book 2016

Season ‘## Members 1OFFICE

Book 2016Andrew J Mack

2 PROJECT

How&Whatto Build

From the University of Michigan

3

Thesis for a Master’s in Architecture from the University of Michigan. The premise is an alignment of tectonics and form through ubiquitous building systems.

HOW & WHAT TO BUILD is designed like an old construction manual. Each chapter contains illustrations of construction details for a “model” tract house. Each element of the house is explored in an eccentric capacity so that its ultimate capability may be illustrated. At the limits of these details, the essential “house-ness” of the system is achieved. As the finished house is as ubiquitous as the one under construction, it is the goal if this thesis to enshrine the formal and tectonic applications that a low density single family environment offers.

Thesis SemesterProf. Keith Mitnick

SPRING ‘16U. MICH

4 HOW & WHAT TO BUILD

The suburban tract house is impervious to the rationalizations of urbanists everywhere. The stud frame is remarkable for its accommodation to any design and yet remains remarkable homogeneous. A series of formal maneuvers provide a shortcut to preserving the iconic form of a house while working on it. Meanwhile, a Semperian breakdown of a stud frame illustrates the moments at which the tectonics of frame construction may be operated on.

Punnett and Semper come together to form a matrix on which the different points of the model house are operated on. Combined, each formal maneuver operates on the other and spirals the construction typology to logical and illogical ends.

R - ReorientationS - SubtractionD - DislocationI - Interruption

G-Fo - Ground to FoundationFo-Fr - Foundation to FrameFr-R - Frame to RoofR-S - Roof to Sky

SPRING ‘16 5U. MICH

Directions for How & What to Build

6 PROJECT

SunnysideCity

FALL ‘15 7U. MICH

Queens was conscripted into the service of Manhattan upon the completion of tunnels and bridges across the East River in the Mid-Twentieth Century. Factories and rail yards transformed the sleepy rural hamlet, into the largest borough in New York. One of these projects was Sunnyside Yards.

Sunnyside Yards is the terminus of the Long Island Rail Road, although it has no major station of its own. The yards are a massive pen, used to store and redirect trains. Its impressive length cleaves Queens in two. Stretching east and west, Sunnyside Yards is crossed by 4 large bridges that connect the southern warehouse district to the northern bedroom communities.

Development on the site of Sunnyside Yards has been suggested since its construction. The developments at Hudson Yards and Ground Zero have renewed interest in a project wedding transit and construction. However, the similarities between these sites remain are purely cosmetic. As Queens has grown up around the Yards so have the complications of joining its disparate neighborhoods.

Urban Design StudioProf. Roy Strickland

8

Bridge 1

Bridge 2

Bridge 3

13.500.000 sftBusiness Center

1.500.000 sftNew Residential

CIRCLE

EXPO CITY

Site:222 Acres.35 Square Miles.9 Square Kilometers

YARD LOFTS

INDUSTRY CITY 2

225.000 sftArena

MoMA PS1

4.500.300 sftMixed Use Residential

6.500.000 sftLight Industry

600.000Mixed Use Residential

*Totals in GFA

SUNNYSIDE CITY

Bridge 1:

Bridge 2:

This is a typology driven development. A gradient of use, from small scale residential in the east - to monolithic industry in the west - informs the scale of the various neighborhoods on the site. Each neighborhood is bound to a bridge which defines access to, and across, the site.

The far western portion of the site keys into the neighborhood via a circus that becomes the gateway to the site. Bordered on three sides by MoMA PS1, a new stadium, and business district.

At the narrowest point in the site, north and south converge at the apron of the podium that supports a new residential zone. This neighborhood is accesses by bicycle lanes to the south-west and a bridge facing plaza in the east.

9

Bridge 3

Bridge 4Bridge 5

MED. CENTER

PARKVIEW

THE GARDENS

3.000.000 sftMedical Campus

6.000.000 sftMixed Use Residential

1.500.000 sftResidential

1.000.000 sftResidential

FALL ‘15U. MICH

Bridge 3:

Bridge 4:

Bridge 5:

The center of the site picks up the grid from the city. The adjacent typologies of large single-use warehouses informs the design of loft buildings for light industry.

Podium developments and a medical center reflect the density of the neighboring buildings. The area surrounding the fourth bridge opens onto a park that mitigates the sectional difference between the north and south sides.

A modernist tower-on-park development compliments the residential neighborhood next door. This loose assemblage of buildings creates the gateway to the site through the porosity of the towers.

10 PROJECT

Rendezvous

Rendezvous is a small pavilion designed for the forks in Winnipeg Canada. It is a charred timber stack that houses a fire to warm yourself after a day on the ice. Slowly, ash from the fire, and the structure itself, blackens the snow as people interact with it. This tiny point on the horizon grows with the mirth of the winter season.

Independent competition with Michal Ojrzanowski

SUMMER ‘15 11INDEPENDENT

Mitered lap joint

Countersunk 8 in. bolts at corners

Charred railroad tie9 in. x 7 in. x 96 in. Typical

Artist designed architrave

Railtie benches

Charred fire pit

Cross laid timber foundation

A

A

B B B

A

A

A

A

1/2 in. fire pit ring

7 ft.

- 0

in.

14 ft

. - 0

in.

21 ft

. - 0

in.

3 ft.

- 8

in.

3 ft.

- 8

in.

7 ft.

- 4

in.

14 ft

. - 8

in.

12 PROJECT

TortillaTerrace

SPRING ‘15 13U. MICH

Tortilla Terrace is situated in the sleepy east side of Austin, Texas. This neighborhood is in the throes of redevelopment, spurred along by the establishment of a light-rail train that connects to the downtown.

Such a connection should be a lifeline to the existing working class population of East Austin; instead, as these things go, higher rents are driving out the original residents. Rows of cheaply constructed housing stock is popping up in the wake of the neighborhood turnover to capitalize on this new market.

The objective of Tortilla Terrace is to provide housing that supports alternative rent models to the newer high priced housing. This is accomplished through a mix of unit configurations that support shared rent, live/work, and multi-generational arrangements. Each unit is crafted to meet the demands of public and private life and the seamless sharing of amenities.

Through a marriage of masonry and timber construction Tortilla Terrace is a handsome fit to the sensibilities of the Austin climate. Passive systems of heating and cooling are essential to the ethos of providing a low cost environment and create the backbone of signature architectural chimneys of the project.

Tortilla Terrace is a community development over nearly 5 acres. 10 rows of housing provide a total of 145 units for the young and old.

1 bedroom. (860 sf.) x 96 units2 bedroom. (120 sf.) x 23 units4 bedroom. (1720 sf.) x 26 units

Multiple scales of access insure that the development is both well connected to the new transportation corridor and feels like home.

Design Studio with Michal OjrzanowskiProf. Mick Kennedy

S UNIT x 6C UNIT x 2Z UNIT x 3

S UNIT x 6C UNIT x 3Z UNIT x 2

C UNIT 2 bedroom.1720 sf.

Z UNIT 4 bedroom.1720 sf.

S UNIT 1 bedroom. 860 sf

14 TORTILLA TERRACE

C - UNIT PLAN

The C-Unit plan provides 4 bedrooms in an over-under configuration that suits the growing family, or, like the S-Unit distinguishes between work and life. The most private bedroom on the ground floor provides total discretion in a sublet configuration or for extended family living.

S - UNIT PLAN

The studio unit plan is built around a duel lifestyle arrangement for the single user. One side, the private, is built in masonry and consolidates all the essential functions of life; eating, sleeping, bathing. The other side, public, is frame built to accentuate its openness and provide space for small business or hosting.

15

Z - UNIT PLAN

2 independent living arrangements, with their own stair and bath form the Z shaped unit. Built for assisted living arrangements, both quarters are separate but share a kitchen. The tighter and more discrete quarters within the masonry shell provides the caretaker with their own space but adequate proximity to their charge.

Back Balcony

Passive chimney

Brick wrapped block interior

Stucco wrapped exterior

Chimney

Bath

Wet wall cavity

Seating build out

SPRING ‘15U. MICH

16

Each masonry stack contains all mechanical and environmental systems. Chillers are located at the roof level and force air down to the associated units, sharing a respective meter.

Hot water pump and furnace also located in the mechanical stack and ventilated directly to the exterior.

Passive systems are in place to draw fresh air from ground level and up through a central chimney. Warmed air from the mechanical will augment the chimney effect to increase the passive cooling of the units.

The added height of the chimney tower will increase the thermal mass and also contribute to a low pressure plane over Tortilla Terrace, maximizing the potential for natural cooling.

TORTILLA TERRACE

17

10’ - 8”

20’ - 8”

30’ - 8”

41’ - 3”

46’ - 3”

60’ - 0”

Stack Side Section

SPRING ‘15U. MICH

18

Ground Floor - Typical

TORTILLA TERRACE

19SPRING ‘15U. MICH

View from the Bar

Semi-Private Entrance

Public Stair

Public Courtyard

Live/Work Units

20 TORTILLA TERRACE

Second Floor - Typical

21SPRING ‘15U. MICH

Private Rooftop

Front Door

Stick Build Living

Public Rooftop

Back Balcony

Masonry Living

22 PROJECT

Connected City

FALL ‘13 23OMA

Development in Dallas, Texas is hemmed in by infrastructure that is threatens to choke the city. Between downtown Dallas and the Trinity River Corridor lies a gaggle of highways and underdeveloped land. This zone forms a virtual moat around Dallas severing connections between the city and the waterfront.

By resurrecting existing watersheds and culverts along the Old Trinity River, a new ecological and urban spine is created.

Professional CompetitionProject Architect Lawrence SiuContributions: model, graphics, and concept design

RESIDENTIAL

OFFICE

HOTEL

CAMPUS / EDUCATION

RECREATION

CULTURAL AMENITIES

ENTERTAINMENT / RETAIL

CIVIC AMENITIES

Over and under existing infrastructure.

Revealing the Old Trinity River

An archipelago of program.

24 DALLAS CONNECTED CITY

The levees that surround the Trinity River Corridor are misconstrued as simply necessities of infrastructures. However, the top of the levees are the same elevation as downtown Dallas. New urban zones extend this shared “upper datum” (pink) while the “lower datum” (gold) of Riverfront Boulevard is developed as a revitalized river corridor with civic content.

Design District

GFA 13,735,000 sfLand Area 6,450,000 sf

Avg. FAR 2.12 Max Building Height 180’

Dallas Loop



Basin



Trinity Loop



Valley



25FALL ‘13OMA

Tech Campus

Residential

Main St. Gateway

Trinity LookoutBiofiltration Gardens

Dealy Plaza

Dallas CC

MixMaster

Trinity Lake Club

Maritime Museum

Residential

Entertainment District

Residential

Bridge to DART

26 PROJECT

DePaulStadium

SUMMER ‘13 27OMA

Chicago is a sports town with many storied venues. DePaul University basketball is being brought back into the thick of it. A 10,000 seat arena that keys into the McCormick Place Convention Center will be the new home to the Blue Demons.

The stadium will serve as a convention hall and performance venue between games, and a community center year round. A 500 room hotel will serve McCormick Place and bring an iconic presence to the design.

Professional CompetitionProject Architect Patrick Hobgood Contributions: concept design, model, and plans

RET

AIL

AN

D A

MM

ENIT

IES

CITY

CITY

Community

Hotel

On a tight, urban site with different conditions on each side, standard arena arrangements can’t respond to the demands of the city around them.

Rotating the arena opens-up the corners for hotel, retail and amenities strategically placed to respond to the neighborhood.

Seemingly in opposition, the site’s various uses— arena, hotel, convention center and retail—when strategically combined, allow for synergy between the building and the city.

Community McCormick Place Event Center

= !McCormick Place West

PROPOSAL

Community Arena Hotel McCormick Place West

+++ = ?

PROGRAM

TYPICAL ARENA 1: NO CONNECTION TO CITY PROPOSAL: FULLY CONNECTED

1. 3.2.

Ammenities

Typically, arenas are severed from the city around them by a ring of support spaces and amenities.

programmatically and spatially. The proposed con�guration allows for a permeable arena that adapts to its surroundings both Blocks of retail, arena and hotel program are arranged in an arc arcoss the site, framing a

plaza at the South West and a new multi-functional community space at the North East.

Retail

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL

McCormick

ConventionCenter

Community

Reta

il

"THE FORTRESS" OPEN ARENA

1. Rotation

4. Permeable

2. Synthesis

3. Adaptation

RET

AIL

AN

D A

MM

ENIT

IES

CITY

CITY

Community

Hotel

On a tight, urban site with different conditions on each side, standard arena arrangements can’t respond to the demands of the city around them.

Rotating the arena opens-up the corners for hotel, retail and amenities strategically placed to respond to the neighborhood.

Seemingly in opposition, the site’s various uses— arena, hotel, convention center and retail—when strategically combined, allow for synergy between the building and the city.

Community McCormick Place Event Center

= !McCormick Place West

PROPOSAL

Community Arena Hotel McCormick Place West

+++ = ?

PROGRAM

TYPICAL ARENA 1: NO CONNECTION TO CITY PROPOSAL: FULLY CONNECTED

1. 3.2.

Ammenities

Typically, arenas are severed from the city around them by a ring of support spaces and amenities.

programmatically and spatially. The proposed con�guration allows for a permeable arena that adapts to its surroundings both Blocks of retail, arena and hotel program are arranged in an arc arcoss the site, framing a

plaza at the South West and a new multi-functional community space at the North East. R

etail

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL

McCormick

ConventionCenter

Community

Reta

il

"THE FORTRESS" OPEN ARENA

1. Rotation

4. Permeable

2. Synthesis

3. Adaptation

Synergy between the different programs.

Bridge to Convention Center

28

Entry LevelEvent Level

Concessions LevelBox Level

DePAUL STADIUM

29

Entry Level

Stadium Section

SUMMER ‘13 OMA

30 PROJECT

MBCC

SPRING ‘13 31OMA

The Miami Beach Convention Center is an island within an island. This concrete atoll has expanded twice since its initial construction in the 1950’s, crowding out future development. The goal of the MBCC master plan is to re-urbanize the convention center district, provide new hotel and retail space, and enhance the history of South Beach.

The existing convention center itself will be partially demolished and completely renovated. New ballrooms and an 800 room hotel will be perched on top of the MBCC. By moving upward, not outward, the MBCC achieves a new iconic status in South Beach.

Professional CompetitionProject Architect Jason Long Contributions: convention center concept design and model

32 MIAMI BEACH CONVENTION CENTER

1935 - Golf Course

1987 - Expansion II 2013 - South Beach ACE

1957 - Built 1968 - expansion I

South Beach Arts Culture Entertainment (ACE) is a

team comprised of Tishman Development, OMA, and

Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates.

The original convention center will remain mostly intact, with a new hall added to the West. To the East the residential neighborhoods is extended.

To the south, new cultural and retail buildings activate the space and create a new civic band between the convention center and 17th Street.

33

800 Room Hotel

Ballroom 40,000 sqf.MBCC

Ballroom 15,000 sqf.Hotel

Hotel Terrace and Pools

Solar Roof

Ballroom 60,000 sqf.MBCC

Parking Deck220 parking spaces

Ballroom 10,000 sqf.Hotel

Meeting Room 57,500 sqf.MBCC

Hall A172,500 sqf.

Hall B179,700 sqf.

Hall C148,700 sqf.

Hotel Lobby

MBCC Lobby

Axon

The hotel is perched atop the convention center. However each remains autonomous in terms of program; both posses their own ballrooms and service space.

SPRING ‘13 OMA

34

The master plan reestablishes the area around the Convention Center as a new public amenity for the city, with 28 acres of public open space. To the West and South of the Convention Center, hard-scaped plaza areas provide new civic areas that can also be used as temporary exhibition and spill out or tented spaces for events like Art Basel and the Miami Boat Expo.

GLEASONPlanting: 67,650sfPaths: 42,900sfTotal : 110,550sf

NORTH PARKPlanting: 215,500sfPaths: 141,000sfTotal : 356,500sf

CC DRIVEStreetscape : 17,000sf

MEDIANPlanting: 21,280sfPaths: 14,906sfTotal: 35,615sf

WASHINGTONStreetscape: 16,122sf

PLAZA68,450sf

18th Street (E)Planting: 13,950sfPaths: 32,000sfTotal: 46,000sf

CITY HALLPlanting: 44,450sfPaths: 35,670sfTotal: 80,120sf

Public17.2 acres748,550sf

17th StreetscapeStreetscape 11,250sf

WEST PARKPlanting: 88,710sfPaths: 28,800sfTotal : 117,510sf

42 South Beach ACE

Masterplan

Open Public SpaceStarting with its role as the original Miami Beach Mu -nicipal Golf Course, the site has an important history as an open space within Miami Beach. Our masterplan reestablishes the area around the Convention Center as a new public amenity for the city, with 28 acres of public open space.

Flexible Outdoor SpaceTo the West and South of the Convention Center, hardscaped plaza areas provide new civic areas that can also be used as temporary exhibition and spill out or tented spaces for events like Art Basel and the Boat Show.

Convention Center Drive has been recon�gured as a shared surface road and the tra�c strategy con -�gured to allow it to be closed, creating 60,000 sf of space for events or public programing. In addition to this hardscaped space, a 65,000 sf lawn area pro -vides additional space for functions and events.

At the Convention Center entry to the south, the MBCC plaza provides 70,000 sf of dedicated space free from obstructions that can house tents for large exhibits or other smaller installations for community events. In addition, 45,000 sf in front of the Jackie Gleason Theater can also be used for events.

GLEASONPlanting: 67,650sfPaths: 42,900sfTotal : 110,550sf

NORTH PARKPlanting: 215,500sfPaths: 141,000sfTotal : 356,500sf

CC DRIVEStreetscape : 17,000sf

MEDIANPlanting: 21,280sfPaths: 14,906sfTotal: 35,615sf

WASHINGTONStreetscape: 16,122sf

PLAZA68,450sf

18th Street (E)Planting: 13,950sfPaths: 32,000sfTotal: 46,000sf

CITY HALLPlanting: 44,450sfPaths: 35,670sfTotal: 80,120sf

Public17.2 acres748,550sf

17th StreetscapeStreetscape 11,250sf

WEST PARKPlanting: 88,710sfPaths: 28,800sfTotal : 117,510sf

42 South Beach ACE

Masterplan

Open Public SpaceStarting with its role as the original Miami Beach Mu -nicipal Golf Course, the site has an important history as an open space within Miami Beach. Our masterplan reestablishes the area around the Convention Center as a new public amenity for the city, with 28 acres of public open space.

Flexible Outdoor SpaceTo the West and South of the Convention Center, hardscaped plaza areas provide new civic areas that can also be used as temporary exhibition and spill out or tented spaces for events like Art Basel and the Boat Show.

Convention Center Drive has been recon�gured as a shared surface road and the tra�c strategy con -�gured to allow it to be closed, creating 60,000 sf of space for events or public programing. In addition to this hardscaped space, a 65,000 sf lawn area pro -vides additional space for functions and events.

At the Convention Center entry to the south, the MBCC plaza provides 70,000 sf of dedicated space free from obstructions that can house tents for large exhibits or other smaller installations for community events. In addition, 45,000 sf in front of the Jackie Gleason Theater can also be used for events.

Public Space

Flex Space

MIAMI BEACH CONVENTION CENTER

Flex Space

35

12

4

5 6

8 9

10 11

7

3

1 . Convent ion Center (exis t ing)2 . Convent ion Center (new bui ld)3 . Hotel with Off ice Space4 . Resident ia l5 . Ci ty Hal l (exis t ing)6 . Jackie Gleason (renovat ion)7 . Gourmet Dining8 . Museum of Modern Art9 . Transi t Terminal10 . Parking and Shopping11 . New World Symphony (exis t ing)

Ground Level Master Plan

=Convent ion center=Resident ia l=Civic Amenit ies=Enter ta inment =Dining/shopping=Hotel

0 50’ 100’ 200’ 400’

SPRING ‘13 OMA

36 PROJECT

ColpatriaTower

FALL ‘12 37OMA

Colpatria Tower is designed as a super high-end residence in Bogota, Columbia. The site is surrounded by two urban datums: 5 to 6 story buildings along tree-lined streets, and a sprinkling of taller towers that pierce through the tree line. The building’s mass takes advantage of these two conditions by splitting the building in two main masses.

The top volume hovers above the trees’ foliage, taking advantage of unobstructed views towards the city and the mountains. At the bottom volume, the building’s footprint is sheared, creating two longitudinal gardens that flank its north and south.

Professional CompetitionProject Architect Rami Abou-KhalilContributions: concept design and model

Upper Volume

Concept Models

Concept

Lower Volume

38 COLPATRIA TOWER

Ground Floor Lobby

Low

er V

olum

e

Unit Breakdown

Upp

er V

olum

e

4BR 3BR 2BR

3x

2x

1x

4BR 3BR 2BR

Lower Volume

Upper Volume

39

Floor 3 PlanLower Volume

Section

Each unit revolves around a shaft that brings fresh air into the building and facilitates service to each apartment. An amenity floor occupies the space between the split volumes and provides dinning and recreational space, amongst other programs.

FALL ‘12OMA

40 PROJECT

TheMonuseum

SPRING 2012 41UIUC

Going to school in the middle of the Middle West gives you time to think. Architecture is over the 3 point curve, Corbusier’s 5 rules, and the 9 square house. It is the age of architecture without architects, and it was invented here on the great plains. We gave the world silos, stockyards, and highways; now its time for a redux.

In our age of digitization and mass-customization, everyone is shaping their world. In the most generic pursuit “the quest for individuality”, people are becoming more like themselves (unique like everyone else). In our ever crowded world, we can’t seem share anything. Community, likewise, is being customized. The chat room and fanzine moving people ever and ever into communities of their own design. Is it a bad thing to be ever more pigeonholed? Perhaps not, but when do the modifiers run out on “Caucasian Over-40 SCUBA Enthusiasts for the Continued Use of Print Publishing, LGBT”.

This issue extends from man to his environment. Rem Koolhaas in his essay “Generic City” describes a case of this

modern schizoid tendency. Koolhaas’ cities have an identity crisis, competing with themselves to be both individual/cutting edge and regional/historic. But if his intent is to just let buildings be, better to let people alone too.

GIVE UP! The collective cannot compete with itself in the pursuit for collectivity. In the pursuit of regionalism, the million dollar museum will never compete with the converted one-room-school-house. THINK BIG! As repository for emotions and memories the monument is the answer to unifying the populace. Via experience, rather than content, a monuseum can bring people together.

The Monuseum: familiar and strange, wild and calculated, impressive and mundane, historic and non-contextual. Constructed in the heart of the Midwest, a land most schizoid in its typography. The Monuseum defines collectivity through experience.

Design Studiowith Caitlin HubbsProf. Stuart Hicks

42 MONUSEUM

The Monuseum is understood by everyone. The dizzying repetition of forms challenges one’s perception but perhaps recalls a familiar place or one seen in National Geographic.

Above:Oblique

Ink, charcoal, wash on cotton board

43

This project is a result of a studio focusing on the legitimacy of museums today. Especially as they pertain to an increasingly diversified landscapes, here the Midwest.

Clockwise from Top Left:Section

Ink, charcoal, wash on cotton board

Massing ModelPlaster and acrylic

Plan, Entirety of MonuseumInk, charcoal, wash on cotton board

Plan, Entry LevelInk. charcoal, wash on cotton board

SPRING 2012UIUC

44

BMWGeorge V

SUMMER ‘11 45CARBONDALE ARCH.

Construction documents for BMW flagship store, ave. George V., Paris.Produced within Carbondale Arch. Summer 2011

These documents present one of many options for modifying the normalizing wall-screen which wraps the store’s interior.

46 SUPPLEMENTS

OMAChAD

Concept ModelRubber and Acrylic

OMAColpatria Tower

Final ModelAcrylic with Wood

OMAMBCC

Final ModelAcrylic with

Natural Materials

OMAMBCC

Final ModelResin

OMAMBCC

Final ModelResin

Photo from the OMA Model Shop

47

OMA Facade Detail, 1/2 Scale

Plaster

OMAProject for Brasil

Concept ModelWood and Resin

OMADePaul Stadium

Final ModelAcrylic

OMAProject for Brasil

Concept ModelResin

OMADePaul StadiumConcept ModelResin

SUPER MODELS

48

University of MichiganSunnyside City

Final ModelCedar Wood and Acrylic

University of MichiganTortilla Terrace

Final ModelFoam

University of MichiganThesis - How & What to Build

Final ModelFoam

University of MichiganLove Child

Concept ModelFoam and Urethane Resin

OMADepaul StadiumConcept Model

Foam, Wood and Resin

SUPPLEMENTS

49

University of MichiganModel City, Tortilla Terrace

University of IllinoisMonuseum

Final ModelCork Wood and Gesso

OMABay Grove Miami

Final ModelAcrylic

SUPER MODELS

50 PROJECT

book 2016

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