types of bonding. there are two types of bonds: ionic bonds covalent bonds

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Types of Bonding

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Page 1: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Types of Bonding

Page 2: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

There are two types of bonds:

• Ionic bonds

•Covalent bonds

Page 3: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

IONIC

BONDING

Page 4: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Ionic Bonding• Occurs between a metal and a

nonmetal• Ionic Bond - Electrons are transferred from one atom to the other

Page 5: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Properties• Ionic compounds have high melting

points (meaning they are very strong)

• Ionic compounds are also very brittle

• Ionic compounds usually dissolve in water (these solutions are good conductors of electricity)

Page 6: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

The Octet Rule

• Octet Rule – atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to acquire a full set (8) valence electrons

• Remember that is the goal of atoms to have the electron configuration of noble gases

Page 7: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Lewis Dot Diagrams• The valence electrons are the only

ones that will participate in bonding so we will concentrate on those.

• In Lewis Dot Diagrams we use dots to represent electrons around the symbol of an element to allow people to see how many valence electrons they have

Page 8: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

An Example:

Carbon has 4 valence electrons:

We use the dots to represent the valence electrons!

C

Page 9: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

• Draw the Lewis dot structures for Li + O

• What is the formula?

Li2O

Li

LiO

Page 10: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Writing Ionic

Bonds

Page 11: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Recap• Ionic bond forms between-

–metal and a non-metal

• Electrons are-

–transferred from the metal to the non-metal

Page 12: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Rules for writing the formula

1. Write the symbol and the oxidation number (common ion), putting the positive charge first.

2. Switch the oxidation numbers, re-write them as subscripts without their charges.

3. Reduce the subscripts if you can.

Page 13: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

EX Magnesium and Oxygen

1.

2.

3.

Page 14: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Transition Metals

• What is their common ion??– It will change depending on the element that

they are bonding with.

• Roman numerals will tell you the oxidation

number. It’s always given to you.

Page 15: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

EX Nickel (IV) and Sulfur1.

2.

3.

Page 16: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Your turn

Write the chemical formula for the following ionic compounds

• Sodium and iodine

• Barium and oxygen

• Potassium and sulfur

• Magnesium and phosphorous

Page 17: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Polyatomic IonsWe have dealt with ions like Na+ or Cl-

…those are monatomic ions (ions consisting of only one atom).

Another important group exists…polyatomic ions. They consist of more than one atom and still have either a positive or negative charge.

Page 18: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Polyatomic ion-

• Names sometimes end in –ate or –ite

**Rules stay the same for bonding but also…

–Treat the ion like a single atom

–Always use ( )

Page 19: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

EX Calcium Perbromate1.

2.

3. Never Change what is inside the ( )-Cannot be reduced because the 4 is inside the ( )

Page 20: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Your turnWrite the formula for the following compounds:

– Sodium and chlorate

– Barium and nitrate

– Ammonium and selenium

– Ammonium and phosphate

Page 21: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Two Types of Ionic Compounds

• Binary- consists of only 2 types of elements (ex: HBr)

• Ternary- consists of more than 2 types of elements (ex: NaNO3)

– These will have polyatomic ions

Page 22: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

How to Name- binary

1. Write the name of the first element from the periodic table

2. Write the name of the second element drop the ending and add –ide

Some examples:

a) NaCl is sodium chloride

b) BaF2 is barium fluoride

Now you try:

c) Al2S3 and d) CaO

Page 23: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

How to Name- ternary

1. Write the name of the first element from the periodic table

2. Write the name of the second group just like it is on the list

Some examples:

a) KNO3 is potassium nitrate

b) MgSO3 is magnesium sulfite

Now you try:

c) CaCO3 and d) NaOH

Page 24: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Exception

• Ammonium, NH4+1

• Examples: NH4Cl and

NH4NO3

ammonium chloride ammonium nitrate

Page 25: Types of Bonding. There are two types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds

Practice Naming CompoundsDetermine if the compound is binary or ternary, then

name it:

1. Li3P

2. Ca3N2

3. KCl

4. NaClO3

5. (NH4)2Se

Binary, lithium phosphide

Binary, calcium nitride

Binary, potassium chloride

Ternary, sodium chlorate

Ternary, ammonium selenide