book 3: policy briefs - petrra - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research

8/14/2019 Book 3: Policy briefs - PETRRA - An experiment in pro-poor agricultural research

1/88

Ziqnvts Noc`clgtcil Tmvi~em Vcbn

Vnrngvbm Grrcrtglbn -ZNTVVG#/ 73336::4g zviknbt a~ldnd fs DACD/ `glgend fs CVVC cl boirn bioogfivgtcil uctm FVVC

Ongvlclegldn}znvcnlbnr

iatmnZNTVVGzviknbt/FGLEOGDNRM

ZNTVVG -gl n}znvc`nlt

cl zvi-ziivgevcb~ot~vgo

vnrngvbmNdctnd fs Lino Z, @geiv/ Gm`gd Rgogm~ddcl/

@g`~l~o Mgw~n/ Tgzgrm H, Fcrugr gld @gtt Fgllnv`gl

FIIH; 2)7:

ZNTVVG ziocbs fvcnarZNTVVG ziocbs fvcnar


2/88

Fiih 2, ZNTVVG ziocbs fvcnar

2,7 Avi` tnbmlioies ti ocqnocmiidr

2,6 Tnbmlioies/ nltcton`nltr gld avnndi` ia bmicbn

2,2 Zgtmugsr avi` ziqnvts;

mi~rnmiod onqno zvibnrrnr ia evgd~gtcil

2,4 Zvi`itcle v~vgo lil-agv` nbili`s ia Fgleogdnrm

2,> Avi` tnbmlioiecnr gld nltnvzvcrnr ti

`ivn r~rtgclgfon ocqnocmiidr

2,1 @gzzcle ziqnvts ia v~vgo Fgleogdnrm;

c`zocbgtcil ia zvi-ziiv dnqnoiz`nlt

2,5 Lgt~vn gld c`zgbtr ia ui`nl%r zgvtcbczgtcil cl

nbili`cb gbtcqctcnr cl v~vgo Fgleogdnrm

2,= Vcbn rnnd dnocqnvs rsrtn` gld

rnnd ziocbs cl Fgleogdnrm

2,3 Vcbn vnrngvbm gld ziqnvts goonqcgtcil cl Fgleogdnrm

2,7: Ocfnvgocrgtcil ia tmn bviz Rnbtiv;

bgl Fgleogdnrm uctmrtgld vnecilgo bi`zntctcil9

2,77 Fcitnbmlioies aiv vcbn c`zviqn`nlt

2,76 Nlmglbcle v~vgo ocqnocmiidr lnnd lit birt tmn ngvtm


3/88

Avi` tnbmlioies ti ocqnocmiidrAvi` tnbmlioies ti ocqnocmiidrGogrtgcv U, Ivv/ Agtc`g K, Rnn`g/ Rmgcog G, Lgfc gld Kghcv~o C, Zntnv

Ziocbs

fvcna li, 2,7

CLTVID^BTCILGevcb~ot~vn%r vion cl noc`clgtcle ziqnvts clFgleogdnrm mgr fnnl bmgoonlend fs tmneviutm ia tmn v~vgo lil-agv` rnbtiv, Tmcrmgr ond ti bogc`r tmgt %mgldr lit ogld%zviqcdn tmn `gcl zgtmugs avi` ziqnvts,

Gbbivdcle ti tmcr qcnu/ gevcb~ot~vn ucoobiltcl~n ti fn c`zivtglt aiv aiid rnb~vcts/f~t ct ucoo li oilenv zogs tmn dslg`cb vionct ilbn dcd d~vcle tmn evnnl vnqio~tcil, Liutmgt Fgleogdnrm cr rnoa-r~aacbcnlt cl vcbn/itmnv rnbtivr ia tmn nbili`s ucoo zviqcdntmn nlecln ia eviutm,

Gevcb~ot~vn%r ifct~gvs rnn`r zvn`gt~vn/miunqnv, Nqcdnlbn avi` ZiqnvtsNoc`clgtcil Tmvi~em Vcbn Vnrngvbm

Grrcrtglbn%r -ZNTVVG# tnbmlioies r~f

zviknbtr -RZr# bilqclbcleos dn`ilrtvgtnrtmgt gevcb~ot~vn gld zgvtcb~ogvos vcbn mgqn

oirt liln ia tmncv vnonqglbn cl bvngtclelnu nbili`cb izzivt~lctcnr aiv vnri~vbnziiv mi~rnmiodr/ gld tmgt tmns `gs mgqng `~bm ucdnv c`zgbt il ocqnocmiidr tmglrc`zos c`zviqcle bviz scnodr ivmi~rnmiod aiid rnb~vcts, ^laivt~lgtnos/tmn oclhgenr fntunnl tnbmlioies gldocqnocmiidr gvn lit gougsr bgzt~vnd cltnbmlcbgo nqgo~gtcilr, Gr g vnr~ot/ tmn

dslg`cb vion tmgt gevcb~ot~vn `gs

biltcl~n ti zogs cl noc`clgtcle v~vgoziqnvts cr ngrcos iqnvoiihnd,

Tmcr ziocbs fvcna n}zoivnr tmnrn ucdnv

dc`nlrcilr ia c`zgbt il ocqnocmiidr aiv

ai~v rnonbtnd tnbmlioies RZr, Tmns

unvn dnocfnvgtnos rnonbtnd fnbg~rn tmns

unvn tnbmlcbgoos r~bbnrra~o/ vnzvnrnltnd

dcaanvnlt tsznr ia tnbmlioies gld biqnvnd

tmn dcaanvnlt vnecilr umnvn ZNTVVG

uivhnd, Tmn RZr gld oibgtcilr qcrctnd gvn

ecqnl cl Tgfon 7,

Tmn `gcl w~nrtcilr gddvnrrnd fs tmcr

fvcna gvn;

Miu mgr tmn lnu tnbmlioies bmglend

ocqnocmiidr g`ile zgvtcbczgtcle

mi~rnmiodr gld cl tmn bi``~lcts gr g

umion9

Miu mgr tmn lnu tnbmlioies bmglendocqnocmiidr aiv ui`nl9

Miu zviactgfon gld miu gzzvizvcgtnmgr tmn lnu tnbmlioies fnnl aivvnri~vbnziiv agv` mi~rnmiodr9

Ti glrunv tmnrn w~nrtcilr/ un qcrctnd ngbmRZ gld dcrb~rrnd tmnrn crr~nr uctm

zgvtcbczgtcle mi~rnmiodr, Un mnod

`nntcler uctm `c}nd evi~zr/ uctm

R~f-zviknbt Ongd genlbs Dcrtvcbt qcrctnd Oibgo zgvtlnv

Rnnd mngotm CVVC Fievg VDG

Cltnevgtnd bviz FVVC Tmgh~vegil VDVR `glgen`nlt -CB@#

Vcbnd~bh FVVC Rsomnt ACQDF

Bigrtgo ugtnv FVVC Hm~olg MNND vnri~vbnr

Tgfon 7, R~fzviknbtr/ oibgtcilr gld genlbcnr aiv bgrn rt~dcnr


4/886

Avi` tnbmlioies ti ocqnocmiidr

rnzgvgtn evi~zr ia `nl gld ui`nl/ uctmagv` mi~rnmiodr/ gld uctm oibgoeiqnvl`nlt vnzvnrnltgtcqnr, Un ~rnd`gclos w~goctgtcqn `ntmidr gld tmn vnr~otrgvn lit g dnaclctcqn %ocqnocmiidr g~dct%, F~t

tmns di bgzt~vn tmn r~vzvcrcle vglen iac`zgbtr fs umgt `cemt gzzngv ti fnlgvviu/ %tnbmlioies% zviknbtr/ umcbm mgrc`zocbgtcilr aiv miu gevcb~ot~vn `cemt fn~rnd gr gl nltvsziclt aiv zvievg``nr tinoc`clgtn v~vgo ziqnvts, Dntgcond vnr~otr`gs fn ai~ld cl tmn ivceclgo vnzivt -Ivv/Rnn`g/ Gvcag Lgfc gld Zntnv/ 6::4#,

HNS OCLHGENR Tmn c`zgbt ia lnu tnbmlioies cr ochntmviucle g rtiln clti g zild, Tmnc``ndcgtn c`zgbt cr anot gt tmn mi~rnmiodonqno/ uctm bmglenr cl tmn ~rn iavnri~vbnr/ gld cl i~tbi`nr ochn aiidrnb~vcts iv clbi`n, Itmnv i~tbi`nr `gsfn onrr ngrs ti `ngr~vn, Mcemnv clbi`nr`gs vnd~bn q~olnvgfcocts fs c`zviqcle tmn

mi~rnmiod%r gfcocts ti bizn uctm g bvcrcr/ ivvnr~ot cl fnttnv mngotm/ iv ecqn g lnu

annocle ia unoofncle gld bilacdnlbn, Tmnvczzonr avi` lnu tnbmlioies `gs gori

rzvngd i~t ti clbo~dn bmglenr cl grrntr/ grmi~rnmiodr clqnrt n}tvg clbi`n/ gld cllnu ocqnocmiid rtvgtnecnr/ gr mi~rnmiodrbmglen tmn ugs cl umcbm tmns ~rnvnri~vbnr, F~t tmn vczzonr di lit rtiz gt

tmn fi~ldgvs ia tmn mi~rnmiod, Tmnstvgqno i~tugvdr ti clbo~dn bmglenr cl

qcoogenr/ cl ribcgo vnogtcilrmczr/ iv nqnl clribcgo liv`r/ r~bm gr miu ui`nl `cemtfnmgqn, Gld tmns `gs tvgqno nqnl a~vtmnv/bmglecle vnogtcilrmczr uctm tmn ^lcil/vnrngvbm clrtct~tcilr/ gld uctm zvcqgtnf~rclnrr,

Ace~vn 7 rmiur g enlnvgocrnd zcbt~vn iatmn tszn ia ocqnocmiidr c`zgbt tmgt unvn

ai~ld cl tmnrn ai~v tnbmlioies RZr, Tmnbilbnltvcb bcvbonr vnzvnrnlt dcaanvnlt tsznria c`zgbt, Tmn dcaanvnlt onqnor vnzvnrnltdcaanvnlt zgvtr ia tmn r~rtgclgfonocqnocmiidr -RO# avg`nuivh, C`zgbt fneclr

uctm i~tbi`nr/ tmnl `iqnr ti bmglenr clbgzctgo grrntr/ fnaivn `iqcle ti bmglenr clocqnocmiid rtvgtnecnr iv tmn ugs tmgtmi~rnmiodr `ghn g ocqcle, Fnsild tmn

mi~rnmiod/ c`zgbt tmnl ongdr ti bmglenrcl %rtv~bt~vnr% iv clrtct~tcilr -clbo~dcle

ribcgo liv`r# gld %zvibnrrnr% iv tmn ugscl umcbm lnu tnbmlioies vngbmnr agv`nvr,

Ace~vn 7,

Avi` tnbmlioies ti ocqnocmiidr; g enlnvgocrnd idno

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,7


5/882


OCQNOCMIID C@ZGBTR

Bmglenr cl i~tbi`nr

@ivn clbi`n

Lnu tnbmlioies vgcrnd clbi`nrcelcacbgltos/ nrznbcgoos ca tmn birt ia lilz~vbmgrnd clz~tr cr n}bo~dnd -Tgfon 6#,Clbi`n bg`n lit k~rt avi` mcemnv scnodrf~t avi` vnd~bnd n}znldct~vn il clz~tr,

C`zviqnd aiid rnb~vcts

Mcemnv clbi`n mgd gl c``ndcgtn c`zgbtil mi~rnmiod aiid rnb~vcts/ rclbn clbi`n

ugr `gdn ìrtos cl tmn aiv` ia vcbn, Ilgqnvgen/ lnu tnbmlioies vgcrnd vcbnrnoar~aacbcnlbs fs 76 ìltmr)sngv,

Mi~rnmiod bgrnrt~dcnr ri`ntc`nrrmiund clbvngrnr ia 21 ìltmr,

&Un gvn gfon ti ngt nli~em tmvnn tc`nr g dgs&-CB@#,

&Rmn cr uctm rnnd mngotm gfi~t 5 rngrilr gld 4 sngvr gei rmn lnndnd ti z~vbmgrn vcbn aiv 24ìltmr, Aiv tmn ogrt 6 sngvr tmns di lit lnnd ti

z~vbmgrn gls vcbn evgcl&-rnnd mngotm#,

Fnttnv mngotm&Ca qcoogen dibtivr gvn lit gfon ti cdnltcas i~v

rcbhlnrr un bgl ei ti tmn rznbcgocrt cl Vglez~v&-CB@#,

Vnd~bnd q~olnvgfcocts

&Umnl un mgvqnrtnd ilos iln bviz un mgd ti

fivviu ìlns iv vcbn avi` tmn ungotmcnv ag`cocnrd~vcle tmn rngril&-bigrtgo ugtnv#,

&D~bh vngvcle cr g rgants gooiuglbn aiv tmnmi~rnmiod/ ca tmns lnnd gls bgrm ìlns tmns bglngrcos rnoo neer iv d~bhr&-vcbnd~bh#,

&Un ~rnd ti rnoo vcemt gatnv mgvqnrt f~t liu unbgl ugct aiv zvcbnr ti vcrn&-CB@#,

Clbvngrnd bilacdnlbn gld rnoanrtnn`

&Un ~rnd ti fog`n ziiv scnodr il fgd o~bh-hizgo hmgvgz#, Liu un hliu ct cr hliuonden

&D~bh vngvcle cr g rgants gooiuglbn aiv tmn

mi~rnmiod/ ca tmns lnnd gls bgrm ìlns tmnsbgl ngrcos rnoo neer iv d~bhr& -Vcbnd~bh#,

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,7

+ Agv`nvr vnzivtnd tmcr gr tmn `g}c`~` angrcfon gvng ia vcbn-d~bh tmgt bi~od fn `glgend fs iln mi~rnmiod

Tgfon 6, Bmglenr cl clbi`n vnr~otcle avi` lnu tnbmlioies

R~fZviknbt

Rnnd mngotm

Rnnd mngotm

Rnnd mngotm

CB@

CB@

CB@

Vcbn-d~bh

Vcbn-d~bh

Bigrtgo ugtnv

Bigrtgo ugtnv

Lnu tnbmlioies

Mngotms vcbn rnnd

@Q fivi uctm mngotms rnnd

@Q t, g`gl uctm mngotms rnnd

@Q t, g`gl ( vgfcbviz ( fivi

C`zviqnd cvvcegtcil

R~zzon`nltgvs cvvcegtcil aiv@Q t, g`gl

@Q vcbn( Hmghc Bg`zfnoo d~bhr

Vngvcle 2: d~bhr aiv rgon

@Q fivi

@Q t, g`gl

Lnt vnt~vlr iqnv n}crtcle

zvgbtcbn -bgrmbirt fgrcr#

5>

=/115

7>/22>

76/>43

--

77/15>

>77

1/>2>

77/7:>

6=/433

^lct

Th,)6: he,

Th,)mnbtgvn

Th,)mnbtgvn

Th,)mnbtgvn

Th,)mnbtgvn

Th,)mnbtgvn

Th,):,:1mnbtgvn+

Th,)sngv

Th,)mnbtgvn

Th,)mnbtgvn


6/884


tmgt `ghnr zvid~btcil eiid iv fgd& -rnndmngotm#,

&Fnaivn un unvnl%t tvngtnd zioctnos umnl unqcrctnd tmn mi~rn ia g unoo-iaa znvril/ umi

grr~`nd un bg`n ti fivviu ri`ntmcle, Liu tmns evnnt ~r/ grh ~r ti tghn g rngt/ gld grh tmnz~vzirn ia i~v qcrct&-CB@#,

&Fnaivn un unvnl%t clqctnd ti tmn rgocrm/ gld i~vuivd ugrl%t tv~rtnd, Liu unoo-iaa znizon tv~rt~r gr uctlnrrnr cl qcoogen dcrz~tnr&-CB@#,

@ivn mgvìls uctmcl tmn mi~rnmiod

&Umnl un ~rnd ti agco ti zvnrnvqn eiid w~goctsrnndr/ m~rfgldr ~rnd ti w~gvvno uctm ~r grhcle

ums un agcond&,&Umnl si~ gvn ziiv/ si~ dil%t uglt ti bilr~otuctm si~v ucan iv ag`cos `n`fnvr, %Tghg tmghon/f~dmmnn fmgoi%/ ri si~ anno ochn bilr~otcle itmnvr&-CB@#,

Bmglenr cl grrntr

M~`gl bgzctgo clbvngrnd tmvi~emc`zviqnd hliuonden ia @Q vcbnb~otcqgtcil/ gld lnu rhcoor cl rnndbonglcle/ d~bhvngvcle/ ugtnv`glgen`nlt/ gld anvtcocrnv ~rn, Ri`nrhcoor unvn fncle tvglranvvnd ti itmnvgbtcqctcnr/ aiv n}g`zon/ d~bh qgbbcln tizi~otvs/ gld rnnd bonglcle ti `gc{n8

Zmsrcbgo bgzctgo clbvngrnd gr rgqcler unvn clqnrtnd cl lnu grrntr, Vnzogbcletmgtbm uctm bivv~egtnd cvil viiaclergqnd tmn lnnd aiv gll~go vnzgcvr8

&Uctm tmn zviactr avi` vcbn rgonr mn mgr `glgend

ti f~s g biu/ tcl rmnntr aiv mcr mi~rn/ gld mcvn g

zvcqgtn t~tiv aiv mcr ril umi cr rt~dscle cl Bogrr

>&-bigrtgo ugtnv#,

Aclglbcgo bgzctgo clbvngrnd tmvi~em tmnrgon vcbn rnnd/ rnndocler/ zgdds/ `~rtgvd/gld neer, Tmcr `gdn ct ngrcnv aiv

mi~rnmiodr ti rgqn/ f~s boitmnr/ clqnrtcl nd~bgtcil aiv tmncv bmcodvnl/ entrnvqcbn oiglr avi` LEIr/ iv vnlt ogldaiv bgrm vgtmnv tmgl bvizrmgvn,

&Un bgl rgqn ri`n ìlns avi` n}znldct~vnr il

aiid fnbg~rn ia eiid zvid~btcil avi` vcbn&

-CB@#,

&Vcbn-d~bh mgr zviqcdnd tmn` uctm g octton n}tvgclbi`n/ vnd~bcle tmn lnnd aiv oiglr ti nd~bgtn mcr

nodnrt dg~emtnv&-vcbnd~bh#,

&Un unvn ungvcle rmivt-onletm %Tgtcgo% rgvc umcbm

un z~vbmgrnd aiv Th, 1:/ liu un ungv rgvcr

uivtm Th, 6::-2::&-CB@#,

Lgt~vgo bgzctgo clbvngrnd/ gr mi~rnmiodrgdiztnd mcemnvscnodcle @Qr/ ~rnd ogld

cl tmn dvs rngril/ cltvid~bnd cvvcegtcil/gld n}zgldnd tmn gvng tmns b~otcqgtnd,

&Tmcr cr tmn acvrt tc`n un gvn enttcle vcbn bviz tui

tc`nr g sngv&-bigrtgo ugtnv#,

Bmglenr cl ocqnocmiid rtvgtnecnr

Ui`nl%r clqioqn`nlt cl gevcb~ot~vnclbvngrnd gr tmns ongvlt lnu rhcoor, Tmnsfnegl ti zgvtcbczgtn cl acnod iznvgtcilr/ri`ntc`nr aiv tmn acvrt tc`n, Ui`nl`nltcilnd gbtcqctcnr ochn zvnzgvcle vcbnrnndfndr/ unndcle/ mgvqnrtcle gldbgvvscle bvizr avi` tmn acnod/ gldacldcle annd aiv d~bhr,

&Gt acvrt rmn anot rms ti uivh cl tmn vcbn acnodr, Ca

mnv agtmnv iv ~lbon rgu mnv/ rmn ~rnd ti mcdn cl tmn

%Tile% &-rnnd mngotm#,

Mcemvcrh rtvgtnecnr unvn vnzogbnd fsrtvgtnecnr uctm oiunv vcrhr gld mcemnvvnt~vlr,

&Rnrg`n ugr vcrhs ti mgvqnrt bi`zgvnd ti vcbn

fnbg~rn ct bgl fn ugrmnd gugs d~vcle ìlriil&-bigrtgo ugtnv#,

&Un ~rnd ti rnoo vcemt gatnv mgvqnrt f~t liuun bgl ugct aiv zvcbnr ti vcrn& -CB@#,

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,7


7/88>


&Un gvn lit cltnvnrtnd ti rmgvnbviz gls ìvn/ unuglt ti uivh uctm i~v iul gevcb~ot~vgo ogld&-CB@#,

Gevcb~ot~vn zviqcdnd aclglbn aiv

rngrilgo/ lilagv` rtvgtnecnr,&Un gvn gfon ti rtgvt r`goo f~rclnrrnr ochn evibnvsrmizr/ qnentgfon rnoocle/ rnoocle ìogrrnr&-CB@#,

Bmglenr cl rtv~bt~vnr

Tmn r~bbnrr ia tmnrn zviknbtrvnaonbtnd clbo~rcil ia goo rtghnmiodnvr,Zviknbtr unvn c`zon`nltnd ìrtos clzgvtlnvrmczr uctm LEIr iv oibgoeiqnvl`nlt, Lnu oclhgenr unvn bvngtndclqioqcle agv`nvr/ vnrngvbmnvr/ gld oibgoeiqnvl`nlt vnzvnrnltgtcqnr,

&Cl tmn acvrt sngv/ lilzgvtcbczgtcle agv`nvrzvitnrtnd gegclrt f~codcle n`fglh`nlt il bglgo,Tmns tmi~emt tmncv rnrg`n bviz ui~od fndg`gend, Tmn `n`fnv ia zgvocg`nlt -@Z# `gdntmn` ~ldnvrtgld gld `glgen tmn zvifon`r, Mngori mnoznd ongrclecl tmn bglgo avi` oibgo

eiqnvl`nlt&-bigrtgo ugtnv#,

&Liu foibh r~znvqcrivr bi`n ti ~r gld nqnl grh

~r aiv rio~tcilr&-rnnd mngotm#,

Bmglenr cl zvibnrrnr

Bmglecle gttct~dnr gìle rbcnltcrtr,Agv`nvr% qcnur gld hliuonden mnozndgdgzt tmn lnu tnbmlioies ti `ghn ctìvn vnonqglt gld gzzvizvcgtn aiv tmncvbcvb~`rtglbnr, Aiv n}g`zon/ agv`nvrrmiund rnnd mngotm vnrngvbmnvr tmgttmns bi~od rgqn ogfi~v fs vie~ncle ilosg zgvt/ vgtmnv tmgl tmn umion acnod/ gld

tmgt fngtcle vcbn rtgohr tmvnn tc`nrfnaivn tmvnrmcle vnìqnd n`zts evgclr,Vcbnd~bh agv`nvr rmiund tmgt d~bhrbi~od fn r~bbnrra~oos vngvnd ~rcle oibgovnri~vbnr/ ucttmi~t tmn lnnd aivn}znlrcqn annd,

&Umgt C dcd cl tmn ogrt 76 sngvr ugr`nglcleonrr, Aiv tmn acvrt tc`n/ C vngocrn tmgt C g`dicle vnrngvbm uctm agv`nvr il tmncv vngo ocan

zvifon`r, C ugr g unoor~ctnd rbcnltcrt gld liu

`s gttct~dn cr bi`zontnos bmglend& -rnndmngotm#,

&Fnaivn un unvn gavgcd ia VDG, Ct cr g unoozvitnbtnd gvng gld fce iaacbnvr `gs lit tgoh uctm~r, Liu un gvn zvi~d ti tgoh ti rbcnltcrtr&-rnnd mngotm#,

Agv`nvr ongvlt gfi~t tmn lnutnbmlioies tmvi~em %ongvlcle fs dicle%vgtmnv tmgl aiv`go tvgclcle, Tmcrzviqcdnd tmn fgrcr aiv bi``~lcts fgrndn}tnlrcil/ uctm zgvtcbczgltr tvgclcletmncv lncemfi~vr gld agv`nvr aviìtmnv qcoogenr, Zgvtcbczgltr mnod acnoddgsr ti rmgvn hliuonden uctm itmnvr,

&Tmcr tvgclcle cr ìvn zvgbtcbgo gld vngo/ un bglzvgbtcbn ct cl i~v vngo ocan&-CB@#,

&Tvgclcle goiln crl%t nli~em ti dcrrn`clgtn lnutnbmlioies, Dnìlrtvgtcil/ boirn oclhgen uctmvnrngvbmnvr/ gld biltcl~i~r ongvlcle cr nrrnltcgo tidcrrn`clgtn gld bi``~lcbgtn gls lnutnbmlioies& -~lcil zgvcrmgd X^ZP bmgcv`gl/rnnd mngotm#,

Tvgclcle ui`nl/ lit ilos cl rnndrtivgen gld bviz zvibnrrcle/ f~t cl tmn

umion vglen ia lnu vcbn tnbmlioies/

clbo~dcle rnndfnd zvnzgvgtcil/ anvtcocrnv~rn/ gld znrt `glgen`nlt, Tmcr gooiund

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,7


8/881


tmn` ti rmgvn dnbcrcilr gfi~t vcbnb~otcqgtcil uctm tmncv m~rfgldr gld egqntmn` bilacdnlbn ti uivh cl tmn vcbnacnodr,

&Ca clrnbtr gttgbh vcbn/ ui`nl bgl cdnltcas tmn zvifon` gld claiv` tmncv m~rfgldr ti oiih aivrio~tcilr&-CB@#,

ENLNVGO BILBO^RCILR Umcon ngbm zviknbt ugr dcaanvnlt/ tmnsrmgvnd ri`n bi`ìl angt~vnr/ umcbmzviqcdn ~rna~o onrrilr,

Umgt cr ìrt rtvchcle cr tmn rmnnv rbgon

ia tmn ocqnocmiid egclr, Gevcb~ot~vgotnbmlioies-

zgvtcb~ogvos lnu vcbntnbmlioies- bgl mgqn g fce c`zgbt cl g

qnvs rmivt tc`n, Ti vgcrn vcbn rnoar~aacbcnlbs fs 2 ìltmr cl k~rt iln sngviv k~rt iln rngril cr li `ngl angt, Ctbi`zgvnr agqi~vgfos uctm tmn r`goonv/ìvn evgd~go c`zgbt ia LEI `cbvibvndct zvievg``nr, Gevcb~ot~vn%r c`zgbtcr mcem fnbg~rn;

Vnt~vlr avi` ogld gvn mcemnv tmglilnr avi` `cbvinltnvzvcrn iv ugenogfi~v/ gld vcbn bgl fn eviul cl tuirngrilr8

Zgsfgbh znvcid cr rmivt fnbg~rn ilnrngril cr ilos aiv 2 ìltmr8 gld

Birtr gvn oiu fnbg~rn tnbmlioiesf~codr il rtvnletmr gld n}zoictr~l~rnd vnri~vbnr -ugtnv/ agooiu ogld/mi~rnmiod ogfi~v#,

C`zgbt ugr rcelcacbglt lit k~rt fnbg~rn ia

ctr rbgon f~t fnbg~rn ct clqioqnd vcbn, Tmn

bnltvgocts ia vcbn `ghnr ct g rtvile nltvs

ziclt aiv bmglecle ocqnocmiidr, Tc`n gld

gegcl/ mi~rnmiodr tiod ~r tmgt mgqcle

ìvn vcbn gooiund tmn` ti f~s ìvngrrntr/ ngt fnttnv/ fn mngotmcnv/ gld gori

bmglen tmncv fnmgqci~v/ w~gvvnocle onrr/

fncle ìvn ucoocle ti dcrb~rr zvifon`r/

gld g enlnvgo clbvngrn cl unoofncle gld

zngbn ia `cld, Clbvngrn cl clbi`n aiv g

ziiv mi~rnmiod/ gld si~ ucoo clbvngrn

n}znldct~vn il vcbn, Clbvngrn cl vcbn

zvid~btcil/ bgrm/ tc`n gld nlnves gvn

vnongrnd aiv itmnv gbtcqctcnr8

Clbi`n avi` lnu tnbmlioies ugrvnclqnrtnd cl gevcb~ot~vn gr unoo gr lil

agv` grrntr gld rtvgtnecnr, Tmnvn ugr li

ac}nd zgttnvl ia clqnrt`nlt/ umcbm

dnznldnd il mi~rnmiod bcvb~`rtglbnr,

F~t ct ugr bi`ìl ti acld mi~rnmiodrf~scle biur -umcbm zvid~bn ìvn grrntr

cl bgoqnr#/ f~scle clz~tr/ vnltcle ìvn

ogld/ gld ructbmcle avi` bviz rmgvn

biltvgbtr ti ìvtegen iv hmgchgogrmc/

umcbm gvn ìvn agqi~vgfon aiv tnlgltr,

Tmnvn ugr g litcbngfon zvnanvnlbn aiviul b~otcqgtcil iqnv lilagv` kifr ochn

ogfi~vcle iv qgldvcqcle/ umcbm unvn

oiuzgscle/ ri`ntc`nr vcrhs/ gld tiih

m~rfgldr gugs avi` mi`n, F~t

mi~rnmiodr unvn gori oiihcle tiugvdrtmn a~t~vn, Gld mnvn tmns unvn `ghcle

rgbvcacbnr aiv tmncv bmcodvnl/ clqnrtcle cl

nd~bgtcil gld mcvcle zvcqgtn t~tivr ti

ecqn tmn` g fnttnv a~t~vn, Tmcr clbo~dnd

nd~bgtcil aiv dg~emtnvr/ ri tmgt tmns`cemt ngvl gl clbi`n gatnv `gvvcgen,

Glitmnv ugs tmgt ZNTVVG%r RZr `gdngl c`zgbt il ocqnocmiidr ugr tmvi~em tmn

ugs tmns unvn c`zon`nltnd, Tmcr ugrzgvtcb~ogvos c`zivtglt aiv bmglenr clrtv~bt~vnr gld zvibnrrnr, Tui n}g`zonrrtgld i~t,

Ui`nl vnbncqnd tvgclcle cl goo grznbtria lnu vcbn tnbmlioies, Zvnqci~ros/

ui`nl ~rnd ti vnbncqn tvgclcle ilos clgbtcqctcnr aiv umcbm tmns unvn

&Ca clrnbtr gttgbh vcbn/ ui`nl bgl cdnltcas

tmn zvifon` gld claiv` tmncv m~rfgldr tioiih aiv rio~tcilr& -CB@#,

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,7


9/885


tvgdctcilgoos vnrzilrcfon ochn rnndrtivgen iv bviz zvibnrrcle, Tmcrvnclaivbnd n}crtcle enldnv vionr gldn}bo~dnd ui`nl avi` `gls ia tmncvm~rfgld%r dnbcrcilr gfi~t gevcb~ot~vn,

Tvgclcle ui`nl mgr n`ziunvnd tmn`ti rmgvn cl dnbcrcil`ghcle gldr~znvqcrn mcvnd ogfi~v, Tmcr mgrclbvngrnd ui`nl%r rnoanrtnn` gld tmnsmgqn vnbncqnd vnrznbt avi` `nl, Unlitnd g eviucle %an`clcrgtcil% iagevcb~ot~vn gr ui`nl fnbg`n ìvnclqioqnd uctm acnod gbtcqctcnr, @nlgzzvnbcgtnd tmcr/ fnbg~rn ct rgqnd mcvcleogfi~v gld avnnd tmncv tc`n aiv itmnv

zvid~btcqn gbtcqctcnr, Un gori ai~ld tmgt`nl umirn ucqnr uivhnd cl tmn acnodr unvn ri`ntc`nr zvnzgvnd ti rmgvnbmcodbgvn gld ri`n di`nrtcb tgrhr8

Enldnvgugvnlnrr mgr vnzogbnd g lgqn/

~lctgvs ìdno ia tmn agv` mi~rnmiod uctm iln fgrnd il rnzgvgtn enldnv

vionr, Tmcr cr ~rna~o aiv glgosrcr, F~t ctmgr gori ond ti rnzgvgtn %rzmnvnr ia

hliuonden% umnl ct bi`nr ti lnu

tnbmlioies, Fs tvngtcle ui`nl gld`nl nw~goos/ gr `n`fnvr ia iln

mi~rnmiod/ ZNTVVG mgr ecqnl ui`nlgbbnrr ti hliuonden tmgt tmns unvn

dnlcnd fnaivn, Cl iznvgtcilgo tnv`r/

tmnvnaivn/ tvngtcle tmn mi~rnmiod gr grcleon ~lct mgr ecqnl ui`nl ~loc`ctnd

gbbnrr ti lnu hliuonden/ uctmvn`gvhgfon vnr~otr, Tmcr `gs mgqn

c`zocbgtcilr aiv bmicbn ia rtvgtnecnr/ ca ui`nl mgqn dcaanvnlt zvcivctcnr avi`

`nl, Ca ui`nl gvn ìvn bilbnvlnd tinlr~vn tmgt bmcodvnl gvn unooli~vcrmnd/tmcr bi~od ongd ti evngtnv n`zmgrcr il

mi~rnmiod aiid rnb~vcts vgtmnv tmglbgrm clbi`n8

Oibgo eiqnvl`nlt bgl zogs g hns

vion cl rbgocle ~z gld tnbmlioies

dcrrn`clgtcil, ^Z bmgcv`nl gvngbbi~ltgfon ti tmn nonbtivgtn gld mgqn

g~tmivcts ti clctcgtn bmglen, Tmncv

zgvtcbczgtcil cr nrrnltcgo aiv ~rn iabi`ìl zviznvts vnri~vbnr -bigrtgo

ugtnv#, Tmns bgl %fvihnv% rnvqcbnr aiv

qcoogenvr avi` vnrngvbmnvr gld LEIr/gld foibh r~znvqcrivr ìvn naanbtcqnos

ca ~ldnv oibgo biltvio, Cl uivhcle uctmoibgo eiqnvl`nlt/ bgvn ucoo fn lnndnd

ri tmgt tmn aib~r il tmn vnri~vbnziivcr lit oirt8

Lnu tnbmlioies cl tmnrn ai~vzviknbtr ugr hliuondencltnlrcqn,

Tmcr hliuonden ugr lit ngrs tibi``~lcbgtn tmvi~em ilniaa%dnìlrtvgtcilr% iv rc`zon%vnbi``nldgtcilr%, Agv`nvr mgd tiongvl fs dicle, Tmcr vnw~cvnd g lnuìdn ia uivhcle aiv rbcnltcrtr

clqioqcle agv`nv zgvtcbczgtcil/ cltnlrcqntvgclcle gld boirn r~znvqcrcil, Tmcrvnw~cvnd zgvtlnvrmczr uctm oibgoiveglcrgtcilr tmgt lit ilos hlnu tmntgvent evi~z -vnri~vbnziiv agv`nvr#f~t hlnu miu ti uivh uctm tmn` gldbi~od clbivzivgtn tvgclcle clti tmncvzvievg``nr8

Aiv tmn tmvnn zgvtlnv LEIr - VDVR/MNND/ gld FDR - tmcr ugr tmncv acvrt

&Un bgl rgqn ri`n ìlns avi` n}znldct~vnr

il aiid fnbg~rn ia eiid zvid~btcil avi`vcbn& -CB@#,

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,7


10/88


n}znvcnlbn ia uivhcle dcvnbtos uctmvcbn, Tmncv `gcl gbtcqcts ugr `cbvi-bvndct aiv lil-agv` gbtcqctcnr, Tmncvclqioqn`nlt uctm gevcb~ot~vn ugraib~rnd il mi`nrtngd egvdnlcle, Liu

tmgt tmns mgqn rnnl tmn zitnltcgo ia lnuvcbn tnbmlioies aiv tmncv tgvent evi~z/tmns gvn hnnl ti biltcl~n, Tmcr `gvhrgl c`zivtglt rmcat cl tmncv znvbnztcil iagevcb~ot~vn gr g zgtmugs avi` ziqnvts8

ZNTVVG%r ntmir - znizon-aib~r/zgvtcbczgtivs/ enldnv-gugvn/zgvtlnvrmczr - mgr fnnl g zirctcqnn}znvcnlbn aiv vcbn rbcnltcrtr,

ZNTVVG%r n}znvcnlbn bongvos rmiur tmgt

vcbn tnbmlioies bgl mgqn g `~bm ucdnvc`zgbt il ocqnocmiidr tmgl `cemt fnr~rznbtnd, Tmcr r~eenrtr tmgt gevcb~ot~vnrtcoo mgr tmn zitnltcgo ti zogs g dslg`cbvion cl tmn noc`clgtcil ia v~vgo ziqnvts,

Gbmcnqcle tmcr eigo ucoo vnw~cvn g lgtcilgoziqnvts rtvgtnes tmgt `ghnr a~oo ~rn litilos ia %mgldr%/ f~t gori %ogld% gld gfiqngoo/ %mngdr%, F~t aiv gevcb~ot~vn ti zogs tmcrdslg`cb vion naanbtcqnos/ ZNTVVG%r

onegbs ia qgo~n-fgrnd vnrngvbm-

znizon-

aib~r/ zgvtcbczgtivs/ enldnv-gugvn/ gldzgvtlnvrmczr -- ucoo fn a~ldg`nltgo, Gldri ucoo fn tmn r~zzivt ia ziocbs `ghnvr clvngaacv`cle tmn ziunv ia lnu tnbmlioiesti tvglraiv` ocqnocmiidr,

&Fnaivn un unvn gavgcd ia VDG, Ct cr g unoozvitnbtnd gvng gld fce iaacbnvr `gs lit tgohuctm ~r, Liu un gvn zvi~d ti tgoh tirbcnltcrtr& -rnnd mngotm#,

Tmcr fvcna cr tmn i~tz~t ia 4 bgrn rt~dcnr aiv rnnd mngotm c`zviqn`nlt/ vcbn-d~bh agv`cle/ bigrtgo ugtnv

`glgen`nlt gld CB@ tnbmlioies r~f-zviknbtr bild~btnd aiv gl ~ldnvrtgldcle ia c`zgbt avi` tnbmlioies ti

ocqnocmiidr, Tmn dntgcond bgrn rt~ds vnzivtr gvn gqgcogfon cl ZNTVVG unfrctn zntvvg,cvvc,ive

R~eenrtnd bctgtcil;

Ivv/ G, U,/ Rnn`g/ A, K,/ Lgfc/ R, G, gld Zntnv/ K, C, 6::5, Avi` tnbmlioies ti ocqnocmiidr, Cl; @geiv/ L, Z,/ Rgogm~ddcl/

G,/ Mgw~n/ @,/ Fcrugr/ T, H, gld Fgllnv`gl/ @,/ ndctivr, ZNTVVG - gl n}znvc`nlt cl zviziiv gevcb~ot~vgo

vnrngvbm, Ziocbs fvcnar li, 2,7, Dmghg -Fgleogdnrm#; Ziqnvts Noc`clgtcil Tmvi~em Vcbn Vnrngvbm Grrcrtglbn

Zviknbt/ Cltnvlgtcilgo Vcbn Vnrngvbm Clrtct~tn, = z,

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,7


11/88

Lit oile gei/ tmn Lifno og~vngtn clNbili`cbr/ G`gvtgsg Rnl/ dnrbvcfnddnqnoiz`nlt gr n}zglrcil ia tmn rnt iabmicbnr ia tmn znizon, %Fneegvr bgllitfn bmiirnvr% - einr tmn gdgen uctm tmnc`zocbgtcilr tmgt gt zctca~oos oiu onqnor iaclbi`n/ znizon mgqn ti zvnanv nctmnv %tmcr%

iv %tmgt% bi`ìdcts f~ldon/ f~t lit fitm,Nbili`crtr bgoo ct g %bivlnv% rio~tcil cl glcldcaanvnlbn b~vqn glgosrcr ia bilr~`nvr/enlnvgoos tg~emt cl acvrt sngv nbili`cbrbogrrnr, F~t gr tmn clbi`n einr ~z/ znizontnld ti mgqn g bmicbn gìle bi`ìdctsf~ldonr ti rgddon gt g ziclt umnvn tmnf~dent ocln - g zvi}s aiv gfcocts# cr tglenltti tmn cldcaanvnlbn b~vqn -g zvi}s aivzvnanvnlbn#, W~ctn ifqci~ros/ g tglenltrio~tcil cr zvnanvgfon ti g bivlnv rio~tcil

gr agv gr bilr~`nv unoagvn cr bilbnvlnd,

%RMCZ% tnbmlioies

Tnbmlioies gdiztcil cl gevcb~ot~vgozvgbtcbnr bi~od fn iln ia tmn hnsr tivgcrcle clbi`n, Tmn vcrn cl clbi`n bi~odgotnv tmn `gtvc} ia bmicbnr agbnd fs tmnmi~rnmiod iv bilr~`nv, Acvrt/ tnbmlioiesaiv tmn qnvs ziiv nlgfonr nltcton`nlt fsclbvngrcle tmn r~zzos ia aiid -aiv ziiv/

zvid~btcil ctrnoa cr nltcton`nlt gr tmnsbilr~`n umgt tmns zvid~bn# gld tmnlnlmglbn`nlt ia nltcton`nlt bi~od ongd tig qgvcnts ia bmicbnr tmgt tmn ziiv bi~odmgvdos tmclh ia cl tmn zvntnbmlioiesrtgtn,

Ti tmcr naanbt/ tmn c`zgbtr ia tmntnbmlioies ia tmn rnnd mngotmc`zviqn`nlt zviknbt -RMCZ# cr g bgrn clziclt, Cl rnqnl gvngr ia Fgleogdnrm;

Bm~gdgleg/ Fgvcrgo/ Vglez~v/ Fievg/

Mgfceglk/ Eg{cz~v gld Vgkrmgmc/ 2:agv`nvr avi` ngbm gvng mgqn vnbncqndtvgclcle il rnnd mngotm `glgen`nlt, Tmnagv`nvr gld tmncv rzi~rnr vnbncqndtvgclcle il %ums%/ %miu% gld %umnvn% rnndrrmi~od fn hnzt rganos aiv tmn rghn iar~vqcqgo,

Tmn zviknbt ugr cl iznvgtcil aiv ai~vsngvr gld un ugltnd ti iftgcl tmnvngbtcilr ia agv`nvr il tmn ribcinbili`cbr ia RMCZ, Un nrznbcgoos ugltndti hliumiu tmncv ocqnocmiidr unvnbmglecle gr g vnr~ot ia RMCZ gbtcqctcnr,R~f`cttnd fnoiu gvn ri`n ia tmnifrnvqgtcilr dvgul avi` g anu agv`nvr

umi gvn qnvs ziiv,

Bgrn ia gl iulnv-tnlglt

Agv~h Mirrgcl -4:# ia Fgf~eglk/ Fgvcrgomgr ti annd g ag`cos ia rnqnl, Mn ugr

uivhcle gr g dgs ogfi~vnv cl gddctcil tib~otcqgtcle mcr `ngenv gì~lt ia ogld, Mnmgr li nd~bgtcil liv cr mcr ogldnldiu`nlt qnvs mcem; ilos 1: dnbc`goria iulnd ogld, Mn mgr ti vnlt vi~emos 4:dnbc`gor avi` itmnvr ti fn il gl nqnlhnno, Mirrgcl gld mcr ucan tiih ~z tmntvgclcle uctm eiid rzcvct, D~vcle tmn ogrt

g`gl rngril/ mn b~otcqgtnd FV77 timgvqnrt mi`n 74 `g~ldr znv Kgcrtmg -6:dnbc`gor#, K~rt ai~v sngvr gei/ fnaivntmnvn ugr gls RMCZ iv grribcgtnd tvgclcle/Mirrgcl ~rnd ti ent = `g~ldr avi` tmnrg`n gì~lt ia ogld, Cl tmn fivi rngril/mn b~otcqgtnd hgkog gld mgvqnrtnd mi`n

76 `g~ldr bi`zgvnd ti 7: `g~ldr znvKgcrtmg zvnqci~ros, Tmn Agv~h ag`cos goriongvlt miu ti ~rn onrr anvtcocrnv gld

znrtcbcdnr,

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,6

Gfd~o Fgsnr

Tnbmlioies/ nltcton`nltr gld avnndi` ia bmicbnTnbmlioies/ nltcton`nltr gld avnndi` ia bmicbn


12/886

Tnbmlioies/ nltcton`nltr gld avnndi` ia bmicbn

Tmn clbvngrnd scnod avi` zgdds gld tmnrgonr ia rnndr tmgt mn vnbnltos n`fgvhnd~zil/ rnn` ti mgqn gotnvnd tmn `gtvc} iabmicbnr tmgt mn bilaviltnd cl tmn zgrt,Liu tmn ag`cos mgr tmvnn `ngor g dgs,

Ai~v sngvr gei/ tmn ag`cos mgd ilos ilnvcbn`ngo/ ri`ntc`nr k~rt fvngd gld gttc`nr unvn uctmi~t aiid, &Nhmil tcl fnog

eivi` fmgt hmgc/ gens nh fnog v~tc/ illi fnog lg

hmnsn hgtgctg`, Rmiztgmn d~ctg `~vec-i hmgc,&

-Liu un mgqn ugv` vcbn tmvnn tc`nr gdgs, Ngvocnv/ un ~rnd ti mgqn ilos ilnvcbn`ngo gld mgd ti rtgvqn ibbgrcilgoos,

Un bgl gori gaaivd ti mgqn tui bmcbhnlr gunnh#,

Agv~h ugr g dgs ogfi~vnv uivhcle clitmnvr% acnodr ti r~zzon`nlt mcr agv`clbi`n, &Nhmil fmgfbmmc ggv fidoc hmgtfilg,Lcknv ki`ctn hgk hivfi, G`gv airmio-n kitmnrmti,&-Liu C g` tmclhcle ia ecqcle ~z uivhclegr g dgs ogfi~vnv, Zvid~btcil avi` `siul agv` cr nli~em ti annd `s ag`cos#,

Agv~h mgr ~ldnvrtiid tmn rcelcacbglbn iand~bgtcil gld tmnvnaivn/ dnqitnr g zgvt iatmn clbvngrnd clbi`n il bmcodvnlr%

nd~bgtcil, Cl tmn zgrt/ mn bi~od mgvdosgaaivd ti rnld tmn bmcodvnl ti rbmiiodnrzctn tmn dnrcvn ti di ri,

Agv~h mgr lnqnv ~rnd rigz, Liu tmnag`cos ~rnr tui fgvr ia Ocanf~is rigznqnvs ìltm, A~vtmnvìvn/ tmn ag`cos mgrructbmnd avi` ngtcle hgkog vcbn -vnogtcqnosbigvrn vcbn# ti FVVC dmgl63 -vnogtcqnosacln w~gocts vcbn#,

Agv~h liu vnbncqnr/ gatnv r~vvnldnvcle

mgoa ia tmn zvid~bn aiv vnlt cl ogld/gfi~t 7/7:: he, ia vcbn g sngv, Gatnv`nntcle mcr ag`cos%r lnnd ia gfi~t 7/:::he,/ mn rnoor tmn vnrt ti tmn `gvhnt, Clgddctcil/ mn gori rnoor rnndr ti lncemfi~vr,

Tm~r/ tmn tvgclcle avi` RMCZ clbvngrndtmn aiid nltcton`nlt ia tmn mi~rnmiod ti

umcbm Agv~h Mirrgcl fnoiler, Gt tmnrg`n tc`n/ tmn clbvngrnd clbi`n gld aiidrnb~vcts mgqn gotnvnd tmn bmicbnr ia tmn

ag`cos, Ngvocnv/ tmn ag`cos bi~od ilos mgqntmcr iv tmgt, F~t liu tmns bgl mgqn tmcr

gld gori tmgt, &gens zibmmildi hgvns hickgltg` lg, Gqgfcdnv gfgv zibmmildi hc' Nhmil

ifirtmg fnrm fmgoi, @gkmn ìcdmns rmgd `ntgc,&-Un mgd li bmicbn cl tmn zgrt, Tmirn cl

uglt/ mgqn li bmicbn' Liu bildctcilr

mgqn c`zviqnd gld un tvs ti a~oacoo ri`ndnrcvnr#,

G tnlglt gld g tvgclcle

Un liu tghn ~z tmn bgrn ia g z~vn tnlglt, Gfd~o Hgdnv ia Rvnnz~v qcoogen -~ldnvEg{cz~v dcrtvcbt# oirt mcr agtmnv clbmcodmiid gld mcr evgldagtmnv dnzvcqndmc` ia mcr d~n rmgvn ia tmn clmnvctglbn,

Mn mgr li nd~bgtcil, Fivl ogldonrr/

Gfd~o Hgdnv mgr fnnl rtvcqcle mgvd aivdnbgdnr ti annd rnqnl `n`fnvr tmvi~emvnltcle i~t ogld, Tmi~em/ mcr nodnrt rilbiltvcf~tnr Th, 2/::: g ìltm uivhcle gr

g bgvznltnv/ tmgt cr `ngevn gr mcrmi~rnmiod vnw~cvnr 22,> he, znv dgs iavcbn k~rt ti r~vqcqn, Cl tmn k~rt aclcrmndfivi rngril/ mn b~otcqgtnd 4 fcemgr -7 fcemg

0 :,22 gbvn# ia ogld gld cl tmn ogrt g`glrngril/ 1 fcemgr, Ti vnzngt/ goo mcr

b~otcqgfon ogldr unvn vnltnd i~t tir~vvnldnv >:. ia tmn i~tz~t ti tmniulnv, Ochn `gls itmnvr/ Gfd~o Hgdnv cr

g z~vn tnlglt cl Rvnnz~v qcoogen,

Hgdnv vngznd g mgvqnrt ia 6: `g~ldrznvfcemg ia zgdds avi` zvid~bcle FVVC

dmgl6=, Mn gld mcr ucan `gdn a~oo ~rn iatmn tvgclcle il eiid w~gocts rnnd, Cl tmngfrnlbn ia r~bm tvgclcle/ umnl tmnsaiooiund tmn tvgdctcilgo zgtm ia rnndzvnrnvqgtcil/ tmn scnod ugr 75 `g~ldrznv

fcemg, Cl tmn g`gl rngril/ mn zvid~bndFV77 ti mgvqnrt 71 `g~ldr znv fcemggegclrt 76 `g~ldr znv fcemg cl zvnqci~rdgsr, Cl tmirn dgsr/ Hgdnv gld mcr ucan~rnd ti hnnz rnndr cl g rgbh ilos ti rnn

tmgt tmn rnndr unvn rzicond d~n ti gcvbiltg`clgtcil, Il `gls ibbgrcilr/ tmncvrnnd fndr unvn dg`gend - kgog `gvg enbmmn#z~ttcle tmn` cl dcvn rtvgctr, Tmns unvnmngqcos cldnftnd ti qcoogen ìmgkilr gld

lncemfi~vr gr tmns mgd tghnl g m~en oiglumcbm bi~od lit fn vnzgcd,

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,6


13/882


Agtn`g Fne~`/ Hgdnv%r ucan rgsr, &Aiv tmn

ogrt ai~v sngvr/ un dcd lit fivviu ìlns aiv

b~otcqgtcil, Fnaivn tmgt/ un fivviund ìlns avi`

%ìmgkilr%/ rgs Th, 7/::: gld mgd ti zgs

Th, 7:: znv ìltm gr gddctcilgo,&D~vcle tmn

ogrt fivi rngril/ tmns riod rnndocler uivtm Th, 2/:::/ fnaivn umcbm tmns mgd riod

rnndocler uivtm Th, 7/4:: gld fnaivn tmgt

Th, 7/6::, Tmn rnndocler gvn fi~emt lit

ilos fs lncemfi~vr umnl tmncvr agco ti

eviu/ f~t gori fs qcoogenvr avi` agv gld

ucdn,

Miunqnv/ cl tmn ogrt fivi rngril/ Hgdnv%r

ag`cos eit =: `g~ldr avi` ai~v fcemgr,

Gatnv r~vvnldnvcle mgoa ia tmn i~tz~t/ tmns

fvi~emt mi`n 4: `g~ldria zgdds, Tmnvn

cr gori clbvngrnd scnod avi` FV77 gld

tientmnv tmns eit =1 `g~ldr ia zgdds cl

iln sngv, Gatnv `nntcle mi~rnmiod lnndr/

tmcr tnlglt ag`cos n`nvenr gr g r~vzo~r

vcbn zvid~bnv, G zgvt ia tmn n}bnrr cr rnlt

ti tmn `gvhnt ti f~s g rgvcaiv Agtn`g iv

ti zgs t~ctcil annr aiv tmn dg~emtnv,

Agtn`g/ bmihnd uctm nìtcil/ umcon

n}zogclcle tmgt zvnqci~ros rmn bi~od lit

zviqcdn nd~bgtcil aiv mnv ril d~n tiziqnvts gld lnqnv dcd rmn iul tui rgvcr,

&C uivhnd gr g `gcd cl ri`nfids%r mi~rn k~rt

tmvnn ti ai~v sngvr fgbh, @glgecle aiid aiv tmn

ag`cos aivbnd `n ti fn g `gcd gld `s m~rfgld g

%`~lc% -sngv oile ogfi~v cl g mi~rnmiod#, Aiid

rmivtgen rtgsr gugs tmnrn dgsr d~n ti tmn mgvd

uivh un z~t cl tmn acnodr,&

&Nhhm~lc bmionl g`gv fgvct/ fcrmtvcrm ìl

dmgl gbmmnc,&-Gbbi`zgls `n ti `s mi~rn/si~ ucoo acld 6:2: `g~ldria zgdds#,

Umgt gvn tmn fgrcb dcaanvnlbnr cl tmn

Hgdnv ag`cos tmgt mgqn n`nvend iqnv tmn

sngvr9 Agtn`g Fne~` vnzocnr r~zzivtnd

fs mnv m~rfgld gld glitmnv z~vn tnlglt/

Gfd~o @gonh/ &Rcv gens gbmmcog` hgòg

`gcsg/ imil icbmmc hvcrmgh `gcsg,&-Rcv/ C ugr

g `gcd rnvqglt/ liu C g` g agv`nv#,

Rnbild/ &nhmil cbmmg hivon rmiztgmn d~ctcldcl `gbmm hmgctn zgvc/ gens cbmmg tmghoni hmgctn

zgvc lgc,&-Liu/ ca un ucrm/ un bgl ngt acrm

tucbn g unnh/ ngvocnv bi~od lit dnrzctn tmn

dnrcvn#,

Tmcvd/ &gens g`gdnv evgg`ns fiveg zgig

kgctilg hgvil airmio mictilg gfile g`vg hmivibmhivtni zgvtg`lg, Nhmil fmgoi airmio dnchmg

`gochnvg emiivn ki`c dnsgv kicllg, Gv g`vg

bmcltg hivtnbmmc gvi fiveg lc`~ hc lc`~lg,&

-Cl tmn zgrt/ tmnvn ugr g rbgvbcts ia vnltnd

ogld gr bvizr agcond gld un/ tmn ziiv/

bi~od mgvdos fngv tmn birtr ia vgcrcle

i~tz~tr, Liu rnncle tmn scnod vgtn avi`

wiid w~gocts rnndr/ iulnvr gvn v~llcle

gatnv ~r gld grhcle ~r ti tcoo tmncv ogld, Un

gvn tmclhcle umntmnv ti vnlt cl ìvn iv

lit#,

Tmn zgvtcbczgltr ia RMCZ cl Rvnnz~v

qcoogen umi gvn ìrtos ziiv/ anno tmgt tmn

clbvngrnd scnod gld tmn aiid rnb~vcts tmgt

vnr~otnd ti g vnd~bnd w~gltcts dnznld il

LEIr, Tmns fnocnqn tmns bgl rgqn gt ongrt

Th, 2:: znv fcemg avi` tmn nbili`cb ~rn

ia rnndr/ rnndocler gld fs qnvs octton ~rn ia

clrnbtcbcdnr, Tmcr mgr fnnl r~zzivtnd fs

tmn k~dcbci~r ~rn ia anvtcocrnvr, Goo ia tmnrndnqnoiz`nltr bg`n avi` tmn tvgclcle il

rnnd mngotm, Tmn bgrm birt lnndnd ti

b~otcqgtn iln fcemg uctm FVVC dmgl6=

bi`nr boirn ti Th, 2:: c`zoscle tmgt

tmnvn cr li lnnd ti rngvbm aiv bvndct

ri~vbnr,

Agtn`g Fne~` gld Rgo`g Hmgt~l/ fitm

ucqnr ia z~vn tnlglt agv`nvr gougsr mgqn

r`conr umcon tgohcle, Tmns qcrct acnodr

ibbgrcilgoos k~rt ti rnn aiv tmn`rnoqnr tmni~tz~t ia tmn mgvd ogfi~v tmns z~t clti

rnnd mngotm gbtcqctcnr, &Fivioihnv fi~vg

`gtmns kgslg hgvil divhgv lgc, G`vg eivcf,

Eivcfnv fi~vg `gtmns lg enon hc bmion9&-Ucqnr

ia vcbm agv`nvr di lit qcrct acnodr gr tmns

di lit lnnd ti, Un gvn ziiv, Un `~rt

qcrct acnodr#,

C ugr tiod tmgt tmncv m~rfgldr liu gougsr

dcrb~rr rnndr gld gevcb~ot~vgo zvgbtcbnr

uctm tmn`, Tmns mgqn ìqnd avi` aiiddnacbct ti aiid r~vzo~r mi~rnmiodr,

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,6


14/88

Rnnd gld Ncd

&Ums di si~ og~em ri `~bm umcontgohcle&9 un grhnd tmn` rnncle tmncvmgzzs agbnr, &Bmgv firiv gens gcon gc mgrmcdnmtnl lg Rcv, Eiti bmgv fibmmiv dmicvg ncd-ncdfmgf,& -Si~ ui~od lit mgqn litcbnd gr`con il i~v agbnr mgd si~ qcrctnd ~r ai~vsngvr gei, Aiv tmn ogrt ai~v sngvr un mgqngougsr fnnl cl g anrtcqn ìid#,

Ocemt gt tmn nld ia t~llno

Tmnvn gvn/ gd`cttndos/ `gls zviziivzviknbtr cl Fgleogdnrm f~t litmcle rnn`rti ri~ld ìvn avcnldos ti tmn ziiv tmglRMCZ, Rnnd `glgen`nlt mgd lnqnv fnnlgl c`zivtglt r~fknbt aiv dcrb~rrcilr cltmn geniod b~ot~vgo zvgbtcbnr, F~t aivdnbgdnr/ agv`nvr mgqn fnnl viffnd ia7:. ia tmn i~tz~t d~n ti oiu w~goctsrnnd, Liu tmn tvgclcle avi` RMCZ mgrnlgfond agv`nvr ti zvnrnvqn rnndr cl grbcnltcacb `gllnv, Gr g vnr~ot/ i~tz~t mgrvcrnl fs 7:76 . znv ~lct ia ogld, Aiv tmnvnri~vbnziiv agv`nvr/ tmn clbvngrnd scnod`nglt g oit, Acvrt/ ct clbvngrnd aiid

rnb~vcts ti tmn mi~rnmiod, Rnbild/ ctnlgfond w~gocts rnnd aiv rgonr gt 57:.mcemnv zvcbn tmgl itmnv ri~vbnr ia rnndr

cl tmn `gvhnt, Gld aclgoos/ tmn vnri~vbn

rgqcler/ ti tmn t~ln ia Th, 2::4/::: znv

22 dnbc`gor il gbbi~lt ia eiid

`glgen`nlt/ zgqnd ugsr aiv g fnttnv

ocqcle, Tmn bmicbnr `gdn fs tmn tvgclnd

agv`nvr/ ìrtos ziiv ilnr/ n}zgldnd,Tmns mgqn clbvngrnd tmn w~gltcts ia aiid

cltghn/ gvn ìqcle tiugvdr fnttnv w~gocts

aiid/ fnttnv mi~rcle gld boitmcle gld

ìrt c`zivtglt ia goo/ dnqitcle g zgvt ia

tmn clbvngrnd clbi`n tiugvdr nd~bgtcle

bmcodvnl, Goo tmnrn unvn `nvn dvng`r k~rt

ai~v sngvr gei,

Avi` bivlnv-ti-bnltnv

Tmncv zvid~btcil gld aiid nltcton`nltunlt ~z gld/ gt tmn rg`n tc`n/ tmncv rnt ia

bmicbnr n}zgldnd, Uctmcl g rzgl ia ai~vsngvr/ tmns ìqnd gugs avi` g rct~gtcil ia

%bivlnv% rio~tcil ti g zirctcil ia%tglenlbs% rio~tcil, Tmns bgl liu f~s vcbn

gr unoo gr lil-vcbn bi`ìdctcnr, Tvgclcletmgt nlegend fitm `nl gld ui`nl mnoznd

vgcrn i~tz~t r~frtgltcgoos ti z~t tmn

ziivnrt ia tmn ziiv cl g qcoogen il gl

nqnl hnno, Ti `n/ ri`n dnqnoiz`nlt grnrzi~rnd fs G`gvtgsg Rnl rnn`r ti mgqnmgzznlnd cl tmgt qcoogen,


R~eenrtnd bctgtcil;

Fgsnr/ G, 6::5, Tnbmlioies/ nltcton`nltr gld avnndi` ia bmicbn, Cl; @geiv/ L, Z,/ Rgogm~ddcl/ G,/ Mgw~n/ @,/

Fcrugr/ T, H, gld Fgllnv`gl/ @,/ ndctivr, ZNTVVG - gl n}znvc`nlt cl zviziiv gevcb~ot~vgo vnrngvbm,

Ziocbs fvcnar li, 2,6, Dmghg -Fgleogdnrm#; Ziqnvts Noc`clgtcil Tmvi~em Vcbn Vnrngvbm Grrcrtglbn Zviknbt/

Cltnvlgtcilgo Vcbn Vnrngvbm Clrtct~tn, 4 z,

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,6


15/88

Tmn @coonllc~` Eigo ti mgoqn n}tvn`n

ziqnvts uivoducdn fs 6:7> vnw~cvnr g

fnttnv ~ldnvrtgldcle ia tmn zirrcfon n}ct

vi~tnr avi` ziqnvts, Cl Fgleogdnrm/ umnvn

ziqnvts cr agoocle roiuos gt ilos 7. g sngv/

tmn lnnd ti gbbnonvgtn evgd~gtcil avi`

ziqnvts cr gb~tn, Snt umcon un hliu g oit

gfi~t ziqnvts ctrnoa gld umgt hnnzr znizonziiv/ un hliu `~bm onrr gfi~t ìqn`nlt

i~t ia ziqnvts, Umgt rtvgtnecnr di

mi~rnmiodr ~rn ti evgd~gtn avi` ziqnvts

gld umgt agbtivr dntnv`cln r~bbnrr9

Iln ugs ia glrunvcle tmnrn w~nrtcilr crti r~vqns tmn rg`n mi~rnmiodr %fnaivn%gld %gatnv% tmns nrbgznd ziqnvts, G vnbnltzglno r~vqns bild~btnd fs FgleogdnrmClrtct~tn ia Dnqnoiz`nlt Rt~dcnr -FCDR#

mgr rmiul/ aiv n}g`zon/ tmgt mi~rnmiodrtmgt evgd~gtnd avi` ziqnvts fntunnl73==6::6 clbvngrnd tmn rmgvn ia clbi`navi` lilagv` ri~vbnr/ gdiztnd ìdnvlvcbn qgvcntcnr/ gld gbw~cvnd ìvn ogld-Rnl/ 6::2#, F~t tmcr `ntmid gori ongqnrri`n w~nrtcilr ~lglrunvnd, Evgd~gtcilcr lit k~rt g ziclt ia gvvcqgo glddnzgvt~vn/ f~t g zvibnrr, Miu dcdmi~rnmiodr cdnltcas rtvgtnecnr aivevgd~gtcil9 Miu dcd tmns rnw~nlbn tmnrn

rtvgtnecnr9 Miu dcd tmns bizn uctmrmibhr9 Miu dcd tmns r~bbnnd umnvnitmnvr agcond9 W~nrtcilr ochn tmnrn vnw~cvng w~goctgtcqn gzzvigbm tmgt n}zoivnr tmnbi`zon}cts ia mi~rnmiod dnbcrcil `ghcletmgt r~bbnrra~oos vnr~otnd cl g zgtmugsavi` ziqnvts,

Tmcr ziocbs fvcna i~toclnr vnr~otr avi` gw~goctgtcqn rt~ds ia miu mi~rnmiodrevgd~gtn avi` ziqnvts cl Fgleogdnrm, Tmn

rt~ds ugr ond fs tmn Lgt~vgo Vnri~vbnr

Clrtct~tn -LVC#^H uctm oibgozgvtlnvrmczr avi` FVVC/ FGVD/ gldVDG, ^lochn tmn FCDR zglno r~vqns/ tmnrt~ds ugr lit dnrcelnd ti ecqn vnr~otr tmgt unvn lgtcilgoos vnzvnrnltgtcqn iv g acv`fgrcr aiv ziocbs vnbi``nldgtcilr, Clrtngd/tmn ifknbtcqn ugr ti bi`zon`nlt tmn

w~gltctgtcqn dgtg avi` tmn zglno r~vqns fszviqcdcle clrcemtr il tmn zvibnrr iaevgd~gtcil avi` clrcdn tmn mi~rnmiod,

Dgtg gld `ntmidr

Vnrngvbm ugr bild~btnd cl tmvnn qcoogenr-gori r~vqnsnd fs tmn zglno r~vqns# tmgt

unvn rnonbtnd aiv dcaanvnlbnr cl gbbnrr tilnu vcbn tnbmlioies/ gevinbirsrtn`/ gldclavgrtv~bt~vn -Tgfon 7#,

Acnod vnrngvbm tiih iln sngv gld clbo~dndrctn bmgvgbtnvcrgtcil ~rcle zgvtcbczgtivsv~vgo gzzvgcrgo -ZVG#/ zgvtcbczgtivsziqnvts grrnrr`nlt -ZZG# ti ongvl

qcoogenvr% znvbnztcilr ia ziqnvts gld ziivevi~zr/ gld dntgcond bgrn rt~dcnr ia 2:mi~rnmiodr, Bmglenr cl ziqnvts gvn fgrndil qcoogenvr% iul znvbnztcilr vgtmnv tmglil ifknbtcqn `ngr~vnr,

Tmn ziqnvts zgvgdi}

Roiuos dnbvngrcle ziqnvts

Mi~rnmiodr cl tmn Bi`coog gld Fievg

qcoogenr vnzivtnd g dnbvngrn cl ziqnvts

Ziocbs

fvcna li, 2,2

Gogrtgcv U, Ivv gld F, Gdiozm

Dcrtvcbt

Qcoogen

Oibgtcil

Vcbnbvizzclezgttnvl

Bi`coog

Fmgfglcz~v

V~vgo

g~r -

t, g`gl -

fivi

Fievg

Dgvchg`gvc

Znvc-~vfgl

t, g`gl -

fivi

Fgvcrgo

Dgvcgfgd

Vnìtn

fivi

Tgfon 7

Zgtmugsr avi` ziqnvts; mi~rnmiod onqnozvibnrrnr ia evgd~gtcil



16/88


Bi`coog Fievg Fgvcrgo

Rg`n ^z Diul

:

7:

6:

2:

4:

>:

1:

5:

Ace~vn 6, Ziqnvts dslg`cbrgìle ziiv mi~rnmiodr

6

fntunnl 73==6::6/ tmi~em tmn rmgvn iami~rnmiodr umi rgu tmn`rnoqnr gr %ziiv%vn`gclnd mcem, Tmn n}bnztcil ugr cl tmnFgvcrgo qcoogen/ umnvn ziqnvts rocemtosclbvngrnd -Ace~vn 7#,

F~t mcem vgtnr ia evgd~gtcilBiltvgrtcle uctm tmcr roiu dnbocln clziqnvts ugr tmn mcem onqno ia nbili`cb

ìfcocts gìle mi~rnmiodr tmgt rtgvtndziiv, Ace~vn 6 rmiur tmgt;

Evgd~gtcil avi` ziqnvts ugr lit~l~r~go iv n}bnztcilgo/ uctm tucbn gr

`gls mi~rnmiodr ìqcle i~t iaziqnvts gr fnbi`cle ziivnv,

Evgd~gtcil ugr ucdnrzvngd gld ugr

Bi`coog Fievg Fgvcrgo

Fnaivn Liu

:

7:

6:

2:

4:

>:

1:

5:

=:

Ace~vn 7, Bmglenr cl ziqnvts/ goo mi~rnmiodr

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,2


17/882

lit bilaclnd ti zgvtcb~ogv oibgtcilr ivvcbn nbirsrtn`r f~t ibb~vvnd cl goo tmvnn

qcoogenr,

Tmn zvibnrr ia evgd~gtcil

Bgrn rt~dcnr ia mi~rnmiodr tmgt evgd~gtndavi` ziqnvts vnqngond bnvtgcl bi`ìl

angt~vnr, Ace~vn 2 fvcler tmnrn angt~vnr

tientmnv cl g rbmn`gtcb ìdno ia tmn

zvibnrr ia evgd~gtcil, Ngbm bi`zilnlt cr

coo~rtvgtnd fs vnonqglt w~itgtcilr avi`

mi~rnmiod bgrn rt~dcnr,

Rmgvnd qcrcil

Gt tmn mngvt ia tmn evgd~gtcil zvibnrr crtmn qcrcil ia g fnttnv a~t~vn, Tmcr qcrcil

mgr ti fn rmgvnd fs tmn mi~rnmiod%r hnsdnbcrcil-`ghnvr aiv evgd~gtcil ti fnecl/ont goiln r~bbnnd, Zgvtlnvrmcz fntunnlm~rfgldr gld ucqnr cr c`zivtglt clrnttcle eigor/ gevnncle il ocqnocmiidrtvgtnecnr/ gld il miu `~bm ti rgqn, Zgvtia tmcr qcrcil cr tmn vnbielctcil fs fitmzgvtcnr ia ui`nl%r zvid~btcqn vion clenlnvgtcle clbi`n gld rgqcler,

&Avi` tmn qnvs fnecllcle tmncv ìtcqn ugr ti rgqnri`n ìlns aiv dicle ri`ntmcle fnttnv,&

&Avi` 7331 ilugvd umnl L~v~o Crog` ugr

goìrt agcltcle avi` `nltgo n}mg~rtcil ti`glgen tmn ìlns/ @clgvg Fne~` zvizirnd tivnbncqn ìlns avi` tmn Evg`nnl Fglh,&

&Rmn ngvlnd gfi~t Th, 6>: znv ìltm tmvi~em

`ghcle fg`fii bvgatr gld ui~od rznld ct aiv

nlr~vcle tmncv bmcodvnl%r nd~bgtcil, Rmn fivn goo

tmn nd~bgtcilgo n}znlrnr ia mnv bmcodvnl,&

Rtv~bt~vn

Mi~rnmiod rtv~bt~vn ugr c`zivtgltfnbg~rn rnzgvgtcil avi` itmnv ag`cos

`n`fnvr ugr iatnl lnbnrrgvs aivmi~rnmiodr ti rgqn, Itmnvucrn/ nqnvstmcle

unlt ti r~zzivt tmn kiclt ag`cos, Gìlefnttnv-iaa mi~rnmiodr/ miunqnv/ g kicltag`cos rtv~bt~vn ugr c`zivtglt fnbg~rn ctgooiund tmn` ti ziio vnri~vbnr/ vnd~bntmn lnnd aiv n}tnvlgo mnoz/ gld vnbczvibgtngrrcrtglbn avi` itmnv ag`cos `n`fnvr,

&Mgv~l Fnzgvc ui~od di nqnvstmcle kicltos uctm

mcr agtmnv gld dcd lit rgqn glstmcle ia mcr iul,&

&Avi` 7333-6::: Rgvugv eit aclglbcgo r~zzivt

avi` mcr c``ndcgtn si~lenv fvitmnv @ilcv

fnbg~rn Rgvugv `gcltgclnd tmn umion ia mcrag`cos umnl mcr agtmnv dcnd,&

Rmgvnd

Qcrcil

Rgqcler

Rhcoor

Rnw~nlbn

R~zzivt

Rtvgtnes

Rtv~bt~vn

Ace~vn 2, Tmn zvibnrr ia evgd~gtcil

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,2


18/884

bglgo ~rcle hmgbmc, Mn lnqnv mcvnd ogfi~v, Goo

cltnvb~ot~vgo iznvgtcilr unvn diln fs mc`rnoa,&

&Tmns mgd gl cdng tmgt tmns `cemt entTh, 2:/:::2>/::: rnoocle tmn ogld gld tmnln}t dgs Rmg`r~o Mgw~n unlt ti tmn evg`rg`cts bmgcv`gl gld grhnd mc` aiv gTh, =:/::: oigl,&

Rhcoor

Evgd~gtcle mi~rnmiodr gbw~cvnd lnu

rhcoor tmvi~em gzzvnltcbnrmczr/ ugtbmcleitmnvr/ iv ongvlcle fs dicle,

&L~v~o Crog` mgd fnnl uivhcle gr tmn mnoznv iag `gril uctm a~oo bgvn avi` tmn qnvs fnecllcle

gld uctmcl 15 sngvr mn ugr gfon ti ongvl goìrtgoo tmn uivhr,&

&Umnl mn mgd riod mcr rmvc`z ti %gvgtdgv%-umionrgonvr#/ mn ifrnvqnd gld ongvlt miu tmnumionrgonvr fi~emt gld zvibnrrnd gld umnvn tmnsriod,&

&Cl ìrt ia tmn bgrnr/ mn vnzgcvnd tmn vcbhrmgu fsmc`rnoa uctm tmn mnoz ia g `ghnv, Cl tmcr ugs mnongvlt miu ti vnzgcv vcbhrmgur/ qglr/ gldfcbsbonr&

Rtvgtnes

Ace~vn 4 bogrrcacnr tmn `gkiv ocqnocmiidrtvgtnecnr mi~rnmiodr ~rnd ti evgd~gtnavi` ziqnvts, Iln mi~rnmiod `cemt ~rnrnqnvgo rtvgtnecnr, Lilagv` gbtcqctcnr unvntmn ìrt ziz~ogv rtvgtnes/ aiooiund fsgevcb~ot~vn gld iqnvrngr `cevgtcil,

Qcoogenr dcaanvnd cl tmncv bmicbn iartvgtnes/ vnaonbtcle tmn `c} ia izzivt~lctsgqgcogfon cl dcaanvnlt oibgtcilr gld g%rliufgoocle% naanbt gr mi~rnmiodr bizcndr~bbnrra~o lncemfi~vr, Iqnvrngr `cevgtcil

ugr tmn ìrt bi`ìl rtvgtnes aivevgd~gtcil avi` ziqnvts cl tmn Bi`coog

qcoogen/ umnvngr cl tmn znvc~vfgl Fievg qcoogen lilagv` gbtcqctcnr -n,e,/ vcbhrmguz~oocle# unvn ìvn bi`ìl,

Rnw~nlbn

Rtvgtnecnr ~r~goos aiooiund g rnw~nlbn,

Mi~rnmiodr acvrt tvcnd ti nrtgfocrm g aiidrnb~vcts zogtaiv`/ ~r~goos vnltcle ogld gld

R~zzivt

Anu mi~rnmiodr evgd~gtnd uctmi~t ri`naiv` ia n}tnvlgo r~zzivt, Tmcr tiih

qgvci~r aiv`r, F~rclnrr zgvtlnvrmczr b~tbirtr gld rmgvnd vcrhr, Zgtvilgen ugrc`zivtglt/ umnvn g ag`cos avcnld iv

ungotmcnv vnogtcqn mnoznd rnb~vn g kif aivgl nodnv ril/ zviqcdnd g oigl/ iv gbtnd gr g%fvihnv% cl g f~rclnrr dngo, Zgtvilgen ugrgori c`zivtglt cl mnozcle mi~rnmiodr bizn

uctm rmibhr, R~zzivt gori clbo~dnd gbbnrr

ti bvndct avi` aiv`go iv claiv`go ri~vbnr,

&Gr mn mgd li aclglbcgo bgzctgo/ mn ugr tmn

zgvtlnv ia glitmnv znvril,&

& Avi` g f~rclnrr ri~vbn/ @v, @gllgl fnbg`ngbw~gcltnd uctm g fce `nvbmglt umirn lnzmnu

ugr g bioilno cl tmn gv`s, Mn bi``cttnd @v

@gllgl ti `glgen g kif aiv mcr ril Lgll~ cl

tmn Fgleogdnrm Gv`s,,, ,&

&Mn tiih g oigl avi` iln ia mcr fvitmnvrclogu

aiv Th, =:/:::, Mn gori tiih g oigl ia

Th, 7::/::: avi` rnqnvgo ia mcr vnogtcqnr, Fs

tmgt oigl Rmgmkgmgl rnlt mcr si~lenv fvitmnv ti

tmn @cddonngrt,&

Rgqcler

Rgqcler tiih dcaanvnlt aiv`r gt dcaanvnlt

rtgenr cl tmn zvibnrr ia evgd~gtcil, Cl tmn

ngvos rtgen/ mi~rnmiodr rgqnd tmvi~em

rtcltcle iv b~ttcle mi~rnmiod n}znldct~vn,

Tmns vn`n`fnvnd tmcr gr g tc`n

ia n}tvn`n mgvdrmcz, R~frnw~nltos/

mi~rnmiodr rgqnd fs `clc`crcle bgrm

i~togs/ aiv n}g`zon fs gqicdcle tmn lnnd

ti mcvn ogfi~v, Cl ogtnv rtgenr/ mi~rnmiodrtiih aiv`go oiglr ti aclglbn o~`zs

clqnrt`nltr/ f~t aiv fceenv gld

zvnr~`gfos ìvn vcrhs clqnrt`nltr/

mi~rnmiodr zvnanvvnd ti ocw~cdgtn grrntr iv

fivviu claiv`goos avi` avcnldr gld

vnogtcqnr,

&Tmns `clc`crnd tmcr dnacbct fs tghcle iln iv tui

vcbn `ngor g dgs gld ri`ntc`nr fivviucle vcbn

avi` g lncemfi~v,, Mn tmi~emt mn ui~od rgqn

ìlns ngbm sngv aiv mcr a~t~vn,&&Mn cvvcegtnd mcr bvizr ~rcle tcdnugtnv avi` tmn

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,2


19/88>

C`zocbgtcilr aiv ziocbs

W~goctgtcqn clrcemtr avi` tmvnn qcoogenrt~dcnr bgllit fs tmn`rnoqnr zvid~bnziocbs vnbi``nldgtcilr/ f~t tmns `gs

bi`zon`nlt gld vnclaivbn ziocbsvnbi``nldgtcilr dnvcqnd avi` lgtcilgor~vqns dgtg,

Fgleogdnrm%r roiu dnbocln cl ziqnvtsbin}crtr uctm r~vzvcrcleos mcem vgtnr iaevgd~gtcil avi` ziqnvts, Iln cl tmvnnmi~rnmiodr tmgt rtgvtnd ziiv r~bbnndndcl ìqcle i~t ia ziqnvts, Cldnnd/ ziivmi~rnmiodr unvn ìvn ochnos ti c`zviqntmncv zirctcil tmgl ent ziivnv,A~vtmnvìvn/ evgd~gtcil ugr

ucdnrzvngd gld lit bilaclnd ti ilnoibgtcil iv vcbn nlqcvil`nlt, Tm~r/ziqnvts cr lit clnrbgzgfon/ zgtmugsravi` ziqnvts n}crt/ gld ziocbs mgr fnnlnaanbtcqn cl bvngtcle nbili`cbizzivt~lctcnr aiv evgd~gtcil,

Evgd~gtcil bgl fn gbbnonvgtnd fs lnuziocbs `ngr~vnr/ miunqnv, Avi` i~vbgrn rt~ds nqcdnlbn/ tmn zvibnrr iaevgd~gtcil ui~od mgqn fnnl ngrcnv ca

tmnvn unvn rnvqcbnr zviqcdcle `cbvibvndct aiv gevcb~ot~vn -lit k~rt lilagv`

clqnrtcle cl lnu vcbn tnbmlioies, Vnr~otr

avi` i~v `clcr~vqns rmiund tmgt

evgd~gtcil ugr grribcgtnd uctm gl

clbvngrn ia 62 ìltmr cl tmn l~`fnv ia

ìltmr tmgt mi~rnmiodr gtn tmncv iul

vcbn, Tmcr ugr c`zivtglt aiv tmncv zngbn ia

`cld,

&Mn tmi~emt tmgt ca ct bi~od fn zirrcfon ti

b~otcqgtn vcbn mn ui~od lit tmclh gfi~t vcbn,

Gr g vnr~ot/ ct ui~od fn mnoza~o aiv mcr a~t~vn

c`zviqn`nlt,&

&Mn ugr nlegend cl gevcb~ot~vn gr g rmgvnbvizznv

ti nlr~vn aiid rnb~vcts goo tmn sngv vi~ld ri tmgt

mn bi~od fn zrsbmioiecbgoos rtgfon,,, ,&

Mi~rnmiodr rnonbtnd ocqnocmiid rtvgtnecnrtmgt rc`~otglni~ros vnd~bnd tmn lnnd aiv

bgrm n}znldct~vn gld gori egqn bgrm

clbi`n -Ace~vn >#, Aiv n}g`zon/ f~scle

dvg~emt glc`gor ugr g eiid clqnrt`nlt

aiv g rmgvnbvizznv fnbg~rn ct rgqnd tmn

birt ia mcvcle gld gori zviqcdnd mc` uctm

clbi`n umnl mn mcvnd tmn` i~t ti itmnv

agv`nvr, Rc`cogvos/ cvvcegtcil z~`zr gld

ziunv tcoonvr rgqnd bgrm birtr gld ngvlnd

clbi`n, Tm~r/ ocqnocmiid rtvgtnecnr unvnbgvna~oos rnw~nlbnd ti ngrn bgrm aoiu,

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,2

Ace~vn 4, Rtvgtnes aiv evgd~gtcil

Gevcb~ot~vn

Ag`cos rtv~bt~vn

Dcqnvrcacbgtcil

@cevgtcil



20/88

Ziunv z~`z - acrm zildr

Ziunv tcoonv - tcoonv mcvn

Ziunv z~`z - ugtnv rgonr

Biur - coh

Iul f~ooibhr - glc`go mcvn

Rmgvnbvizzcle - vcbn

Dgs ogfi~v - ugenr

Tc`n

Ace~vn >, Rnw~nlbn

Ziocbcnr ti bvngtn nbili`cb izzivt~lcts

`~rt fn `gtbmnd fs ziocbcnr tmgt vnd~bn

q~olnvgfcocts, Gìle i~v bgrn rt~dcnr/

evgd~gtcil ugr avnw~nltos av~rtvgtnd fs

%rmibhr%, Tmnrn clbo~dnd tmn mcem birt

ia naanbtcqn mngotm bgvn/ ogbh ia

znvrilgo rnb~vcts gld tmn dglenv ia

tmnat/ gld ziocbn bivv~ztcil, Uctmi~t

naanbtcqn mngotm gld onego rsrtn`r/evgd~gtcil avi` ziqnvts ugr `gdn

ìvn dcaacb~ot, Ziocbs `ngr~vnr ti

vnd~bn tmn c`zgbt ia tmnrn rmibhr

ui~od gori vnd~bn tmn l~`fnv ia

%tiìvviu%r ziiv% iv tmirn gt vcrh ia

agoocle clti ziqnvts, Cl r~`/ gbbnonvgtcle

ziqnvts dnbocln cl Fgleogdnrm vnw~cvnr gtucltvgbh rtvgtnes tmgt fitm zviìtnr

izzivt~lctcnr aiv evgd~gtcil gld

vnd~bnr q~olnvgfcocts,

Tmn zvc`gvs zgtmugs avi` ziqnvts ugr

tmvi~em tmn v~vgo lilagv` rnbtiv/

f~t tmcr rmi~od lit dntvgbt avi`tmn c`zivtglbn ia gevcb~ot~vn aiv

ocqnocmiidr, Mi~rnmiod aiid rnb~vcts

vn`gclnd g hns ocqnocmiid i~tbi`n/

uctm evgd~gtcle mi~rnmiodr clqnrtcle clogld gld lnu vcbn tnbmlioies, Cldnnd/

gbtcqctcnr#/ gdqcbn aiv r`goo f~rclnrrnr/

tnbmlcbgo gdqcbn il gevcb~ot~vgo

dcqnvrcacbgtcil/ gld il tmn `gvhntcle ia

mcem qgo~n bvizr, Mnlbn/ mi~rnmiodr

lnnd/ lit ilos lnu aiv`r ia bvndct f~t

gori gbbnrr ti hliuonden gld

claiv`gtcil,

Ca izzivt~lctcnr aiv evgd~gtcil n}crt/

ums di ri `gls mi~rnmiodr vn`gcl

ziiv9 W~goctgtcqn vnrngvbm mnozr glrunv

tmcr w~nrtcil, Evgd~gtcil avi` ziqnvts

cr g `~otcdc`nlrcilgo zvibnrr/ gld dinr

lit dnznld il g rcleon/ dnbcrcqn agbtiv,

I~v rbmn`gtcb %5R%% ìdno r~eenrtr

tmgt tmnvn cr li `gecb f~oont aiv r~bbnrr

f~t tmgt goo bi`zilnltr gvn nw~goos

c`zivtglt, Un `cemt nqnl ei a~vtmnv

gld rgs -fivviucle avi` nqio~tcilgvs

fcioies# tmgt r~bbnrr rtn`r avi`

gqicdcle `gls rnzgvgtn zirrcfon bg~rnr

ia agco~vn, Avi` tmcr gleon/ mnozcle

mi~rnmiodr ti evgd~gtn avi` ziqnvts crlit ilos gfi~t ziocbs `ngr~vnr ti

zviqcdn izzivt~lcts/ f~t gfi~t

`ngr~vnr tmgt mnoz ziiv mi~rnmiodr

iqnvbi`n tmn rmibhr gld rtvnrrnr tmgtzvnqnlt evgd~gtcil,

1

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,2



21/885

%Zgvttc`n% agv`nvr mgqn dcaanvnlt lnndravi` tmirn aiv umi` agv`cle cr g a~ootc`n ibb~zgtcil, Tmns gvn ìvn ochnosti fn bilbnvlnd uctm mi~rnmiod aiid

rnb~vcts tmgl uctm bviz dcqnvrcacbgtciliv bi``nvbcgocrgtcil,

c`zviqnd gbbnrr ti ogld ugr goìrt goct`~r tnrt aiv evgd~gtcil, Gr ungotmcnvmi~rnmiodr ìqnd i~t ia gevcb~ot~vn/rzgbn ugr bvngtnd aiv ziivnvmi~rnmiodr ti vnlt ogld, Mi~rnmiodr

bi`fclnd gld rnw~nlbnd ocqnocmiidrtvgtnecnr ti `c} tmn rnb~vcts grribcgtnd

uctm ogld gld tmn dcrzirgfon clbi`navi` lilagv` n`zois`nlt, Gvn un

uctlnrrcle %gl gevgvcgl vnqio~tcil avi`fnoiu% gr ziiv mi~rnmiodr ìqn cltitmn rzgbn qgbgtnd fs `cddon gld ogvenagv`nvr9

Bmglenr cl gbbnrr ti ogld gvn goribmglecle tmn tvgdctcilgo bocnlt fgrn aiv

gevcb~ot~vgo vnrngvbm gld n}tnlrcil,Agv`cle aiv tmnrn lnu nltvgltr crbi`fclnd uctm lilagv` gbtcqctcnr,

VNANVNLBNRnl/ F, 6::6, Dvcqnvr ia nrbgzn gld dnrbnlt; bmglecle mi~rnmiod aivt~lnr cl v~vgo Fgleogdnrm/

Uivod Dnqnoiz`nlt/ 27 -2#; >72>24,

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,2



22/88

R~eenrtnd bctgtcil;

Ivv/ G, U, gld Gdiozm/ F, 6::5, Zgtmugsr avi` ziqnvts; mi~rnmiod onqno zvibnrrnr ia evgd~gtcil, Cl; @geiv/ L, Z,/

Rgogm~ddcl/ G,/ Mgw~n/ @,/ Fcrugr/ T, H, gld Fgllnv`gl/ @/, ndctivr, ZNTVVG - gl n}znvc`nlt cl zviziiv

gevcb~ot~vgo vnrngvbm, Ziocbs fvcnar li, 2,2, Dmghg -Fgleogdnrm#; Ziqnvts Noc`clgtcil Tmvi~em Vcbn Vnrngvbm

Grrcrtglbn Zviknbt/ Cltnvlgtcilgo Vcbn Vnrngvbm Clrtct~tn, = z,


23/88

Tmcr ziocbs fvcna dngor uctm tmn b~vvnlt

rtgt~r ia v~vgo lilagv` -VLA# nbili`s

ia Fgleogdnrm, Ct dib~`nltr tmn bmglenr

ifrnvqnd cl tmn VLA rnbtiv, Ct gori

cdnltcacnr tmn bilrtvgcltr aiv agrtnv eviutm

cl tmcr rnbtiv gld r~eenrtr ri`n ziocbs

`ngr~vnr aiv zviìtcle ct cl Fgleogdnrm,

Tmn fgbhevi~ld claiv`gtcil aiv tmcrziocbs fvcna cr dvgul avi` tmn iaacbcgo

rtgtcrtcbr z~focrmnd fs tmn Fgleogdnrm

F~vng~ ia Rtgtcrtcbr gld acldcler avi` glgtcilgoos vnzvnrnltgtcqn mi~rnmiod

r~vqns bild~btnd fs tmn Fgleogdnrm

Clrtct~tn ia Dnqnoiz`nlt Rt~dcnr -FCDR#

gld tmn Cltnvlgtcilgo Vcbn Vnrngvbm

Clrtct~tn -CVVC#/ mnlbnaivtm bgoond tmn

FCDRCVVC r~vqns, Tmn fnlbm`gvh

r~vqns ugr bild~btnd cl 73=5%==biqnvcle 7/64> mi~rnmiodr avi` 16

qcoogenr cl >5 dcrtvcbtr rnonbtnd tmvi~em g

`~otcrtgen vgldi` rg`zocle `ntmid,

Tmn rg`n mi~rnmiodr unvn r~vqnsnd

d~vcle 6:::%:7 znvcid ti grrnrr tmn

bmglenr cl v~vgo nbili`s d~vcle tmn

73=5%== ti 6:::%:7 znvcid, Tmn 6:::%:7

r~vqns biqnvr g rg`zon ia 7/==:

mi~rnmiodr, Vnrngvbm acldcler unvn

zvnrnltnd gt g dcgoie~n il %Zviìtcle

v~vgo lilagv` nbili`s; cr Fgleogdnrmdicle nli~em9% Tmn dcgoie~n ugr

iveglcrnd fs tmn Bnltvn aiv Ziocbs

Dcgoie~n -BZD# il K~os 7=/ 6::6 gt g

mitno cl Dmghg, Fgrnd il tmn vnrngvbm

acldcler ia tmn Dslg`cbr ia Ocqnocmiid

Rsrtn`r -DIORsr# r~fzviknbt/ tmn

DIORsr Tng` Ongdnv Dv, @gmgf~f

Mirrgcl `gdn g hnslitn zvnrnltgtcil il

tmn b~vvnlt rtgt~r ia VLA rnbtiv cl

Fgleogdnrm, Zvianrriv @, G, Rgttgv

@gldgo/ aiv`nv `n`fnv ia tmn Zogllcle

Bi``crrcil gld Dv, @, Grgd~{{g`gl/

vnrngvbm dcvnbtiv gt FCDR big~tmivnd tmn

itmnv zgznv ia tmcr dcgoie~n, cld~rtvcnr

`clcrtnv @, H, Glugv gld aiv`nv

gevcb~ot~vn `clcrtnv Fne~` @gtcg

Bmiudm~vs gttnldnd tmn dcgoie~n gr bmcna

gld rznbcgo e~nrt/ vnrznbtcqnos, ZvianrrivVnm`gl Rifmgl/ bmgcv`gl ia BZD/ ugr

tmn bmgcv ia tmcr c`zivtglt dcgoie~n,

Clz~tr avi` tmn dcgoie~n zgvtcbczgltr gr

unoo gr avi` tmn vnrngvbm zgznvr gvn

clbo~dnd cl tmcr ziocbs fvcna,

CLTVID^BTCIL@nntcle tmn eviucle lnndr ia enlnvgtcle

zvid~btcqn n`zois`nlt aiv tmn nqnvclbvngrcle uivhcle gen ziz~ogtcil cl v~vgo

Fgleogdnrm cr g aiv`cdgfon bmgoonlen, Tmn

c`zivtglbn ia VLA gbtcqctcnr cl

enlnvgtcle n`zois`nlt gld clbi`nr

d~vcle tmn zvibnrr ia nbili`cb

dnqnoiz`nlt cr ucdnos vnbielcrnd, Cl

Fgleogdnrm/ VLA gbbi~ltr aiv iqnv 4:.

ia v~vgo n`zois`nlt, Tmn VLA rnbtiv

evnu gt >. znv gll~` fntunnl ogtn

ncemtcnr gld `cd lclntcnr, Cl 733>%31/ ctbiltvcf~tnd 21. ti tmn bi~ltvsr titgo

evirr di`nrtcb zvid~bt -EDZ# bi`zgvnd

ti gfi~t 27. fs gevcb~ot~vn,

Tmn VLA gbtcqctcnr clbo~dn gbtcqctcnr

i~trcdn gevcb~ot~vn tmgt clbo~dn ocqnrtibh/

acrmnvcnr gld aivnrtvs, Lil-agv` gbtcqctcnr

bgl fn bogrrcacnd clti tmvnn bgtneivcnr;

c# @irtos `gl~go ogfi~v fgrnd8 cc# M~`gl

bgzctgo fgrnd ibb~zgtcilr8 ccc# Zmsrcbgo gld

m~`gl bgzctgo cltnlrcqn gbtcqctcnr, @irtos

Ziocbs

fvcna li, 2,4

@gmgf~f Mirrgcl

Zviìtcle v~vgo lil-agv`nbili`s; cr Fgleogdnrm dicle nli~em9

Zviìtcle v~vgo lil-agv`nbili`s; cr Fgleogdnrm dicle nli~em9


24/88

`gl~go ogfi~v fgrnd gbtcqctcnr clbo~dnrnoa-n`zoisnd r~frcrtnlbn-ivcnltnd

bittgen cld~rtvcnr/ ugen n`zois`nlt cl

v~vgo f~rclnrr nltnvzvcrnr/ tvglrzivt

iznvgtcil/ gld bilrtv~btcil ogfi~v,

M~`gl bgzctgo fgrnd ibb~zgtcilr clbo~dn

rgogvcnd rnvqcbn cl z~focb gld zvcqgtn

iveglcrgtcilr/ tngbmnvr gld c`g`r/ qcoogen

dibtivr/ gld qgvci~r tsznr ia znvrilgo

rnvqcbnr, Zmsrcbgo gld m~`gl bgzctgo

cltnlrcqn gbtcqctcnr clbo~dn bi``nvbcgotszn v~vgo cld~rtvcnr/ clbo~dcle gevi-

zvibnrrcle/ rmiz-hnnzcle/ znddocle/ zntts

tvgdcle/ `ndc~` gld ogven rbgon tvgdcle/

gld biltvgbtiv rnvqcbnr,

BMGLEN CL TMN V^VGO NBILI@S Gevcb~ot~vn znvaiv`nd vnogtcqnos unoo cl

tmn 733:r, Tmn eviutm ia gevcb~ot~vgo

clbi`nr cr nrtc`gtnd gt 2,>. cl tmn 733:rbi`zgvnd ti 6,1. iqnv tmn 7354-%3:

znvcid, Tmn gbbnonvgtcil ia gevcb~ot~vgo

eviutm mgr biltvcf~tnd r~frtgltcgoos ti

c`zviqnd znvaiv`glbn ia tmn iqnvgoo

nbili`s, Tmn lgtcilgo clbi`n evnu gt

>,2. cl tmn 733:r bi`zgvnd ti 4,7.

d~vcle tmn zvnqci~r tui dnbgdnr,

Tmn gbbnonvgtcil cl tmn eviutm ia

gevcb~ot~vgo clbi`nr/ ugr `gclos il

gbbi~lt ia lil-bviz gevcb~ot~vgo rnbtivrzgvtcb~ogvos avi` ocqnrtibh gld acrmnvcnr

umcbm n}znvcnlbnd r~frtgltcgo clbvngrn clzmsrcbgo i~tz~t/ gr unoo gr gl clbvngrn clvnogtcqn zvcbnr bi`zgvnd ti itmnvgevcb~ot~vgo zvid~bn, Tmn acrmnvcnr clbi`nevnu fs 5,=. znv sngv cl tmn 733:r/bi`zgvnd ti 6,2. d~vcle tmn zvnqci~rtui dnbgdnr, Tmn clbi`n avi` ocqnrtibhgbtcqctcnr zcbhnd ~z cl tmn 73=:r gldbiltcl~nd ti eviu gt g vif~rt vgtn ia5,2. cl tmn 733:r, Ilos tmn aivnrtvs r~f-

rnbtiv evnu gt g ìdnvgtn vgtn ia 2,=.znv sngv, Tm~r/ gevcb~ot~vn mgr fnbi`n`~bm ìvn dcqnvrcacnd tmgl ct ugr gtcldnznldnlbn, Tmn rmgvn ia ocqnrtibh/acrmnvcnr gld aivnrtvs cl gevcb~ot~vgoclbi`nr ugr ilos 6:. d~vcle 7352-%548fs 6:::-%:7 tmns biltvcf~tnd lngvos 44.ti gevcb~ot~vgo clbi`nr,

Tmn iaacbcgo lgtcilgo clbi`n rtgtcrtcbr clFgleogdnrm dinr lit zviqcdn g v~vgo-

~vfgl fvnghdiul ia n`zois`nltclbi`nr, Ri ct cr dcaacb~ot ti dvgu g vnocgfonzcbt~vn ia lgt~vn/ bi`zirctcil gldeviutm ia tmn v~vgo lil-agv` rnbtiv clFgleogdnrm, Tmn FCDR-CVVC rg`zonmi~rnmiod r~vqns cl 16 qcoogenr rmiundtmgt tmn n`zois`nlt cl tmn v~vgo lil-agv` rnbtiv mgr clbvngrnd fs 4,>. znvsngv umcon tmn l~`fnv ia uivhnvrn`zoisnd cl gevcb~ot~vn mgr dnboclnd fslngvos 7,6. znv sngv, Cl 6:::-%:7/ >6. ia

tmn ngvlcle `n`fnvr ia tmn mi~rnmiodrcl Fgleogdnrm vnzivtnd VLA gbtcqctcnr gr

6

Zviìtcle v~vgo lil-agv` nbili`s ia Fgleogdnrm

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,4


25/88

tmncv zvc`gvs ibb~zgtcil gld glitmnv74. gr rnbildgvs ibb~zgtcilr/ umcbm`nglr tmgt lngvos tuitmcvdr ia tmn v~vgo

uivhnvr gvn clqioqnd cl v~vgo lilagv`gbtcqctcnr, Lilagv` gbtcqctcnr gbbi~lt aiv

>6. ia tmn clbi`n cl v~vgo Fgleogdnrm,Iqnv tmn 73=5%:: znvcid tmn mi~rnmiodclbi`n evnu gt 2,=. znv sngv, @irt iatmn eviutm bg`n avi` tmn v~vgo lilagv`rnbtiv -`gclos avi` rnvqcbnr gld tvgdngld f~rclnrr gld v~vgo tvglrzivtiznvgtcilr#, Tmn clbi`n avi` VLAgbtcqctcnr clbvngrnd gt 1,=. znv sngvbi`zgvnd ti ilos 7,4. znv sngv eviutm clgevcb~ot~vgo clbi`nr, Gr g vnr~ot/ tmn rmgvnia tmn lilagv` rnbtiv cl v~vgo mi~rnmiodclbi`n mgr fnnl clbvngrcle qnvs agrt,

HNS DVCQNVR IA VLA EVIUTMTmn `gbvi nbili`cb dvcqnvr clbo~dn ogvenrbgon ocfnvgocrgtcil ia `gvhnt gld tvgdnvnec`n/ vnd~btcil ia tgvcaa gld liltgvcaafgvvcnvr ti tvgdn gld zvcqgtcrgtcil iagevcb~ot~vn c,n,/ clz~t dcrtvcf~tcil/ evgcltvgdn/ ntb, Il tmn itmnv mgld tmn rnbtivgo

onqno dvcqnvr clbo~dn vgzcd rzvngd iacvvcegtcil tnbmlioiecnr aiv vcbn zvid~btcil/clbvngrnd `nbmglcrgtcil ia tcoogen-7>/::: ziunv tcoonvr gld 6:: tvgbtivr

c`zivtnd gll~goos#/ eviutm ia nw~cz`nlt`gl~agbt~vcle -l~`nvi~r `ntgo

uivhrmizr)agbtivs/ clbi`n vgcrnd#/r~zzivt rnvqcbnr aiv agv` nw~cz`nlt-7,5 coocil iulnvr)`glgenvr/ :,51 `coocil

iznvgtivr ia `gl~go cvvcegtcil dnqcbn/ :,71`coocil v~vgo `nbmglcbr/ bvngtnd 77/::: a~oo`glsngvr ia n`zois`nlt#/ clbvngrndtvgdn cl gevcb~ot~vgo clz~tr -4/::: anvtcocrnvdngonvr/ l~`nvi~r vntgco tvgdnvr/ ntb,#/clbvngrnd bnvngo zvid~btcil gldr~frnw~nlt evgcl rtivcle/ tvgdcle/ vcbnzgvficocle gld `coocle ntb, Gevcb~ot~vgodcqnvrcacbgtcil c,n,/ zi~otvs/ acrmnvcnr/ zogltl~vrnvcnr/ ntb, -`gl~agbt~vcle gld tvgdclecl zi~otvs anndr/ anndcle gld vngvclenw~cz`nlt#/ v~vgo tvglrzivtgtcil agbcoctgtndfs v~vgo clavgrtv~bt~vnr/ v~vgononbtvcacbgtcil/ vcrn cl mi~rnmiod clbi`ncld~bnd dn`gld aiv lnu VLA zvid~btr-mi~rn f~codcle/ rglctgtcil/ bgvznltvs/ v~vgornvqcbnr/ ntb,# gld vn`cttglbnr avi`i~trcdn tmn v~vgo rnbtiv,

HNS BILRTVGCLTR TI VLA RNBTIVDNQNOIZ@NLT

Tmvnn tsznr ia bilrtvgcltr/ lg`nos/`gvhnt vnogtnd bilrtvgcltr/ zmsrcbgobilrtvgcltr gld ziocbs bilrtvgcltr oc`ct tmn

2


Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,4

Znvbnltiauivhn

vr

Agv`cle Tvgdn gldf~rclnrr

Rnvqcbnr Gevcb~ot~vgoogfi~v

Lil-gevcb~ot~vgoogfi~v

47

2>

7:

74 7>

67 66

77 77

7=

Ocqnocmiidr; N`zois`nlt fs ibb~zgtcil

7333-%::73=5-==

>:

4:

2:

6:

7:

:


26/88

Ocqnocmiidr; @gkiv ri~vbn ia clbi`n

Znvbnltiami~rnmiod

7333-%::73=5-%==

4543

7:76

71

27

67

74

Agv`cle Tvgdn gldf~rclnrr

Rnvqcbnr Ugen ogfi~v

1:

>:

4:

2:

6:

7:

:


4

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,4

7>.26.

7=.

67.

74.

Lil-vcbnagv`cle

Vcbnagv`cle

Ugenogfi~v

Rnvqcbnr

Tvgdn !f~rclnrr

73=5-%==; R $365 7333-%::; R $7/24=

Lil-vcbnagv`cle

Vcbnagv`cle

Ugenogfi~v

Rnvqcbnr

Tvgdn !f~rclnrr

64.

64.

71.

7:.

61.

Bi`zirctcil ia mi~rnmiod clbi`n

dnqnoiz`nlt ia VLA rnbtiv, @gvhntvnogtnd bilrtvgcltr gvn ogbh ia gdnw~gtndn`gld aiv bilqnltcilgo VLA zvid~btr/gotmi~em tmnvn cr g eviucle dn`gld aivlnu tsznr ia VLA eiidr gld rnvqcbnr,

Tmn zmsrcbgo bilrtvgcltr clbo~dn ogbh iazmsrcbgo clavgrtv~bt~vnr/ nonbtvcbcts/

rtgldgvd nw~cz`nlt gld hliu-miu, Tmnziocbs bilrtvgcltr clbo~dn clgdnw~gtn

bvndct/ cvvgtcilgo tg} rtv~bt~vn/ fcgr gegclrtv~vgo cld~rtvcgocrgtcil, Zvcbcle gevcb~ot~vgoclz~tr)i~tz~t gld bilrtv~btcil `gtnvcgor/gcvavncemt bmgvenr aiv gevcb~ot~vgon}zivtgfon ctn`r di gaanbt VLA rnbtiveviutm, Tmn gfrnlbn ia f~rclnrr gdqcrivsrnvqcbnr aiv VLA rnbtiv nltnvzvcrnr bgl

fn cdnltcacnd ti fn gl clrtct~tcilgobilrtvgclt ti tmn eviutm ia tmcr rnbtiv,


27/88>


Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,4

RTVGTNECNR GLD ZIOCBCNR AIV TMNDNQNOIZ@NLT IA VLA RNBTIV

Tmn eiqnvl`nlt ri agv mgr bvngtnd g

l~`fnv ia clrtct~tcilr r~bm gr tmn

Fgleogdnrm R`goo gld Bittgen Cld~rtvcnr

Bivzivgtcil -FRBCB#/ Mgldoii` Figvd

-MF# gld Rnvcb~ot~vn Figvd -RF#/ ti bgtnv

ti tmn lnndr ia r`goo rbgon gld bittgen

cld~rtvcnr/ f~t tmns gvn clgdnw~gtnos

fgbhnd fs gooibgtcil ia aclglbcgo

vnri~vbnr gld gzzvizvcgtn `glgen`nlt

r~zzivt ti nlr~vn ri~ld clrtct~tcilgo

mngotm, Tmnvnaivn/ ti nlr~vn r~rtgclnd

eviutm ia tmn VLA rnbtiv tmnvn rmi~od

fn gl Clrtct~tcilgo mi`n aiv VLA

gbtcqctcnr, Tmnvn cr g eviucle lnnd iac`zon`nltgtcil ia zvizirgor ia zvnqci~r

zoglr, Tmn Rnbild AcqnSngv Zogl

zvizirnd tmn dnqnoiz`nlt ia V~vgo

Eviutm Bnltvnr cl c`zivtglt `gvhnt

zogbnr, Tmn cld~rtvcnr tmgt unvn rnonbtnd

ti fn zviìtnd gvn `gl~agbt~vcle v~vgo

tvglrzivt nw~cz`nlt gld gevcb~ot~vgo

c`zon`nltr,

Tmn Tmcvd AcqnSngv Zogl zvizirnd ti rnt

~z N`zois`nlt gld Vnri~vbn Bnltvnr gttmn ~zg{cog onqno aiv tmn zviìtcil ia

v~vgo lilagv` n`zois`nlt, Tmn bnltvnr

ui~od mgqn tvgclcle gld dnìlrtvgtcil

~lctr aiv tmn dnqnoiz`nlt ia oibgo bvgatr

gld lnu zvid~bt oclnr, Ct gori zvizirnd ti

rtvnletmnl tmn tnbmlioies dnqnoiz`nlt

gld n}tnlrcil uivh ia tmn FRBCB/ MF/

RF gld tmn Clrtct~tn ia Gzzvizvcgtn

Tnbmlioies -CGT#, G lgtcilgo

biivdclgtcil bi~lbco ugr ti fn nrtgfocrmnd

ti aiv`~ogtn ziocbcnr/ biivdclgtn tmngbtcqctcnr ia qgvci~r genlbcnr nlegend cl

tmn zviìtcil gld aclglbcle ia v~vgo

nltnvzvcrnr gld ti vnqcnu znvaiv`glbn

gld gbmcnqn`nltr ia r~bm genlbcnr,

Tmn ziocbcnr zvizirnd cl tmn Ai~vtm

Zogl clbo~dn; g# gzzvizvcgtn vnaiv` cl

n}bmglen vgtnr gld tgvcaa ziocbcnr ti

vnìqn tmn fcgr gegclrt v~vgo cld~rtvcnr8

f# vnrtv~bt~vcle ia tmn ocbnlrcle rsrtn`

ri tmgt r`goo rbgon gld bittgennltnvzvcrnr bgl fnlnact avi` tmn

rsrtn`8 b# dnqnoizcle `nbmglcr`r aiv

cdnltcacbgtcil ia vngo nltvnzvnln~vr gld

nrtgfocrm`nlt ia g rsrtn` ia r~znvqcrnd

bvndct uctmi~t bioogtnvgo rnb~vcts8

d# cltnevgtcle bvndct uctm tvgclcle gld

tnbmlioies n}tnlrcil zvievg``n8 gldn# bilriocdgtcle tmn iznvgtcil ia FRBCB

ri tmgt tmn oc`ctnd aclglbcgo gld

`glgenvcgo vnri~vbnr gvn lit rzvngd tmclos

iqnv tii `gls zviknbtr, Tmn Ai~vtm Zogl

vnbielcrnd tmn vion ia EIr cl tmn

dnqnoiz`nlt ia rhcoor ia tmn ziiv gld

itmnv dcrgdqgltgend evi~zr tmvi~em

ìtcqgtcil gld tvgclcle gld zvizirnd ti

nlbi~vgen/ biivdclgtn gld cltnevgtn lil

eiqnvl`nltgo iveglcrgtcil -LEI#

gbtcqctcnr uctm z~focb rnbtiv zvievg``nr

aiv v~vgo cld~rtvcnr, Tmnvn cr g lnnd aiv

rznbcacb gooibgtcil aiv v~vgo gvngr cl

liv`go dnqnoiz`nlt zvievg``nr r~bm gr

rnbildgvs nd~bgtcil/ vigd gld itmnv

tvglrzivt lntuivh/ v~vgo nonbtvcacbgtcil/

clavgrtv~bt~vn aiv tnonbi``~lcbgtcil gld

claiv`gtcil tnbmlioies ntb,

Rznbcgo zvievg``nr rmi~od fn og~lbmnd

r~bm gr qibgtcilgo tvgclcle aiv rnbildgvs

rbmiio dvizi~tr/ rtivgen gld zvibnrrcleagbcoctcnr aiv znvcrmgfon zvid~btr/ g aonnt ia

ìdnvl tvglrzivt uctm vnavcenvgtcil

agbcoctcnr,

Tmn Fgleogdnrm Gevcb~ot~vgo

Dnqnoiz`nlt Bivzivgtcil -FGDB# `gs

gori fn vniveglcrnd aiv zviqcdcle tvgclcle

il tmn iznvgtcil gld `gcltnlglbn ia

gevcb~ot~vgo gld lilagv` `gbmclnvs

zgvtcb~ogvos aiv tmn mcem rbmiio dvizi~tr,

FGDB `gs gori nrtgfocrm rtivgen gldzvibnrrcle agbcoctcnr aiv znvcrmgfon

zvid~btr/ gld clqnrt cl dnqnoizcle g aonnt

ia ìdnvl tvglrzivt uctm vnavcenvgtcil

agbcoctcnr/ tmn rnvqcbnr ia umcbm `gs

fn vnltndi~t ti v~vgo tvgdnvr gld

nltvnzvnln~vr,

DCGOIE^N IFRNVQGTCILR

Tmn dcgoie~n ugr zgvtcbczgtnd fscld~rtvcnr `clcrtnv @, H, Glugv/ aiv`nv


28/88

R~eenrtnd bctgtcil;

Mirrgcl/ @,/ 6::5, Zviìtcle v~vgo lilagv` nbili`s; cr Fgleogdnrm dicle nli~em9 Vnzvcltnd avi` BZDCVVC

ziocbs fvcna rnvcnr fs Bnltvn aiv Ziocbs Dcgoie~n, Rnvcnr ndctiv ^, H, Dnf, Dmghg/ 6::6, Cl; @geiv/ L, Z,/

Rgogm~ddcl/ G,/ Mgw~n/ @,/ Fcrugr/ T, H, gld Fgllnv`gl/ @,/ ndctivr, ZNTVVG - gl n}znvc`nlt cl zviziiv

gevcb~ot~vgo vnrngvbm, Ziocbs fvcnar li, 2,4, Dmghg -Fgleogdnrm#; Ziqnvts Noc`clgtcil Tmvi~em Vcbn Vnrngvbm

Grrcrtglbn Zviknbt/ Cltnvlgtcilgo Vcbn Vnrngvbm Clrtct~tn, 1 z,


Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,4


Bmiudm~vs/ aiv`nv aclglbn `clcrtnv Dv,

@, Rsnd~{{g`gl/ aiv`nv gdqcriv ti

tmn bgvntghnv eiqnvl`nlt Gfd~o @~snnd

Bmiudm~vs/ cld~rtvcnr rnbvntgvs Go G`cl

Bmiudm~vs/ Zvianrriv @, @~g{{g`M~rgcl/ aiv`nv rnbvntgvs Dv, Tg~acbn

Nogmc Bmiudm~vs/ Zogllcle Bi``crrcil

`n`fnv Zvianrriv @i`tg{ ^ddcl

Gm`nd/ Dv, Rgkkgd [gmcv/ Dv, Mirrgcl

[coo~v Vgm`gl/ Gfd~v Vif ia

Cltnv`ndcgtn Tnbmlioies Dnqnoiz`nlt

Evi~z -CTDE#/ Dv, Kgmglecv Gog` ia

Fgleogdnrm Gevcb~ot~vgo Vnrngvbm Bi~lbco

-FGVB# gld itmnvr, Zgvtcbczgltr

r~eenrtnd tmgt g rt~ds il dn`gld aiv tmn

zvid~btr gld rnvqcbnr cl tmn lilagv`

rnbtiv ti glgosrn tmn gfrivztcqn bgzgbcts

cl tmn di`nrtcb `gvhnt cr nrrnltcgo,

Tmn cld~rtvcnr `clcrtnv @, H, Glugv

~ldnvrbivnd tmn lnnd aiv nrtgfocrmcle

oclhgenr uctm tmn n}zivt `gvhntr aiv

fiirtcle tmn VLA rnbtiv, Tmn aiv`nv


Bmiudm~vs n`zmgrcrnd tmn lnnd aiv

evgd~gtcle oibgo agv`nvr avi` r~frcrtnlbn

onqno ti g vnogtcqnos fnttnv iaa onqno, Rmn~ldnvrbivnd tmn lnnd aiv g bilbvntn zogl

aiv dnqnoizcle tmn v~vgo lilagv` rnbtiv,

Rmn ifrnvqnd tmgt an`gon uivhnvr/ cl

ri`n bgrnr/ gvn n}zoictnd cl tmn n}crtcle

VLA rnbtiv, Aiv`nv gdqcriv ti tmn

bgvntghnv eiqnvl`nlt gld zvnrnlt

n}nb~tcqn dcvnbtiv ia Fgleogdnrm V~vgo

Gdqglbn`nlt Bi``cttnn -FVGB# Gfd~o

@~snnd Bmiudm~vs ~vend aiv

n`ziunvcle tmn oibgo eiqnvl`nlt fidcnr

clrtngd ia a~vtmnv n}tnldcle tmn gv`r ia

tmn bnltvgo eiqnvl`nlt aiv zviìtcle

lilagv` nbili`s gr unoo gr aiv iqnvgoo

v~vgo dnqnoiz`nlt, Zvianrriv Vnm`gl

Rifmgl ~vend aiv n}zgldcle bvndct

zivtaiocir cl tmn aiv`go fglhcle gldLEI bmgllnor ri tmgt VLA rnbtiv bgl

tmvcqn gt g zviznv zgbn,

BILBO^DCLE VN@GVHRTmn c`zviqn`nlt cl tmn ocqnocmiid ia tmn

vnri~vbnziiv mi~rnmiodr bi~od fn fnttnv

gbmcnqnd tmvi~em agrtnv eviutm cl lil

bviz gevcb~ot~vn tmgl aiv tmn bviz rnbtiv/

fnbg~rn tmn ogttnv cr `~bm ìvn ogldcltnlrcqn tmgl tmn aiv`nv/ gld tmn ogld cr

ri rbgvbn gld ~lnw~goos dcrtvcf~tnd,

Tmn lilbviz gevcb~ot~vn enlnvgtnr

r~frtgltcgoos mcemnv qgo~n gddnd cl zirt

zvid~btcil -zvibnrrcle/ rtivgen gld

`gvhntcle# gbtcqctcnr tmgt bgl bvngtn

izzivt~lctcnr aiv mcemnv zvid~btcqn

n`zois`nlt aiv tmn ogldziiv

mi~rnmiodr, N}zoictgtcil ia tmcr zitnltcgo

ucoo miunqnv vnw~cvn r~zzivt avi` tmn

z~focb rnbtiv aiv bvngtcle gl nlgfoclenlqcvil`nlt8 fs dnqnoizcle v~vgo

clavgrtv~bt~vnr cl tmn acnod ia tvglrzivt/

ziunv gld bi``~lcbgtcilr8 c`zviqcle

tmn w~gocts gld biqnvgen ia rnbildgvs

gld tnbmlcbgo nd~bgtcil8 zviqcdcle

claiv`gtcil il `gvhntr gld agbcoctcnr

aiv tvgclcle cl nltvnzvnln~vrmcz

dnqnoiz`nlt gr unoo gr zviqcdcle gbbnrr

ti aclglbn aiv vnri~vbnziiv mi~rnmiodr,


29/88

CLTVID^BTCIL

Gevcb~ot~vn/ tnbmlioies tvglranv gld

vnri~vbn-ziiv agv`nvr

Aiv `gls sngvr/ vnrngvbmnvr/ n}tnlrcilcrtr

gld v~vgo dnqnoiz`nlt uivhnvr cl

Fgleogdnrm mgqn fnnl tvscle ti c`zviqn

tmn zvid~btcqcts ia r`goo agv` gevcb~ot~vgorsrtn`r cl dnqnoizcle bi~ltvcnr fscltvid~bcle lnu tnbmlioiecnr/ lnu bvizr

gld qgvcntcnr gld clbvngrcle clz~tr, Iatnltmcr mgr fnnl tmn cltvid~btcil ia rcleon

lnu qgvcntcnr gld tnbmlioiecnr cltibi`zon} rsrtn`r, Tmcr gzzvigbm mgr ilos

fnnl zgvtos r~bbnrra~o gld cl ri`n bgrnr

tmn cltvid~btcil ia tmn lnu tnbmlioiesmgr ilos fnnl r~bbnrra~o d~vcle tmn ocan ia

tmn zviknbt cl umcbm ct ugr cltvid~bnd,

Tmn cltvid~btcil mgr gori fnnl dnznldnltil g ogven r~frcds gld r~zzivt rsrtn`

umcbm cr lit r~rtgclgfon, R~bm gl

gzzvigbm mgr iatnl fnlnactnd ogvenvagv`nvr -tmirn uctm ìvn r~frtgltcgo

vnri~vbnr ia ogld gld itmnv grrntr# vgtmnvtmgl ziivnv ilnr, Tmn itmnv c`zivtglt

bmgvgbtnvcrtcb ia zgrt tnbmlioiecbgo

r~zzivt avi` vnrngvbm ugr tmgt tmn aib~r ugr goìrt nltcvnos il `gon agv`nvr fs

vnrngvbmnvr umi tmn`rnoqnr unvn `gon,

Tmn gvngr ia agv` gbtcqcts tmgt unvntvgdctcilgoos tmn di`gcl ia ui`nl

qnentgfonr/ mi`nrtngd egvdnlcle/ r`goo

ocqnrtibh/ zirtmgvqnrt zvibnrrcle gldr`goo nltnvzvcrnr unvn ecqnl octton

gttnltcil,

Tmn lnnd aiv g lnu gzzvigbm;

rsrtn`r/ zgvtcbczgtcil gld ocqnocmiidr

Cl vnbnlt tc`nr/ tmnvn mgr fnnl g

vnbielctcil tmgt r`goo agv`r gvn tmn fgrn

aiv bi`zon}/ cltnevgtnd ocqnocmiid rsrtn`r

umcbm gvn iznvgtnd fs agv`cle ag`cocnr/

tmn `n`fnvr ia umcbm mgqn dcaanvnltvionr gld a~lbtcilr gld gori grzcvgtcilr,

Ag`cocnr r~vqcqn tmvi~em g vglen ia

gbtcqctcnr/ ri`n ilagv` gld itmnvr

iaaagv` gld tmns `cemt nqnl mgqn

g rcelcacbglt clbi`n avi` g lilgevcb~ot~vgo ibb~zgtcil, Tmn zgvtcbczgtcil

ia goo tmn ag`cos `n`fnvr cl tmn vnrngvbm

gld dnqnoiz`nlt zvibnrr gld tmcr

clbo~dnr tmn dnrcel gld c`zon`nltgtcil

ia lnu tnbmlcbgo iztcilr mgr fnnl

vnbielcrnd gr nrrnltcgo ca tmnrn lnu cdngr

gvn ti `ghn g znv`glnlt dcaanvnlbn ti

ocqnocmiidr,

Dcaanvnltcgtcil ia agv`nvr

Glitmnv c`zivtglt dcrtclbtcil umcbm mgrfnnl vnbielcrnd fs vnrngvbmnvr cr tmgt gooagv`nvr gld agv`r gvn lit goo tmn rg`n

gld tmgt ziivnv ag`cocnr/ zgvtcb~ogvos tmirn

uctm `clc`go ogld/ mgqn evngt dcaacb~otcnr

ìqcle i~t ia tmncv rct~gtcil ia n}tvn`nziqnvts, R~bm ag`cocnr mgqn dcaanvnlt

zvcivctcnr gld dcaanvnlt zitnltcgor tmgl

ag`cocnr tmgt mgqn gbbnrr ti ìvn

vnri~vbnr gld tmnvnaivn tmn gzzvigbm ia

vnrngvbm gld dnqnoiz`nlt genlbcnr lnndrti fn dcaanvnlt aiv tmn`, Cl tmn Ziqnvts

Noc`clgtcil Tmvi~em Vcbn Vnrngvbm

Grrcrtglbn -ZNTVVG# r~fzviknbt -RZ#

tmn clctcgo dcqcrcil ia tmn agv`clebi``~lctcnr clti ogldonrr/ `gveclgo gld

r`goo agv`r ugr ti nlr~vn tmgt tmn

dcaanvnlt lnndr ia tmnrn evi~zr unvn

gddvnrrnd avi` gl ngvos ziclt, Ct ugr

vnbielcrnd tmgt tmn dcrtclbtcil fntunnltmnrn bgtneivcnr il tmn fgrcr ia

ogldmiodcle ugr r~fknbt ti ri`n

Ziocbs

fvcna li, 2,>

Dgqcd Ecffil

Avi` tnbmlioiecnr gld nltnvzvcrnr tiìvn r~rtgclgfon ocqnocmiidr



30/886

gli`gocnr -n,e,/ ri`n ogldonrr znizon`cemt mgqn mgd r~frtgltcgo iaaagv`n`zois`nlt umcbm bi~od mgqn `gdntmn` `~bm fnttnv - iaa tmgl glitmnvogldonrr agv`nvr umi mgqn li n}tnvlgo

n`zois`nlt#, Dnrzctn tmcr/ fs tghcle gogven rg`zon ia rt~ds agv`r -6: ogldonrr/6: `gveclgo gld 7: r`goo agv`r cl ngbm ia> rctnr gbvirr tmn bi~ltvs# ct ugr grr~`ndtmgt tmn dcaanvnltcgtcil ia agv`cleag`cocnr cl tmcr `gllnv ui~od mcemocemttmn dcrtclbtcqn lgt~vn ia agv`cle ~ldnvdcaanvnlt bcvb~`rtglbnr,

OCQNOCMIIDR; TMN LNU AIB^R Tmn fgrcr ia ocqnocmiidr glgosrcr cr tmgtagv`cle ag`cocnr mgqn acqn bgzctgo grrntr

umcbm gvn dcaanvnlt aiv nqnvs agv`, Tmnrngvn;

M~`gl; Znizon mgqn rhcoor gldhliuonden umcbm mgqn fnnl egclndavi` `gls dcaanvnlt ri~vbnr zgvnltr/rbmiior gld ocan n}znvcnlbnr,

Ribcgo; Ribcntcnr gvn `gdn ~z ia znizon

umi cltnvgbt cl g qgvcnts ia ugsr gldtmn rtvnletm ia g ribcnts `gs fn k~dendavi` tmn tsznr ia cltnvgbtcilr gldclrtct~tcilr tmgt znizon bgl f~cod ~ziqnv tc`n, Ribcgo cltnvgbtcilr `gs fn

ungh iv rtvile, Cl ìrt ia tmn rt~dsgvngr ia tmn ZNTVVG RZ/ ui`nl%r

biiznvgtcil ugr lit rtvile fnaivn tmnzviknbt fnegl,

Zmsrcbgo; Ag`cocnr mgqn mi~rnr/ glc`go

rmndr/ rtivgen / nw~cz`nlt gld tiior

umcbm tmns f~cod ~z iqnv tc`n, @gls

ziivnv ag`cocnr cl Fgleogdnrm mgqn ti

vnlnu `~bm ia tmcr zmsrcbgo vnri~vbn

il g vne~ogv fgrcr avi` vnlnugfon

`gtnvcgor gr tmns di lit mgqn tmn

aclglbcgo vnri~vbnr ti z~vbmgrn ìvn

d~vgfon gtnvcgor,

Lgt~vgo; Agv`cle ag`cocnr mgqn gbbnrrti ìvn il onrr ogldmiodcler

mi`nrtngd gvngr/ ogld gvi~ld tmcr gld

ogld iulnd iv vnltnd iv rmgvnbvizznd

cl tmn qcbclcts, Tmns mgqn rnndr/ tvnnr/

bvizr gld ocqnrtibh umcbm `ghn ~z tmncv

lgt~vgo vnri~vbn fgrn,

Aclglbcgo; @n`fnvr ia agv`cle ag`cocnr

mgqn aclglbcgo grrntr umcbm gvn dnvcqndavi` ngvlnd clbi`n/ rgonr ia zvid~bn/

ecatr gld rgqcler gld tmnrn gvn r~fknbt

ti ao~bt~gtcilr iqnv tc`n gr g vnr~ot ia

dnftr gld itmnv bi``ct`nltr,

Goo ag`cocnr gvn r~fknbt ti g dnevnn ia vcrhgld ~lbnvtgclts fnbg~rn ia tmncv

bcvb~`rtglbnr/ nctmnv oibgo iv ìvn

vnecilgo, Aoiidr/ dvi~emt gld dngtm `gsfvcle g mcem dnevnn ia ao~bt~gtcil clti

aclglbcgo `glgen`nlt gr ucoo ziiv

zvid~btcil avi` lgt~vgo vnri~vbnr cl

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,>



31/882

ziivnv tmgl gqnvgen sngvr% ungtmnv,

Ag`cocnr r~vqcqn fs tvglraiv`cle tmncvgrrntr tmvi~em tmncv iul rtvgtnecnr ti

zvid~bn dnrcvgfon i~tbi`nr, Ngbm ag`cos ucoo mgqn dcaanvnlt rtvgtnecnr gld tmn

i~tbi`nr ucoo fn dcaanvnlt aiv dcaanvnltbgtneivcnr ia agv`r gld aiv dcaanvnltcldcqcd~gor,

Ct cr tmn vnbielctcil gld ~ldnvrtgldcle ia

goo tmnrn agbtivr fs vnrngvbmnvr gldn}tnlrcilcrtr tmgt mgr zviqcdnd tmn

fgbhevi~ld ti tmn ZNTVVG ocqnocmiidr

RZ,

LNU TNBMLIOIECNR GLDNLTNVZVCRN R^ZZIVTTmn zviknbt mgr iaanvnd ti agv`nvr g ucdnvglen ia tnbmlioiecnr; lnu bvizr/ lnu

bviz qgvcntcnr/ qnentgfonr umcbm gvngdgztnd ti g ucdn vglen ia lcbmnnlqcvil`nltr gvi~ld tmn mi`nrtngd -n,e,/

r~lls zogbnr/ rmgds zogbnr/ iqnv tmn viia/il dnnz fndr#/ av~ct tvnnr/ r`goo ocqnrtibh

-bmcbhnlr/ eigtr/ zcenilr#/ ogven ocqnrtibh

-bgtton#/ acrm cl zildr gld tcdgo bglgor/bi`zirtcle/ bvgat nltnvzvcrn dnqnoiz`nlt-ne, rtiior/ fgtch/ rnucle boitm#, Ngbmtnbmlioies mgr fnnl gbbi`zglcnd fs

tvgclcle ìd~onr gld fs tmn zvi`crn iafgbh ~z r~zzivt -aclglbcgo gld tnbmlcbgo#,

Agv`nvr -fitm `gon gld an`gon# mgqnfnnl gooiund ti bmiirn gr `gls gld

umcbm nqnv tnbmlioies tmns ucrm ti gdiztgld ct mgr fnnl vn`gvhgfon miu `gls

ui`nl mgqn fnbi`n nlegend cl tmcr

zvibnrr, Tmns mgqn fnnl qnvs hnnl ti tvsi~t `gls mi`nrtngd gvngr dnqnoiz`nlt

iztcilr/ qnentgfonr/ r`goo rtibh gld r`goonltnvzvcrn -gevcb~ot~vgo gld lil

gevcb~ot~vgo# dnqnoiz`nlt, Tmcr mgr ondti rcelcacbglt bmglenr cl ocqnocmiidr iaag`cocnr/ bcvb~`rtglbnr/ rtgt~r ia ui`nl

gld bmcodvnl cl tmn ag`cos gld cl tmncvbi``~lctcnr, @gveclgo agv`nvr rnn` ti

mgqn fnnl gfon ti vnrzild fnttnv ti tmnrn

clctcgtcqnr ìvn r~bbnrra~oos tmgl ogldonrriv r`goo agv`nvr,

OCQNOCMIID C@ZGBTR Tmn c`zgbt il ocqnocmiidr mgr fnnlbilrcdnvgfon, Tmn lnu bvizr; mcemscndocle -MS# vcbn qgvcntcnr/ zitgtinr/ ihvg/ntb, mgqn zvid~bnd r~frtgltcgo scnodclbvngrnr iqnv iodnv qgvcntcnr/ g lnu vglenia qnentgfon bvizr gvn liu eviulgoilercdn tvgdctcilgo qnentgfonr gld `glslnu lcbmnr cl tmn mi`nrtngd gvn liu~tcocrnd tmgt unvn lit zvnqci~ros ~rnd,Ricor mgqn fnnl c`zviqnd tmvi~em tmn ~rnia `gl~vn gld bi`zirt umcbm cr liuzirrcfon rclbn tmn cltvid~btcil iaocqnrtibh il zvnqci~ros rtibhonrr agv`r,Agv`nvr% rhcoor gld hliuonden mgqn

clbvngrnd dvg`gtcbgoos/ zgvtcb~ogvos uctmui`nl umi lnqnv mgd gbbnrr ti tmcr hcldia claiv`gtcil fnaivn, Uctm tmn`glgen`nlt ia ocqnrtibh/ tmn rhcoorlnndnd ti qgbbclgtn rtibh gld ti dnuiv`bgtton/ mgqn fnnl gbw~cvnd , Gl c`zivtgltgvng tmgt mgr fnnl zgvtcb~ogvos r~bbnrra~omgr fnnl uctm qnentgfon zvid~btcil/ tmneviucle gld n}bmglen ia zogltr gld rnndrgld tmn dnqnoiz`nlt ia g %rnnd e~gvdcglb~ot~vn% gìle `gls an`gon agv`nvr,

@~bm hliuonden mgr fnnl egclndtmvi~em ongvlcle fs dicle gld fsn}bmglenr ia claiv`gtcil fntunnlagv`nvr gld rnvqcbn zviqcdnvr,

OCLHGENR/ RSRTN@R GLD RSLNVECNR;BSBOCLE/ DNZNLDNLBCNR/

N@NVENLT ZVIZNVTCNR

Avi` g agv`cle rsrtn`r znvrznbtcqn/ tmn

cltvid~btcil ia tmnrn `gls tnbmlioiecnrmgr mgd ri`n zirctcqn naanbtr il tmn aoiurgld oclhgenr fntunnl bi`zilnltr ia tmnrsrtn`, Ocqnrtibh anndr gvn zgvtos eviulgld gori z~vbmgrnd/ ocqnrtibh zvid~bn

ugrtn umcbm cr tvglranvvnd ti tmn bi`zirtzct, Tmn bi`zirt cr tmnl ogtnv rzvngd ilacnodr umcbm `gcltgclr tmn anvtcocts ia tmnrico, Bviz scnodr vcrn gld zvid~bnevngtnv zmsrcbgo r~vzo~rnr umcbm `gs fnbilr~`nd/ riod iv ~rnd aiv aiddnv iv

a~no, Fnttnv and ag`cos `n`fnvr gvnmngotmcnv gld gvn gfon ti uivh oilenv gld

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,>



32/88

uctm evngtnv nlnves tmgl fnaivn, @gls

agv` rsrtn`r liu n}mcfct umgt gvn hliul

gr n`nvenlt zviznvtcnr umcbm gvn i~tz~tr

iqnv gld gfiqn tmn r~` ia tmn i~tz~tr

avi` tmn cldcqcd~go bi`zilnltr, Iln

n`nvenlt zviznvts ui~od fn tmn gfcocts iatmn rsrtn` -cl ctr nltcvnts# ti clbvngrn ctr

iqnvgoo zvid~btcqcts il g r~rtgclnd fgrcr,

Ribcgo rtgt~r cr vgcrnd uctmcl tmn

bi``~lcts gld ucdnv oclhgenr gvn

dnqnoiznd umcbm nlmglbn clbi`n

enlnvgtcle izzivt~lctcnr gld r~rtgclgfcocts

ia tmn ocqnocmiid,

OCQNOCMIID RTVGTNECNR; UI@NL%RVIONR -- UIVH OIGD/ TVGCLCLE/L^TVCTCIL IA AG@COS CLQNRT@NLTR

Ct cr ~ldi~ftndos tv~n tmgt tmn uivh oigdr

ia ui`nl gld bmcodvnl mgqn clbvngrnd gr

g vnr~ot ia tghcle il tmnrn lnu

tnbmlioiecnr, Tmn agv`cle ag`cocnr

dnbcdnd umcbm gld miu `gls

tnbmlioiecnr tmns ui~od gdizt, Iln

bilrnw~nlbn ia tmnrn bmglenr mgr fnnl

gl c`zviqn`nlt cl ag`cos aiid w~gltcts

gld w~gocts gld tmn enlnvgtcil ia

r~vzo~rnr aiv ecatr/ n}bmglenr gld aiv

rgonr, Gr g vnr~ot/ clbi`n mgr clbvngrnd

gld tmn ui`nl cl `gls qcoogenr mgqn

aiv`nd rgqcler evi~zr, Mnvn/ ui`nl

biltvcf~tn Th, 7: g ìltm gld gvn nocecfon

aiv oiglr aiv tmn z~vbmgrn ia ocqnrtibh

-aiv n}g`zon# iv cl tmn clqnrt`nlt ia lnulilgevcb~ot~vgo nltnvzvcrnr,

RTV^BT^VNR; LNTUIVHR GLDR^ZZIVT @NBMGLCR@R

Tmnrn qnvs rcelcacbglt bmglenr mgqn fnnl

fvi~emt gfi~t zgvtos fs tmn qnvs

bilrcdnvgfon clz~tr umcbm gvn vnbncqnd fs

agv`nvr avi` tmn zviknbt, Gt ri`n tc`n cl

tmn a~t~vn tmn zviknbt ucoo zmgrn i~t gld

fs tmgt tc`n tmnvn mgqn ti fn r~zzivt

`nbmglcr`r cl zogbn umcbm ucoo tghn tmn

zogbn ia tmn vionr umcbm gvn b~vvnltos

fncle zviqcdnd fs tmn zviknbt, Tmnrn

clbo~dn; rnnd r~zzos/ aiddnv aiv ocqnrtibh/

qgbbclgtcil/ dnuiv`cle `gtnvcgor/

rzvgscle ia av~ct tvnnr gld gbbnrr ti

anvtcocrnv, Gt tmn ì`nlt tmnrn rnvqcbnr

gvn/ gt ongrt cl zgvt/ zviqcdnd fs tmnzviknbt f~t rtnzr gvn fncle tghnl ti nlr~vn

tmgt agv`nvr gvn gugvn ia umnvn gld miu

ti gbw~cvn tmnrn clz~tr, R~bm `nbmglcr`r

govngds n}crt gld ct cr rc`zos g bgrn ia

iveglcrcle tmn gbbnrr gld dnocqnvs ia tmnrn

nrrnltcgo clz~tr gt tmn gzzvizvcgtn tc`n

nqnvs sngv, Glitmnv gvng umnvn eviucle

lntuivhr gvn c`zivtglt cr cl `gvhntcle ia

r~vzo~r zvid~bn, Aiv `gls ia tmn lnunv

bvizr/ `gvhntr gvn ilos k~rt dnqnoizcle

gld agv`nvr gvn ongvlcle miu gld umnvnti `gvhnt tmn zvid~bn tmgt tmns ui~od

ochn ti rnoo, B~vvnltos f~snvr gvn fnecllcle

ti qcrct qcoogenr cl ivdnv ti z~vbmgrn

zvid~bn dcvnbtos gld ri`n agv`nvr

-m~rfgldr gld rilr# gvn `gvhntcle cl

oibgo `gvhntr gld tiulr,

Tmnrn bmglenr mgqn vnr~otnd cl ui`nl

fnbi`cle ìvn bilacdnlt gld n`ziunvnd

gld tmns liu hliu umnvn ti ei ti iftgcl

rnvqcbnr gld clz~tr, Tmns gvn tmnvnaivnfnbi`cle ìvn cldnznldnlt ia tmn

zviknbt cl tmncv r~bbnrr, Tmnrn gvn zirctcqn

bmglenr cl m~`gl gld ribcgo bgzctgo,

Itmnv c`zivtglt r~zzivt `nbmglcr`r gvn

tmn oibgo rnvqcbn zviqcdnvr - n}tnlrcil

rnvqcbnr/ fitm enlnvgo gld rznbcacb -n,e,/

ocqnrtibh mngotm/ bviz rsrtn`r# - umcbm

gvn zviqcdnd ti mnoz gls oibgo agv`nvr,

Oibgo bi``nvbcgo cltnvnrtr gvn gori zgvt ia

tmn ucdnv lntuivh ti umcbm agv`nvr gvnfnecllcle ti fn oclhnd,

4

Ziocbsfvcna li, 2,>



33/88

ZVIBNRRNR; RBCNLTCRT GLDN]TNLRCILCRT BMGLENR GLD

ONGVLCLE/ AGV@NV ONGVLCLE/

LNTUIVH ONGVLCLE

Iln litgfon i~tbi`n avi` tmn zviknbtmgr fnnl tmn ongvlcle zvibnrrnr ia tmnlgt~vgo rbcnltcrtr gld n}tnlrcilcrtr umimgqn zgvtcbczgtnd, Tmns unvn ivceclgoosgevcb~ot~vgo evgd~gtnr umi `gclos dngot

uctm `gon agv`nvr gld unvn ilosbilbnvlnd uctm lnu vcbn qgvcntcnr/gotnvlgtcqn acnod bvizr gld bvizzclersrtn`r, Rclbn tmn zviknbt fnegl tmnsmgqn fnnl grhnd ti uivh uctm goo ag`cos`n`fnvr gld ti fn mcemos aon}cfon

cl dnqnoizcle tmirn nltnvzvcrnr tmgtcltnvnrtnd agv`nvr, Fs n}zir~vn ti tmcr

ucdn vglen ia iztcilr gld cl uivhcle uctm an`gon agv`nvr umi mgqn fnbi`nmcemos `itcqgtnd/ zvianrrcilgo rtgaa mgqnongvlnd g evngt dngo gfi~t tmn uivhcler iabi`zon} agv`cle rsrtn`r umcbm mgqn`gls non`nltr - mi`nrtngd bvizr/ tvnnrgld r`goo rtibh/ gvngr gvi~ld tmnmi`nrtngd/ bvizznd ogld -iulnd/ vnltnd/rmgvn bvizznd# gld lilgevcb~ot~vgonltnvzvcrnr, Tmncv nltm~rcgr` gfi~t tmnc`zgbt ia tmn zviknbt cr qnvs nqcdnlt gldtmncv vnogtcilrmcz uctm goo agv`nvr/zgvtcb~ogvos ui`nl/ mgr c`zviqnd evngtos,

Tmncv gfcocts ti bi``~lcbgtn unoo cl gvngrtmgt mctmnvti mgd fnnl bilrcdnvnd qnvsdcaacb~ot gld bilrnvqgtcqn -n,e,/ Lighmgoc#cr qnvs c`zvnrrcqn,

R^RTGCLGFCOCTS; R^ZZIVT RSRTN@RGLD NLQCVIL

book 3: policy briefs - petrra - an experiment in pro-poor agricultural research

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