Bones, Joints, and Muscles

10.1.6.B Identify and describe the structure and function of major body systems.

Types of Bones

• Skull Bones

• Backbones

• Trunk Bones

• Arm and Leg Bones

Skull BonesSkull Bones

Surrounds BrainSurrounds Brain Gives Shape to HeadGives Shape to Head Protects the BrainProtects the Brain Cheek Bones, Part of the Nose and Cheek Bones, Part of the Nose and

Jaw BonesJaw Bones

BackbonesBackbones

Made of 26 small bonesMade of 26 small bones Stacked on Top of Each OtherStacked on Top of Each Other Supports Body Weight and HeadSupports Body Weight and Head Protects Nerves of Spinal CordProtects Nerves of Spinal Cord

Trunk BonesTrunk Bones

Made of Ribs and HipbonesMade of Ribs and Hipbones Twelve Pairs of Ribs Protect the Twelve Pairs of Ribs Protect the

Heart and LungsHeart and Lungs Ribs Connect to Upper SpineRibs Connect to Upper Spine Hipbones Connect to Lower SpineHipbones Connect to Lower Spine

Arm and Leg BonesArm and Leg Bones

Arms and Legs Made of Long BonesArms and Legs Made of Long Bones Hands and Feet Made of Short BonesHands and Feet Made of Short Bones Large, Thick Bones Support BodyLarge, Thick Bones Support Body Palm of Each Hand has Five BonesPalm of Each Hand has Five Bones Fingers on One Hand have 14 BonesFingers on One Hand have 14 Bones

Healthy BonesHealthy Bones

Blood Vessels and Nerves in Center Blood Vessels and Nerves in Center of Bonesof Bones

Blood Contains Vitamins and MineralsBlood Contains Vitamins and Minerals Bones Continue Growing Until Early Bones Continue Growing Until Early

TwentiesTwenties Need Good Diet to Maintain Need Good Diet to Maintain Calcium for Strong BonesCalcium for Strong Bones

JointsJoints

Joints – Place where two bones meet.Joints – Place where two bones meet. 4 Types of Joint4 Types of Joint

– HingeHinge– FixedFixed– Ball and SocketBall and Socket- PivotPivot

Ligament Ligament – Strong, tough fibers which – Strong, tough fibers which hold bones together at jointshold bones together at joints

Sprain Sprain – Condition that occurs when – Condition that occurs when ligaments are stretched and torn.ligaments are stretched and torn.

JointsJoints Types of JointsTypes of Joints

– HingeHinge Allows for movement back and forthAllows for movement back and forth

– ElbowElbow

– FixedFixed Joint that moves very littleJoint that moves very little

– SkullSkull

– Ball and SocketBall and Socket Allows for movement in a large circleAllows for movement in a large circle

– ShoulderShoulder

– PivotPivot Allows bones to move in a twisting motionAllows bones to move in a twisting motion

– WristWrist

MusclesMuscles

Special tissues which move body Special tissues which move body parts and shape the body.parts and shape the body.– Voluntary MusclesVoluntary Muscles

Move when you think about moving them.Move when you think about moving them.

– Involuntary MusclesInvoluntary MusclesWork and move on their own.Work and move on their own.

Types of MusclesTypes of Muscles

Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle– Heart MuscleHeart Muscle

Smooth MusclesSmooth Muscles– Involuntary muscles of your body Involuntary muscles of your body

organs.organs. Skeletal MusclesSkeletal Muscles

– Surround the bone allowing you to move Surround the bone allowing you to move your bones.your bones.

Muscles ContinuedMuscles Continued

Tendon – Tough, white tissue which Tendon – Tough, white tissue which attach muscle to bone.attach muscle to bone.

Contracted Muscle – A muscle that Contracted Muscle – A muscle that becomes tighter and shorterbecomes tighter and shorter

Relaxed Muscle – A muscle that Relaxed Muscle – A muscle that becomes longer and looserbecomes longer and looser

Relaxed Muscle

Contracted Muscle