdZ fn;k Fkkfd [kqnjk {ks= esa fons'kh fuos'k dks vuqefr nsus ls ns'k esa egaxkbZ dks jksdktk ldsxkA lfpoksa dh ,d lfefr us Hkh [kqnjk {ks= esa 51 çfr'kr fons'khiwath dks vuqefr nsus dk çLrko djrs gq, blh rdZ dk lgkjk fy;k FkkA

,d vksj rks ljdkj egaxkbZ jksdus esa vlQy fl) gks jgh gS] rksnwljh vksj blh ckr dks [kqnjk {ks= esa fons'kh daifu;ksa dks ykus ds fy,rdZ ds :i esa mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA bl ckr dk dksbZ çek.k ugha gSfd [kqnjk {ks= esa okyekVZ ds vkus ls egaxkbZ de gks tk;sxhA cfYdlPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd Hkkjr dk [kqnjk O;kikj tks 20 yk[k djksM+ dk gS]vkt eè;e oxZ dh c<+rh dekbZ ds dkj.k Qy&Qwy jgk gS] ;g vFkZO;oLFkkdh ,d egRoiw.kZ laifÙk gSA

è;ku j[kuk gksxk fd [kqnjk O;kikj ds orZeku e‚My dks NsM+s tkusls ns'k esa jkstxkj ,oa vFkZO;oLFkk ij Hkkjh nq"çHkko iMus okyk gSA vktdf"k esa 60 çfr'kr tula[;k layXu gSA df"k vkSj vfèkd yksxksa dks [kikusesa l{ke ugha gSA fofuekZ.k {ks= 21 çfr'kr yksxksa dks jkstxkj nsrk gS vkSj

mlesa o`f) dh dksbZ laHkkouk ugha gS] D;ksafd fiNys dbZ o"kksaZ ls vfrfjä{kerk dk fuekZ.k ugha gks jgkA ,sls esa [kqnjk {ks= gh ,dek= {ks= gS tgkalcls vfèkd jkstxkj gSA

uhfr&fu;ark Hk.Mkj.k vkSj dksYMLVksjst dh lqfoèkk,a miyCèk djkusesa viuh deh dks Hkh fons'kh daifu;ksa dks ykus ds fy, rdZ ds :i esami;ksx dj jgs gSaA ljdkj Lo;a vFkok futh {ks= dks Hk.Mkj.k ,oa dksYMLVksjst miyCèk djkus ds fy, çksRlkfgr dj ldrh FkhA ljdkj }kjktkjh ppkZ i= esa ;g dgk x;k Fkk fd ns'k esa LVksjst lqfoèkk,a miyCèkdjkus ds fy, 7687 djksM+ #- dh t:jr gS vkSj ;g fuos'k fons'khdaifu;ka gh dj ldrh gSaA ;g rdZ cM+k gkL;kLin gS fd tgka Hkkjrljdkj dk okf"kZd ctV 15 yk[k djksM+ ls Hkh vfèkd gS] ogha ek= 7687djksM+ #i;s ds fy, NksVs O;kikfj;k dk O;olk; lekIr dj fn;k tk,A

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USA saw 18 per cent drop in jobs in themanufacturing sector (because of megastores).Along with agriculture, retail tradeconstitutes the largest fountain of self-employedjobs. Structured international retail will beharmful to job creation in India.

-Arun Jaitley

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Congress says you are a Singham (lion and also thetitle of the Ajay Devgn blockbuster). But PradhanMantriji, the country would like to know why is itthat you chose to act like a Singham only twice in theeight years you have been in office. The first time youchose to be a Singham was while pushing the nucleardeal with the US, staking your Government’s survivalon it.The second time you decided to play Singhamwas when you cleared FDI in multi-brand retail. Heretoo you didn’t care about your Government’s survival,you didn’t bother about India’s interest, all you caredfor is FDI in multi-brand retail.

-Narendra Modi

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foreword booklet.pdf · · 2014-01-19¡retail consists of the sale of goods or merchandise for...

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