BODY MEMBRANESBODY MEMBRANES HUMAN INTEGUMENT HUMAN INTEGUMENT

CHAPTER 3 and 4CHAPTER 3 and 4

SKIN AND BODY SKIN AND BODY MEMBRANESMEMBRANES

Slide 4.1Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

FUNCTION OF BODY FUNCTION OF BODY MEMBRANESMEMBRANES

LINE OR COVER BODY LINE OR COVER BODY SURFACESSURFACES

PROTECT BODY SURFACESPROTECT BODY SURFACES

LUBRICATE BODY LUBRICATE BODY SURFACESSURFACES

FUNCTIONS OF BODY FUNCTIONS OF BODY MEMBRANESMEMBRANES

• MEMBRANES ARE MEMBRANES ARE THIN LAYERS OF THIN LAYERS OF TISSUE WHICH TISSUE WHICH COVER A COVER A SURFACE, LINE A SURFACE, LINE A BODY CAVITY, OR BODY CAVITY, OR DIVIDE A BODY DIVIDE A BODY SPACE OR SPACE OR ORGANORGAN..

CELL MEMBRANESCELL MEMBRANES

Classification of Body Classification of Body MembranesMembranes

• EPITHELIAL MEMBRANESEPITHELIAL MEMBRANES

– CUTANEOUS MEMBRANECUTANEOUS MEMBRANE

– MUCOUS MEMBRANEMUCOUS MEMBRANE

– SEROUS MEMBRANESEROUS MEMBRANE

• CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANESCONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANES

• CALLING THESE MEMBRANES CALLING THESE MEMBRANES EPITHELIAL TISSUE IS EPITHELIAL TISSUE IS INACCURATE BECAUSE THESE INACCURATE BECAUSE THESE TISSUES ALSO INCLUDE AN TISSUES ALSO INCLUDE AN UNDERLYING LAYER OF UNDERLYING LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CONNECTIVE TISSUE, THEREFORE, THEY ARE THEREFORE, THEY ARE ACTUALLY SIMPLE ORGANS.ACTUALLY SIMPLE ORGANS.

CUTANEOUS MEMBRANECUTANEOUS MEMBRANE• CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE = CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE =

SKINSKIN– A DRY MEMBRANEA DRY MEMBRANE– OUTERMOST PROTECTIVE OUTERMOST PROTECTIVE

BOUNDARYBOUNDARY– SUPERFICIAL EPIDERMISSUPERFICIAL EPIDERMIS– KERATINIZED KERATINIZED

STRATIFIED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUMSQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

– UNDERLYING DERMISUNDERLYING DERMIS– MOSTLY DENSE MOSTLY DENSE

CONNECTIVE TISSUECONNECTIVE TISSUE

MUCOUS MEMBRANESMUCOUS MEMBRANES• UNDERLYING LOOSE UNDERLYING LOOSE

CONNECTIVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE (LAMINA TISSUE (LAMINA PROPRIA)PROPRIA)

• LINES ALL BODY LINES ALL BODY CAVITIES CAVITIES THAT OPEN TO THE THAT OPEN TO THE EXTERIOR BODY EXTERIOR BODY SURFACESURFACE

• OFTEN ADAPTED OFTEN ADAPTED FOR ABSORPTION OR FOR ABSORPTION OR SECRETIONSECRETION

SEROUS SEROUS MEMBRANESMEMBRANES

• UNDERLYING AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• LINES OPEN BODY CAVITIES THAT ARE CLOSED TO THE EXTERIOR OF THE BODY

• SEROUS LAYERS SEPARATED BY SEROUS FLUID

SEROUS MEMBRANESSEROUS MEMBRANESSPECIFIC SEROUS SPECIFIC SEROUS

MEMBRANESMEMBRANES

• PERITONEUMPERITONEUM• ABDOMINAL ABDOMINAL CAVITYCAVITY

• PLEURA AROUND PLEURA AROUND THE THE LUNGS LUNGS•PERICARDIUM PERICARDIUM AROUND THE HEARTAROUND THE HEART

THE INTEGUMENTTHE INTEGUMENT

LARGEST ORGAN IN THE BODY (18-20 FT2). ALSO, THE MOST

EXTENSIVE SENSORY ORGAN OF THE BODY FOR TACTILE, THERMAL, AND PAIN STIMULI.

SKIN IS A CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE

DERIVATIVESSWEAT AND OIL GLANDSHAIRSNAILS

CUTANEOUS MEMBRANECUTANEOUS MEMBRANE

• YOUR SKIN OR YOUR SKIN OR INTEGUMENTINTEGUMENT

• THE SUPERFICIAL THE SUPERFICIAL EPIDERMIS IS EPIDERMIS IS COMPOSED OF A COMPOSED OF A KERATINIZING KERATINIZING STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM. THE EPITHELIUM. THE UNDERLYING DERMIS IS UNDERLYING DERMIS IS MOSTLY DENSE MOSTLY DENSE FIBROUS CONNECTIVE FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUETISSUE

• IT IS A DRY MEMBRANEIT IS A DRY MEMBRANE

SKIN FUNCTIONSSKIN FUNCTIONS• PROTECTS DEEPER TISSUES PROTECTS DEEPER TISSUES

FROM:FROM:– MECHANICAL DAMAGEMECHANICAL DAMAGE– CHEMICAL DAMAGECHEMICAL DAMAGE– BACTERIAL DAMAGEBACTERIAL DAMAGE– THERMAL DAMAGETHERMAL DAMAGE– ULTRAVIOLET RADIATIONULTRAVIOLET RADIATION– DESICCATIONDESICCATION

BASIC SKIN FUNCTIONSBASIC SKIN FUNCTIONSa closer looka closer look

• KEEPS OUT AND INHIBITS THE GROWTH OF KEEPS OUT AND INHIBITS THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMSMICROORGANISMS

• PREVENTS DEHYDRATION OR BECOMING “WATER PREVENTS DEHYDRATION OR BECOMING “WATER LOGGED”LOGGED”

• PREVENTS THE LOSS OF HEAT PREVENTS THE LOSS OF HEAT • REDUCES EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL REDUCES EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL

DAMAGEDAMAGE• SYNTHESIZES VITAMIN DSYNTHESIZES VITAMIN D• AIDS IN EXCRETION OF UREA AND URIC ACIDAIDS IN EXCRETION OF UREA AND URIC ACID• CUSHIONS MECHANICAL IMPACTSCUSHIONS MECHANICAL IMPACTS• PROTECTS FROM ULTRAVIOLET RADIATIONPROTECTS FROM ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION• TACTILE CONNECTIONS TO THE ENVIRONMENT TACTILE CONNECTIONS TO THE ENVIRONMENT • EVERYTHING YOU SEE ABOUT A PERSON CONSISTSEVERYTHING YOU SEE ABOUT A PERSON CONSISTS OF DEAD CELLS.OF DEAD CELLS.

SKIN CHARACTERISTICSSKIN CHARACTERISTICS

• LOW PHLOW PH• CELL ARRANGEMENT- CLOSELY CELL ARRANGEMENT- CLOSELY

PACKEDPACKED• CELL REPLACEMENTCELL REPLACEMENT• KERATIN, FIBROUS PROTEIN THAT KERATIN, FIBROUS PROTEIN THAT

MAKES EPIDERMIS A TOUGH MAKES EPIDERMIS A TOUGH PROTECTIVE LAYERPROTECTIVE LAYER

• TOPICAL CREAMS DEMONSTRATE TOPICAL CREAMS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE PROTECTIVE QUALITIES ARE THAT THE PROTECTIVE QUALITIES ARE LIMITEDLIMITED

STRUCTURE OF THE SKINSTRUCTURE OF THE SKIN

•EpidermisEpidermis•DermisDermis•HypodermiHypodermiss

• ARRECTOR PILI ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLEMUSCLE

WHEN CONTRACTED WHEN CONTRACTED PULL HAIR UPRIGHT.PULL HAIR UPRIGHT.

• VESTIGIAL VESTIGIAL MECHANISM.MECHANISM.

EPIDERMAL LAYEREPIDERMAL LAYER

• EPIDERMIS THIN OUTER LAYER EPIDERMIS THIN OUTER LAYER CONTAINING TIGHTLY PACKED CONTAINING TIGHTLY PACKED EPIDERMAL CELLS AND KERATIN EPIDERMAL CELLS AND KERATIN (WATER PROOFING) COMPLETELY (WATER PROOFING) COMPLETELY RENEWED EVERY 30 DAYS.RENEWED EVERY 30 DAYS.• 5 LAYERS IN THICK SKIN 5 LAYERS IN THICK SKIN (FRICTION SKIN) AND 4 LAYERS IN (FRICTION SKIN) AND 4 LAYERS IN THIN SKIN.THIN SKIN.• STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WHICH CAN EPITHELIUM WHICH CAN KERATINIZE (BECOME HARD)KERATINIZE (BECOME HARD)

SKIN STRATASKIN STRATA

• STRATUM CORNEUMSTRATUM CORNEUM

• STRATUM LUCIDUMSTRATUM LUCIDUM

• STRATUM STRATUM GRANULOSUMGRANULOSUM

• STRATUM STRATUM SPINOSUMSPINOSUM

• STRATUM BASALESTRATUM BASALE

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Skinlayers.png

MELANIN PRODUCED BY MELANIN PRODUCED BY MELANOCYTESMELANOCYTES

• A PIGMENT WHICH RANGES FROM YELLOW TO BROWN TO BLACK PRODUCED BY SPECIAL CELLS CALLED MELANOCYTES WHICH ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR SKIN PIGMENTATION.

• DARKENING DARKENING OCCURS WITH OCCURS WITH INCREASING INCREASING AMOUNTS OF AMOUNTS OF SUNLIGHT.SUNLIGHT.

• PRODUCED BY STRATUM BASALE PRODUCED BY STRATUM BASALE CELLSCELLS

• SHIELDING SUNNY SIDE OF DNASHIELDING SUNNY SIDE OF DNA• DARKER SKIN DOESN’T HAVE DARKER SKIN DOESN’T HAVE

MORE PIGMENT JUST MORE MORE PIGMENT JUST MORE ACTIVE PIGMENTACTIVE PIGMENT

• MOLES, AND FRECKLES OCCUR WHEN MELANIN PRODUCED BY PRODUCED BY STRATUM BASALE STRATUM BASALE CELLS CELLS IS CONCENTRATED

MELANINMELANIN

MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE CONTROLS LEVELS OF MELANINCONTROLS LEVELS OF MELANIN

LIGHT COMPLEXIONED SKIN MOSTLY LIGHT COMPLEXIONED SKIN MOSTLY PRODUCE PHEOMELANIN, WHILE THOSE WITH PRODUCE PHEOMELANIN, WHILE THOSE WITH DARK COLORED SKIN MOSTLY PRODUCE DARK COLORED SKIN MOSTLY PRODUCE EUMELANIN. EUMELANIN. 

MELANINMELANIN

• INDIVIDUALS DIFFER IN THE NUMBER AND INDIVIDUALS DIFFER IN THE NUMBER AND SIZE OF MELANIN PARTICLES.  THE LATTER SIZE OF MELANIN PARTICLES.  THE LATTER TWO VARIABLES ARE MORE IMPORTANT IN TWO VARIABLES ARE MORE IMPORTANT IN DETERMINING SKIN COLOR THAN THE DETERMINING SKIN COLOR THAN THE PERCENTAGES OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PERCENTAGES OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF MELANIN.  MELANIN. 

• IN LIGHTER SKIN, COLOR IS ALSO AFFECTED IN LIGHTER SKIN, COLOR IS ALSO AFFECTED BY RED CELLS IN BLOOD FLOWING CLOSE TO BY RED CELLS IN BLOOD FLOWING CLOSE TO THE SKIN.  TO A LESSER EXTENT, THE COLOR THE SKIN.  TO A LESSER EXTENT, THE COLOR IS AFFECTED BY THE PRESENCE OF FAT IS AFFECTED BY THE PRESENCE OF FAT UNDER THE SKIN AND UNDER THE SKIN AND CAROTENECAROTENE, A REDDISH-, A REDDISH-ORANGE PIGMENT IN THE SKIN. ORANGE PIGMENT IN THE SKIN.

UV LIGHTUV LIGHT

• ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT DIRECTLY ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT DIRECTLY DAMAGES DNA LEADING TO DAMAGES DNA LEADING TO MUTATIONS; SECOND, IT MUTATIONS; SECOND, IT PRODUCES ACTIVATED OXYGEN PRODUCES ACTIVATED OXYGEN MOLECULES THAT IN TURN MOLECULES THAT IN TURN DAMAGE DNA AND OTHER DAMAGE DNA AND OTHER CELLULAR STRUCTURES; AND CELLULAR STRUCTURES; AND THIRD, IT LEADS TO A LOCALIZED THIRD, IT LEADS TO A LOCALIZED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION, THUS IMMUNOSUPPRESSION, THUS BLOCKING THE BODY'S NATURAL BLOCKING THE BODY'S NATURAL ANTI-CANCER DEFENSES.ANTI-CANCER DEFENSES.

• STRATUM BASALE CELLS STRATUM BASALE CELLS PHAGOCYTIZE OR EAT THE PHAGOCYTIZE OR EAT THE PIGMENT. THE MELANIN FORMS A PIGMENT. THE MELANIN FORMS A PROTECTIVE LAYER OVER THEIR PROTECTIVE LAYER OVER THEIR DNA FROM THE DAMAGING DNA FROM THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF UV RADIATION IN EFFECTS OF UV RADIATION IN SUNLIGHT.SUNLIGHT.

SKIN COLOR SKIN COLOR ALTERATIONSALTERATIONS

• REDNESSREDNESS- - REDDENED REDDENED SKIN SKIN

• PALLOR OR BLANCHING-PALLOR OR BLANCHING-PALE SKINPALE SKIN

• JAUNDICEJAUNDICE- - YELLOW SKINYELLOW SKIN

• BRUISESBRUISES- HEMATOMA- HEMATOMA• COLOR OF VEINS COLOR OF VEINS

THROUGH THROUGH

SKINSKIN

INDOOR TANNINGINDOOR TANNING

•DEVELOPING SKIN CANCER LATER IN DEVELOPING SKIN CANCER LATER IN LIFE (UV- B)LIFE (UV- B)

•SUFFERING CATARACTS AND SUFFERING CATARACTS AND RETINAL DAMAGERETINAL DAMAGE

•PREMATURELY AGES THE SKINPREMATURELY AGES THE SKIN

•DEVELOPING ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT-DEVELOPING ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT-INDUCED SKIN RASHES WHEN YOU INDUCED SKIN RASHES WHEN YOU EAT CERTAIN FOODS OR TAKE SOME EAT CERTAIN FOODS OR TAKE SOME COMMON MEDICATIONS, SUCH AS COMMON MEDICATIONS, SUCH AS BIRTH CONTROL PILLS AND BIRTH CONTROL PILLS AND ANTIHISTAMINESANTIHISTAMINES

““VITAMIN” DVITAMIN” D

• EACH OF THE FORMS OF VITAMIN D IS EACH OF THE FORMS OF VITAMIN D IS HYDROPHOBIC, AND IS TRANSPORTED IN HYDROPHOBIC, AND IS TRANSPORTED IN BLOOD BOUND TO CARRIER PROTEINSBLOOD BOUND TO CARRIER PROTEINS

• SUNLIGHT AND SUPPLEMENTAL FOODS SUNLIGHT AND SUPPLEMENTAL FOODS RESTORE VITAMIN DRESTORE VITAMIN D

• VITAMIN D IS A STEROID HORMONE THAT VITAMIN D IS A STEROID HORMONE THAT HAS LONG BEEN KNOWN FOR ITS HAS LONG BEEN KNOWN FOR ITS IMPORTANT ROLE IN REGULATING BODY IMPORTANT ROLE IN REGULATING BODY LEVELS OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS, IN LEVELS OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS, IN MINERALIZATION OF BONE, PROPER MINERALIZATION OF BONE, PROPER FUNCTIONING OF THE THYROID AND FUNCTIONING OF THE THYROID AND PITUITARY GLANDS PITUITARY GLANDS

• FINAL STAGE IS WITHIN THE KIDNEYSFINAL STAGE IS WITHIN THE KIDNEYS

DERMIS “YOUR HIDE”DERMIS “YOUR HIDE”• IS MUCH THICKER IS MUCH THICKER

THAN THE EPIDERMISTHAN THE EPIDERMIS

• FUNCTIONS TO HOLD FUNCTIONS TO HOLD THE BODY TOGETHER THE BODY TOGETHER AND TO SUSTAIN AND AND TO SUSTAIN AND SUPPORT THE SUPPORT THE EPIDERMIS.EPIDERMIS.

• CONSISTS OF BLOOD CONSISTS OF BLOOD VESSELS, NERVE VESSELS, NERVE ENDINGS, LYMPH ENDINGS, LYMPH VESSELS, SWEAT AND VESSELS, SWEAT AND OIL GLANDS.OIL GLANDS.

DERMAL LAYERSDERMAL LAYERS

• PAPILLARY AREAS- PAPILLARY AREAS- LOOPED OR SWIRLED LOOPED OR SWIRLED RIDGE- ATTACHES TO RIDGE- ATTACHES TO EPIDERMAL LAYEREPIDERMAL LAYER

• FINGERPRINTS ARE FINGERPRINTS ARE RIDGES RETICULAR RIDGES RETICULAR AREAS- DEEPEST AREAS- DEEPEST LAYER CONTAIN LAYER CONTAIN PHAGOCYTES, BLOOD PHAGOCYTES, BLOOD VESSELS, SWEAT AND VESSELS, SWEAT AND OIL GLANDS, AND OIL GLANDS, AND DEEP PRESSURE DEEP PRESSURE SENSORS.SENSORS.

• COLLAGEN AND COLLAGEN AND ELASTIC LAYERSELASTIC LAYERS

SKIN APPENDAGESSKIN APPENDAGES• CUTANEOUS GLANDSCUTANEOUS GLANDS

– SEBACEOUS GLANDS- OIL SEBACEOUS GLANDS- OIL GLANDSGLANDS• SEBUM = MIXTURE OF SEBUM = MIXTURE OF

OILY SUBSTANCES OILY SUBSTANCES AND FRAGMENTED AND FRAGMENTED CELLS.CELLS.

– SUDORIFEROUS GLANDSSUDORIFEROUS GLANDS• ECCRINE- ALL OVER ECCRINE- ALL OVER

THE BODYTHE BODY• APOCRINE- CONFINED APOCRINE- CONFINED

TO AXILLARY AND TO AXILLARY AND GENITAL AREASGENITAL AREAS

Hair and Hair FolliclesHair and Hair Follicles

• HAIR IS MOSTLY DEAD HAIR IS MOSTLY DEAD PROTEINPROTEIN

• LOST ITS ABILITIES TO LOST ITS ABILITIES TO RETAIN HEAT OR SCARE RETAIN HEAT OR SCARE OTHER LIVING THINGSOTHER LIVING THINGS

• FUNCTIONS TO CUSHION FUNCTIONS TO CUSHION HEAD, FILTER HEAD, FILTER PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATE MATTER FROM GETTING INTO FROM GETTING INTO LUNGS, AND CHANNEL LUNGS, AND CHANNEL SWEAT AWAY FROM THE SWEAT AWAY FROM THE EYES.EYES.

ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLEARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE

• SMOOTH MUSCLE SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTS CONTRACTS WHEN WE ARE WHEN WE ARE COLD OR COLD OR FRIGHTENED,FRIGHTENED,

THUS THE HAIR THUS THE HAIR BECOME ERECT.BECOME ERECT.

• VESTIGIAL VESTIGIAL ORGANORGAN

SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER- SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER- HYPODERMISHYPODERMIS

• SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE ACTS SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE ACTS BOTH AS AN INSU LATOR, BOTH AS AN INSU LATOR, CONSERVING BODY HEAT, CONSERVING BODY HEAT, AND AS A SHOCK ABSORBER, AND AS A SHOCK ABSORBER, PROTECTING IN TERNAL PROTECTING IN TERNAL ORGANS FROM INJURY. ORGANS FROM INJURY.

• STORES FAT AS AN ENERGY STORES FAT AS AN ENERGY RESERVE IN THE EVENT EXTRA RESERVE IN THE EVENT EXTRA CALORIES ARE NEEDED TO CALORIES ARE NEEDED TO POWER THE BODY. POWER THE BODY.

• THE BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, THE BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, LYMPH VESSELS, AND HAIR LYMPH VESSELS, AND HAIR FOLLICLES CROSS THROUGH FOLLICLES CROSS THROUGH THIS LAYER.THIS LAYER.

NAILSNAILS

• YOUR NAILS YOUR NAILS ARE MADE UP ARE MADE UP OF LAYERS OF OF LAYERS OF KERATIN — A KERATIN — A PROTEIN PROTEIN THAT'S ALSO THAT'S ALSO FOUND IN FOUND IN YOUR HAIR YOUR HAIR AND SKINAND SKIN.

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCESHOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES

• ATHLETE’S FOOTATHLETE’S FOOT

““TINEA PEDIS”TINEA PEDIS”

FUNGAL INFECTIONFUNGAL INFECTION

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCESHOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES

• BOILS AND BOILS AND CARBUNCLES - CARBUNCLES - INFLAMMATION OF INFLAMMATION OF HAIR FOLLICLES HAIR FOLLICLES AND SEBACEOUS AND SEBACEOUS GLANDS GLANDS

CAUSED BY CAUSED BY BACTERIA.BACTERIA.

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCESHOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES

• COLD SORES OR COLD SORES OR FEVER BLISTERS FEVER BLISTERS CAUSED BY THE CAUSED BY THE HERPES SIMPLEX HERPES SIMPLEX INFECTION. VIRUS INFECTION. VIRUS LOCALIZES IN A LOCALIZES IN A CUTANEOUS CUTANEOUS NERVE.NERVE.

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCESHOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES

• CONTACT CONTACT DERMATITIS CAUSED DERMATITIS CAUSED BY THE EXPOSURE OF BY THE EXPOSURE OF THE SKIN TO THE SKIN TO CHEMICALS SUCH AS CHEMICALS SUCH AS THOSE IN POISON IVY THOSE IN POISON IVY THAT PROVOKE THAT PROVOKE ALLERGIC ALLERGIC RESPONSES.RESPONSES.

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCESHOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES

• IMPETIGO IS CAUSED IMPETIGO IS CAUSED BY A HIGHLY BY A HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS CONTAGIOUS STAPHYLOCOCCUS STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION INFECTION CHARACTERIZED BY CHARACTERIZED BY A YELLOW CRUST.A YELLOW CRUST.

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCESHOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES

• PSORIASIS IS A PSORIASIS IS A CHRONIC CONDITION CHRONIC CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY CHARACTERIZED BY REDDENED REDDENED EPIDERMAL LESIONS.EPIDERMAL LESIONS.

BURNSBURNS

• CELL DEATH CELL DEATH CAN BE DUE CAN BE DUE TO INTENSE TO INTENSE HEAT, HEAT, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY, CHEMICALS, CHEMICALS, OR UV OR UV RADIATION.RADIATION.

BURNS EXPOSEBURNS EXPOSETHE BODY TO THE BODY TO DEHYDRATION AND DEHYDRATION AND INFECTIONS.INFECTIONS.

BURNS - “SUPERFICIAL BURNS - “SUPERFICIAL BURNS” BURNS”

• 11STST DEGREE DEGREE BURNS ONLY BURNS ONLY DAMAGE THE DAMAGE THE EPIDERMIS WITH EPIDERMIS WITH THE AREAS THE AREAS BECOMING RED BECOMING RED AND SWOLLEN.AND SWOLLEN.

BURNS – “PARTIAL THICKNESS BURNS – “PARTIAL THICKNESS BURNS”BURNS”

• 22NDND DEGREE BURNS DEGREE BURNS INJURE DERMIS.INJURE DERMIS.

• SKIN IS PAINFUL SKIN IS PAINFUL AND BLISTERS AND BLISTERS APPEAR.APPEAR.

• INVOLVE INJURY INVOLVE INJURY TO THE EPIDERMIS TO THE EPIDERMIS AND THE UPPER AND THE UPPER REGION OF THE REGION OF THE DERMIS.DERMIS.

BURNS – “FULL THICKNESS BURNS – “FULL THICKNESS BURNS”BURNS”

• 33RDRD DEGREE BURNS DEGREE BURNS DESTROY FULL DESTROY FULL THICKNESS OF THE THICKNESS OF THE SKIN.SKIN.

• NEED SKIN NEED SKIN GRAFTS.GRAFTS.

RULE OF NINESRULE OF NINES

• IS USED TO ASSESS IS USED TO ASSESS BURN DAMAGE BY BURN DAMAGE BY DIVIDING THE BODY DIVIDING THE BODY INTO 11 AREAS, EACH INTO 11 AREAS, EACH REPRESENTING REPRESENTING ABOUT 9% OF THE ABOUT 9% OF THE TOTAL BODY TOTAL BODY SURFACE.SURFACE.

• IF MELANOCYTES IF MELANOCYTES TURN TURN CANCEROUS A CANCEROUS A MELANOMA MELANOMA FORMS.FORMS.

SKIN CANCERSKIN CANCER

• BASAL CELL CARCINOMABASAL CELL CARCINOMA SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMASQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA MALIGNANT MELANOMAMALIGNANT MELANOMA

• IN MEN, MELANOMA IS FOUND MOST OFTEN IN MEN, MELANOMA IS FOUND MOST OFTEN ON THE AREA BETWEEN THE SHOULDERS ON THE AREA BETWEEN THE SHOULDERS AND HIPS OR ON THE HEAD AND NECK. AND HIPS OR ON THE HEAD AND NECK.

• IN WOMEN, MELANOMA OFTEN DEVELOPS IN WOMEN, MELANOMA OFTEN DEVELOPS ON THE LOWER LEGS. IT MAY ALSO APPEAR ON THE LOWER LEGS. IT MAY ALSO APPEAR UNDER THE FINGERNAILS OR TOENAILS OR UNDER THE FINGERNAILS OR TOENAILS OR ON THE PALMS OR SOLES. ON THE PALMS OR SOLES.

• THE CHANCE OF DEVELOPING MELANOMA THE CHANCE OF DEVELOPING MELANOMA INCREASES WITH AGE AND IS ONE OF THE INCREASES WITH AGE AND IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON CANCERS.MOST COMMON CANCERS.

TATTOOSTATTOOS

• INJECTS INK INTO INJECTS INK INTO DERMIS LAYER, DERMIS LAYER, THEREFORE IS THEREFORE IS PERMANENT.PERMANENT.

LIPOSUCTIONLIPOSUCTION

• LIPOSUCTION, THE MOST LIPOSUCTION, THE MOST COMMONLY PERFORMED COMMONLY PERFORMED COSMETIC PROCEDURE IN COSMETIC PROCEDURE IN THE UNITED STATES.THE UNITED STATES.

• LIPOSUCTION CAN BE LIPOSUCTION CAN BE PAINFUL, EXPENSIVE, AND PAINFUL, EXPENSIVE, AND LIKE ALL SURGERY LIKE ALL SURGERY CARRIES CERTAIN CARRIES CERTAIN HEALTH RISKS. FAT HEALTH RISKS. FAT COMES BACK!COMES BACK!

FIRST FACE TRANSPLANTFIRST FACE TRANSPLANT20062006

• FIRST FACE FIRST FACE TRANSPLANTTRANSPLANT

FRENCH WOMAN, FRENCH WOMAN, BITTEN OFF BY HER PET BITTEN OFF BY HER PET DOG.DOG.COMPLEX, WILLCOMPLEX, WILLTAKE REJECTION TAKE REJECTION DRUGS FOR REST OF DRUGS FOR REST OF HER LIFE.HER LIFE.HAS HIGHER RISK OF HAS HIGHER RISK OF CANCER AND OTHER CANCER AND OTHER MALADIES.MALADIES.FACE IS IMMOBILE.FACE IS IMMOBILE.

CURRENT STATUSCURRENT STATUS

• CAN SMILE AND CAN SMILE AND BLINKBLINK

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