bonds
TRANSCRIPT
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BondsBy Regina López and Andrea Herrera
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What is a bond?A bond is when two or more atoms are joined together to reach chemical stability.
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What are molecules?
A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms.
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What is a substance?
Substance = matter
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Pure substancesElements: Na, C, K, N, Ne.
Compounds: H2O, O2, CH4, C2H6
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Not Pure Substances
Homogeneous: salt water, gatorade, pepto bismol, coffee.
Heterogeneous: pozole, Chapala lake, salad, milk and cereal.
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What is a compound?
A compound is any substance formed when two or more elements are bonded.
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Covalent BondsA covalent bond is formed between two nonmetals.
In a covalent bond the electrons are shared.
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Covalent BondsCovalent bonds include diatomic molecules of some gases.
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IonWhen an atom gets a charge by either loosing or gaining electrons.
If it looses electrons it will become a positive ion and if it gains it will become a negative ion.
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Ionic BondsIonic bonds are formed between one metal and one nonmetal.
In ionic bonds there is a gain and loss of electrons(The metal looses and the nonmetal gains).
Debatable if they are stronger
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Ionic bonds
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Polyatomic ionsA polyatomic ion is a bond between two or more atoms with a charge.
They are formed by a covalent bond and it can make ionic bonds.
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Polyatomic ionsIn a polyatomic ion the resulting number of electrons and protons is not equal, an ion with two or more atoms is formed.
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Common polyatomic ions
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ProtonsIf the atom has more protons than electrons it means that the atom will become a positive ion.
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ElectronsIf the atom has more electrons than protons it means that it is a negative ion.
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Valence electronsThe valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost layer of the atom.
They determine the element´s behavior.
They are either shared or exchanged.
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Valence Electrons
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Valence electronsMetals usually loose their valence electrons and nonmetals usually gain them in ionic bonds.
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Periodic TableThe periodic table has groups and periods.
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PeriodsThere are 7 periods and they run horizontally.
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GroupsThere are 8 groups (not counting the middle section that has weird-acting metals) and they are vertical.
The group number tells you the number of valence electrons.
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Reactivity
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Electronegativity