chemistry review part 2- molecules and bonding. bonding basics understanding basic bonding is...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding
![Page 2: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bonding Basics•Understanding basic
bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and molecules to bind with one another is the basis of functions in our bodies!
![Page 3: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chemistry & BiologyRemember, Without Chemistry…there is no Biology!
![Page 4: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Covalent Bond
•Sharing of electrons between two atoms
•A single bond consists of 2 shared electrons, which occupy the valence shell of both atoms▫Double bond = 4
electrons▫Triple bond = 6
electrons
![Page 5: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Lewis Structures• A line represents 2
electrons, shared in a covalent bond
• Dots represent electrons that are held by only one atom (lone pairs)
• Only valence electrons are shown
• Each atom should have a total of 8 electrons (except H and He which hold 2)
![Page 6: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Guidelines for Drawing Lewis Structures
•Carbons make up core•Add Hs last (they can’t connect anything)
•Remember how many bonds each atom will make (using the periodic table
![Page 7: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
On your Whiteboard Draw or make:C3H8 CH3OH CF2O2H2
![Page 8: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Double/Triple Bonds
•When the molecule has fewer electrons than required to have all single bonds, double or triple bonds may form
•E.g. O2
![Page 9: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Draw and or make:N2 HCOOH HCN
![Page 10: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Polar vs. Non-Polar Covalent Bonds
Nonpolar Polar
•Electrons shared equally
•Both atoms have similar electronegativity (affinity for electrons)
•Neither atom ends up with any charge
• Electrons are not shared equally
• 1 atom is more electronegative (O, F, N, Cl are the usual culprits)
• Electronegative atom ends up with a partial – charge since they have the electron more often
• Other atom ends up with a partial + charge as they are deprived of the electron
![Page 12: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Electronegativity – hunger for electrons
![Page 13: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Water as a polar molecule
![Page 14: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Non-Polar Polar
![Page 15: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ion Formation
•Some atoms more easily give up electrons (1st and 2nd columns) to end up with a full valence shell
•These electrons can be stripped by atoms in the 7th column (need 1 e)
•Forms ions
![Page 16: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ionic Bonding
•Opposites attract!
•Significantly weaker than a covalent bond
•Can also occur between ionic molecules
![Page 17: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
It’s a continuum
Ignore if you’re
overwhelm
ed
![Page 19: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Hydrogen Bonds
•Weak attraction between the partial charges of polar covalently bonded molecules
•In water, between O and H Means partial
![Page 20: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Bonding Determines Properties of MoleculesHydrophobic Hydrophilic
•Mostly non-polar bonds
•No partial charges•No H-bonding or
ionic bonding•Oils, waxes, fats,
rubbers etc.•AKA fat soluble
• Mostly polar and ionic bonds
• Partial and full charges
• H-bonding and ionic bonding
• Exhibit cohesion – stick together
• Salts, sugars, etc.• AKA water soluble
![Page 22: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Properties of Polar Molecules Like WaterCohesion Adhesion
•Sticks to itself •Sticks to other things
![Page 23: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
H-bonds and Ions
•+ and – attract whether they are full or partial charges
•The stronger the charges, the stronger the attraction
![Page 25: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Water dissolves hydrophilic• http://www.north
land.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/dissolve.html
• http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/molvie1.swf
![Page 26: Chemistry Review Part 2- Molecules and Bonding. Bonding Basics Understanding basic bonding is important in biology because the ability of elements and](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e905503460f94b953a3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The hydrophobic effect
•Non-polar do not attract water but water still attracted to itself so water forms a “cage” around the non-polar molecule.