bonding basics and macromolecules - behs science · microsoft powerpoint - bonding basics and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bonding Basics and Macromolecules - BEHS Science · Microsoft PowerPoint - Bonding Basics and Macromolecules Author: Andrew Created Date: 10/1/2015 9:34:33 PM](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051916/600865d80eff6e440d055dc5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bonding Basics
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Atoms like to bond with other
atoms
•What does that make?
• Molecules and compounds!
•Why is that important?
Examples of common
compounds: H2O, NaCl,
C6H12O6
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•What is a bond?
Bonds?
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Major kinds of bonds
• Covalent
• Ionic
•Hydrogen
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Covalent Bonds
• A bond where atoms share
electrons
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Ionic Bonds
• A bond where one
atom takes an electron
from another atom
• They bond because
they are attracted to
each other
• Opposites attract
• + and -
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So what does all this have to
do with biology
• Bonding makes molecules
•Molecules make up cells and allow cells to
work
• Cells are the functional unit of life
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Lets talk molecules examples
•What is a molecule again?
• Some common examples?
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Macromolecules
• Some molecules are very big
• Made of lots of atoms!
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Macromolecules
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The 4 macromolecules of life
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
•Nucleic Acids
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What do you know?
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Macromolecules are made of monomers
• Monomer- single unit
• Polymer- a chain of many single units
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Carbohydrates
•Monomer:
Monosaccharide
• EX: Glucose
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Carbohydrates
•Monosaccharides can
be linked together to
form disaccharides or
polysaccharides
• EX: Sucrose
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Carbohydrates
• Polysaccharides
• Starch
• Glycogen
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What are carbohydrates good
for?
• Energy storage!
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What are carbohydrates good
for?
•Also used to build structure
• Plants, animals and fungi
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Foods that have carbohydrates
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Protein
• Monomer: Amino Acid
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Protein
• Amino acids can be linked together to form proteins
• Long chains that fold to form 3-dimensional shapes
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Protein
• Some proteins are made of multiple
chains connected together
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What do proteins do?
• Used to build tissues and organs
• Muscles, skin, hair
• Used in chemical reactions of the cell and body
• Control cell growth, transport oxygen in the blood,
communicate from cell to cell, immune system,
Enzymes
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Computer Survey
• Common sources of
carbohydrates
• Which is the best source?
• Common sources of protein
• Which is the best source?
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Nucleic Acids
•What are they?
• EX: DNA and RNA
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Nucleic Acids
•What do they do?
• Store information in cells
• In a code!
• Tells your cells how to function
• Used to transmit information from parents to offspring
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Nucleic Acids
•Monomer: Nucleotide
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Nucleic Acids
• There are 4
types of
nucleotides
found in DNA
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Nucleic Acids
•Nucleotides link to form a long chain
•DNA is made of 2 long chains bonded together
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Nucleic Acids
• The sequence of the nucleotides creates the code
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Lipids
•What are they?
• Fats and oils
• Non-polar: they won’t dissolve in water
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Common Lipids
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Lipids• Do we need lipids?
• YES!
• Used for long term energy storage, insulation, hormones and protective coatings
• Lipids hold more energy than carbohydrates!
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Lipids
• Lipids are an essential part of cell membranes
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Lipids
• Just like everything else, too much of a good thing is a bad thing
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Lipids• Monomer: no true monomer\
• Polymers are made from glycerol with fatty acid tails
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Partner activity
•What are the similarities between the 4
molecules?
•What are the differences?