body language thinkwell coffee empire
TRANSCRIPT
What is Body Language ?
Body language is non-verbal communication involving body movement.
People in the workplace convey a great deal of information without even speaking - through “Gesturing", posture, expressions, etc.
7 % VERBAL (Conveyed through words)
38 % VOCAL (intonation, pitch, pauses, etc)
55 % NON VERBAL (body language)
Why is Body Language so important? what they see vs. what they hear
Long after a meeting, we are likely to have forgotten the exact words someone used, but we may retain a vivid image of the same person's facial expression.
What we are trying to deliver through verbal means might not be exactly similar to what we
are delivering from our non-verbal means.
Non-verbal Cues are Believed
When verbal and nonverbal cues contradict one another, the non-verbal cues are more likely to be believed.
I. KinesicsIt is the study of body movements
to judge the inner state of emotions expressed through different parts of the body.
Expression Interpretation Sideways Glance Suspicion Steady eye contact Active listener No eye contact Disinterest Veiled eyes Boredom
GesturesNotice how you sit, how you stand,
how you use your hands and legs, what you do while talking to someone.
All these indicate your Personality!
Taking Gestures Out of Context(attaching significance to a single gesture)
Gestures should be observed in clusters to provide a more accurate picture of person being observed.
“Gut Feelings”
This “intuition” or gut feeling results from subconscious ability to read another person’s body language.
II. ProxemicsThe nonverbal study of
space and distance.
It is embarrassing if the more we move back the more the other person comes forward.
Let people have their personal space. it.
Territory
IntimateTouching 6-18”
PersonalClose -1½ to 2½ feet
Far - 2½ to 4 ½ feet
Social Close 4-6 feetFar 7-12 feet
Public Close - 12-25 feetFar - 25 feet or greater
Don’t be afraid to take up some space Taking up space by for example sitting or standing with your legs apart a bit signals self-confidence and that you comfortable in your own skin..
Don’t stand too closeDon’t stand too close Remember, everybody gets worried by a
close talker.
Let people have their
personal space, don’t
invade it.
III. HAPTICSBody contact: Accidental
Touch : Deliberate
Types of Touch:
functional
social
genial
passionate
Let us examine How BodyLet us examine How BodyCommunicates from head to Communicates from head to toes toes
What is Stance?What is Stance? ’Stance’ is how we stand in front of our audience, when we speak.
Standing Leg Cross Gestures
Open Formation Gesture
- indicates that an impersonal conversation is probably taking place.
The formation of the triangle invites a third person of similar status to join the conversation.
The foot indicates the direction in which a person would like to go.
You will also notice that she is giving a sideways glance to the man who is using the thumbs-in-belt gesture.
Foot Pointing Gesture
Inclusion and Exclusion Techniques
Two men sizing each other up, using the characteristic hands-on-hips and thumbs-in-belt gestures.
If these two men had been directly facing each other with their feet planted firmly on the ground, a fight would be likely to occur
Male-Male Aggression Gestures
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Body Language
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk Confidence
Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom
Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection
Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles Apprehension
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom
Rubbing hands Anticipation
Sitting with hands clasped behind head, legs crossed Confidence, superiority
Open palm Sincerity, openness, innocence
Pinching bridge of nose, eyes closed Negative evaluation
Tapping or drumming fingers Impatience
Pointing fingers Authoritative
Patting/fondling hair Lack of self-confidence; insecurity
Tilted head Interest
Stroking chin Trying to make a decision
Looking down, face turned away Disbelief
Biting nails Insecurity, nervousness
Pulling or tugging at ear Indecision
SMILEMahatma Gandhi has also mentioned that,
“You are not completely dressed until your face wears a SMILE ".
Do’s and the Don'tsLet us find out.
Don’t touch your face It might make you seem nervous
and can be distracting for the listeners or the people in the conversation.
Have eye contact, but don’t stare
Keeping too much eye-
contact might creep people out.
Giving no eye-contact might make you seem
insecure.
Keep your head up Don’t keep your eyes on the ground, it
might make you seem insecure and a bit lost.
Keep your head up straight and have eye contact.
HandsHands A fist supporting the head is a sign of ’Boredom’.
Hand to Chin & Cheek Indifference/Boredom Gesture
HandsHands Repeated gestures such as ’Thumbs
twidling’ indicate ’boredom’.
HandsHands Hair twirling is another sign of ’Boredom’.
HandsHands The listener is feeling ’Negative’.
Hand under chin with index finger pointing upwards & thumb supporting the chin.
HandsHands Putting pen in your mouth shows that
you may be under
pressure.
Hand Clenching
Clenched HandsClenched Hands High clenched
hands indicate people
who are difficult to
decipher.
Hands Clenched Together
The person would be more difficult to handle when the hands are held high, than he would be with the person whom hands resting on the desk position.
- a frustration gesture, signaling that the person was holding back a negative attitude
Steepling HandSteepling Hand Raised Steeple This position is normally taken when the person is giving his opinions or ideas and is doing the talking. Managers often use this gesture while instructing their subordinates.
Hand Steepling
shown when the hand is on the cheek, not used as a head support
Chin Stroking Gestures
Genuine interest
Forming a Decision Gesture
Thumb Presentation
Hair Stroking and Head Tossing
Hair Twisting
Nod when they are talking -
Nod once in a while to signal that you are listening.
Head Tilt
Backward Head Tilt
Lifted Eyebrow
Nose Flare
Skewed Mouth
Finger(s) to Mouth
Gesture of Interest
Hands Behind Head
Deceit GesturesHand to Mouth, Ear, or EyeHear no evil, speak no evil, see no evil . . .
HandsHands Touching the nose is a signal
lying.
HandsHands Rubbing the eye can
mean that you are ’lying’ or
feel that the other person is lying.
HandsHands Rubbing your ear may mean that you have enough of someone’s lies. Scratching neck means that you are not sure that
you agree.
Pulling collars (Hands)Pulling collars (Hands) The Collar Pull Gesture
When a person is feeling angry or frustrated.
When you see some one doing this you can ask him to clarify his point.
Head-Rubbing and Head-Slapping Gestures
•Forgetfulness Gesture - The slapping of the head communicates forgetfulness.
•If he slaps the back of his neck?
Facial ExpressionFacial Expression Biting the lips:Biting the lips: It is a nervous habit A sign of ’inexperienced liar’.
Facial ExpressionFacial Expression Telling a lie If a five year old child tells a lie to the
parents, the mouth will be deliberately covered with one or both hands, immediately afterwards.
When children are small and tell a lie, their hands fly over their mouth.
Facial ExpressionFacial Expression Telling a lie: When a teenager tells a lie, the hand is brought to
the mouth, but instead of hand slapping gesture over the
mouth, the fingures rub lightly around the mouth.
Mouth GuardMouth Guard Suppress the deceitful
words.
The mouth guard is one of the
few adult gestures copied from
children.
Telling a lieTelling a lie Look at the cluster of gestures
to indicate’deceipt’.Such as finger guarding
(covering) the mouth.
Another form of the guard.
Handshakes
Three basic attitudes are transmitted through the handshake:
DominanceSubmission
Equality
Dominance is shown by turning hand so that palm is facing down during the handshake.
Submission is shown by turning hand so that palm is facing upwards during the handshake.
Equality is shown by turning palm so that it faces neither up nor downwards.
HandshakesHandshakes Handshakes that produce discomfort in
recipient.
Hybrid Handshakes
Glove HandshakeGlove Handshake It is also called a ’Politician’s Handshake’.
He wants to give the impression that he is trustworthy & honest.
But, the receiver feels suspicious.
Knuckle Cruncher Handshake
Fingertip Clasp
Straight-Arm Extension Handshake
Clasping the Arm Handshake
HandshakesHandshakes Handshakes that invade personal space of
the recipient..
PosturePosture Posture can convey self-confidence, status
and interest. Confident people have a relaxed posture, yet
stand erect and walk with assurance.Walking with stooped shoulders projects lack
of confidence.
Don’t slouch, sit up straight!
But in a relaxed way, not in a too tense manner .
PRACTICE
Copying the other person gestures
This 'carbon copying' is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes.
- his arms tightly folded across his chest (defensive)
- chin down (critical or hostile)
- while telling his audience how receptive and open he is to the ideas of young people (?)
Congruence (State of Agreement)
Standard Leg-Cross Position
One leg is crossed neatly over the other, usually the right over the left. - nervous, reserved or defensive attitude
For example - during lectures or if they are on uncomfortable chairs for long periods. - crossed legs gesture with crossed arms --- withdrawn from the conversation
Crossing at the Knee
Don’t cross your arms or Don’t cross your arms or legslegs
They make you seem defensive or guarded.
Keep your arms and legs open.
Ankle to Ankle Leg Cross
Foot Tapping or Wagging
The American Figure 4 Leg Lock PositionThis leg cross indicates that an argumentative or competitive attitude exists.
- figure 4 with one or both hands, using them as a clamp. - the tough-minded, stubborn individual who may need a special approach to break through his resistance
The 4 ’Leg-lock’ PositionThe 4 ’Leg-lock’ Position Sign of ’tough-minded’, stubborn person.
Standard ’Leg-cross’ Standard ’Leg-cross’ PositionPosition
Shows nervous, reserved or defensive attitude.
Both Hands Behind Head
- feeling confident, dominant, or superior about something.
It is also a gesture used by the 'know-it-all' individual and many people find it irritating when someone does it to them.
Seated Readiness Gestures
The readiness gestures that signal a desire to end a conversation or encounter.
Don’t cross your arms
It might make you seem defensive or guarded.
Folding ArmsFolding Arms It is interpreted as ’I am taking a
defensive posture’, or ’I disagree with
what I am hearing’.
Folded Arms With Clenched Fists
Arm Gripping
Single Arm Cross
Sophisticated Arm Cross Barriers
Controlling a person's gaze
Gestures with glasses
The glasses-in-mouth gesture can be used to stall or delay a decision.
In negotiating, it has been found that this gesture appears most frequently at the close of the discussion.
Territorial GesturesPeople lean against other people or objects to show a territorial claim to that object or person.
Leaning can also be used as a method, of dominance or intimidation when the object being leaned on belongs to someone else.
Territorial GestureTerritorial Gesture Indicates pride of
ownership.
Ownership Gestures
Can you decode their Can you decode their body language?body language?
What are people saying?What are people saying?
Can you decode their Can you decode their body language?body language?
PRESENTATION GESTURES
Listing
A Tiny Bit
I’m Determined!
Everything
Small, Medium, Large
Let Me Tell You
Just a Part
I Am Magnanimous
Growth
This and That
Come Together
It’s Just So
I’m Not Hiding Anything
You Listen to Me
Stop
ConclusionConclusion The knowledge of body language helps
us to understand & control our own body language better & helps us improve our communication skills.
ConclusionConclusion
Words are used primarily to convey information,
while body language is used for negotiating interpersonal
attitudes & as a sustitute for verbal message.
ConclusionConclusion
By using positive body language we can successfully ace any
interview, win friends in the society, improve interpersonal
relationships and maintain cordial relationship in family.
Any QuestionAny Question