bluetooth
TRANSCRIPT
PART 1)
Bluetooth?
Logo
HagallBerkanan
Develoed in 1994Jaap Haartsen and Sven Mattison
Ericsson Mobile platform. Lund, Sweden
In 1998Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Intel and Toshiba join Special Interest Group (SIG)
Origin
Name
• Bluetooth old version of Old Norse Blatonn or Danish Blatand.
• Tenth-century king Harald I Baltand of Denmark– United devided Danish tribes
into a single Kingdom.
Version Data Rate SpecificationBluetooth 2.0 + EDR 3 Mb/s
Data transfer rate is 2.1 Mb/s
Lower power consumption
Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR 3 Mb/s
Extended inquiry response
Sniff subbroting
Encryption pause resume
Secure simple paring NFC cooperation
Short range wireless
Bluetooth 3.0 28 Mb/s Very fast High quality
Versions
What is Bluetooth?
• A hardware description• An application framework
Application Framework and Support
Link Manager and L2CAP
Radio & Baseband
Host Controller Interface
RFBaseband
AudioLink Manager LMPL2CAP
TCP/IP HID RFCOMM
Applications
Data
Con
trol
What is Bluetooth?
• A hardware description• An application framework
Modules
Software
RFBaseband
AudioLink Manager LMPL2CAP
TCP/IP HID RFCOMM
Applications
Data
Con
trol
• FHSS-CDMA• GFSK
– Chops up Data and transmits up to 79 frequency (channels)
• Data rate at 1 Mb/s to 480Mb/s– Unlicensed– Secure– Replacing short-range wireless application
• Frequency of 2.4 GHz• Developed by Special Interest Group (SIG)
Specification
Uses
• Low power Consumption• Short range
– Class & Range• 100m Class 1• 10m Class 2• 1m Class 3
• Low-cost transceiver microchip• Transmits 720 kilobits per second• Peripherals at distances up to 30 ft
FHSS and DSSS Power Spectral Densities
2.400 GHz
t0 t2t1
FHSS Networks are Frequency Agile2.4835 GHz
2.400 GHz
DSSS Networks typically use 3 fixed non-overlapping Channels2.4835 GHz
Interference Model
1.94 dwell periods
625 sec
259 sec
BT Transmission slots
1500 byte DSSS Hi Rate Packet(1210 sec)
•The basic piconet physical channel is divided into time slots, each 625 μs in length.
•The time slots are numbered according to the most significant 27 bits of the Bluetooth clock CLK28-1 of the piconet master.
•The slot numbering ranges from 0 to 227-1 and is cyclic with a cycle length of 227. The time slot number is denoted as k.
Collision Analysis for a Multi-Bluetooth Picocells Environment - byTing-Yu Lin and Yu-Chee Tseng
Bluetooth RF Specifications
Specified for low cost, single chip implementation– Noise floor margin for substrate noise and low
current LNA– Linearity set by near-far problem– In-band image allows low-cost low IF– VCO phase noise enables integrated VCO– TX-RX turn around time enables single synthesizer– 2.4 ISM band chosen for global use and process
capabilities
Basic Baseband Protocol
• Spread spectrum frequency hopping radio– 79/23 one MHz channels– Hops every packet
• Packets are 1, 3 or 5 slots long– Frame consists of two packets
• Transmit followed by receive– Nominally hops at 1600 times a second (1 slot packets)
O neSlot
Packet
T hree S lot P acket
Fram e
M aster
S lave
625 usO ne S lot
fk fk+1
O neSlo t
Packe t
Fram e
M aster
S lave
625 usO ne S lo t
fk fk+1
O neSlot
Packet
MM
S
S S
S
P
sb
sb
P
P
Network Topology• Radio Designation– Connected radios can be master
or slave– Radios are symmetric (same radio
can be master or slave) • Piconet
– Master can connect to 7 simultaneous or 200+ active slaves per piconet
– Each piconet has maximum capacity (1 MSPS)
• Unique hopping pattern/ID
• Scatternet– High capacity system
• Minimal impact with up to 10 piconets within range
– Radios can share piconets!
A
D
C
B
E
ID b
IDa
ID c
IDd
IDe
The Piconet
• All devices in a piconet hop together– In forming a piconet, master gives slaves its clock and device ID
• Hopping pattern determined by device ID (48-bit)• Phase in hopping pattern determined by Clock
• Non-piconet devices are in standby• Piconet Addressing
– Active Member Address (AMA, 3-bits)– Parked Member Address (PMA, 8-bits)
M
P
S
S
sb
IDa
ID c
IDd
ID a
IDa
IDa
IDe
IDa
P
M Sor
sb
ID b
Functional Overview• Standby
– Waiting to join a piconet
• Inquire– Ask about radios to connect to
• Page– Connect to a specific radio
• Connected– Actively on a piconet (master
or slave)
• Park/Hold– Low Power connected states
Inquiry Page
ConnectedAMA
T ransm itdataAMA
T typ ical= 0.6s
T typ ical=2s
HO LDAMA
PAR KPMA
T typ ical= 2 m s T typ ica l=2 m s
R e leasesA M A
A dd ressLow Pow er
States
ActiveStates
Standby
ConnectingStates
UnconnectedStandby
Master Paging a slave
• Master pages slave (packet has slave ID) at slave page frequency (1 of 32)– Master sends page train of 16 most likely frequencies in slave hop set
• Slave ID sent twice a transmit slot on slave page frequency• Master listens twice at receive slot for a response
– If misses, master sends second train on remaining 16 frequencies• Slave listens for 11 ms (page scan)
– If correlater triggers, slave wakes-up and relays packet at response frequency– Master responds with FHS packet (provides master’s Device ID and Clock)– Slave joins piconet
625 s
fmfk+2
Master
Slave
fk+1fk
fk+1
ID c ID c
f’k+1f’k
ID c IDc
FHS
fk+2
IDaID a
ID c
Packet Types/Data Rates
0000000100100011
NULLPOLLFHSDM1
NULLPOLLFHSDM1
1
0100010101100111
HV1HV2HV3
DH1
2DV1000
1001101010111100
DM3DH33
110111101111
DM5DH54
TYPESEGMENT ACL link
SCO link
AUX1
DM1
DH1
DM3
DH3
DM5
DH5
108.8
172.8
256.0
384.0
286.7
432.6
108.8
172.8
384.0
576.0
477.8
721.0
108.8
172.8
54.4
86.4
36.3
57.6
TYPE symmetric
asymmetric
Data Rates (Kbps)Packet Types
Mobile = Battery life•Low power consumption*– Standby current < 0.3 mA
3 months– Voice mode 8-30 mA
75 hours– Data mode average 5 mA
(0.3-30mA, 20 kbit/s, 25%) hours
•Low Power Architecture– Programmable data length (else radio sleeps)– Hold and Park modes 60 µA
• Devices connected but not participating• Hold retains AMA address, Park releases AMA, gets PMA address• Device can participate within 2 ms
* Estimates calculated with 600 mAh battery and internal amplifier, power will vary with implementation
Bluetooth Security• Provides link layer security between any two Bluetooth
radios– Authentication (E1 algorithm)
• Challenge/Response system– Encryption (privacy)
• Encrypts data between two devices• Stream cipher with E0 algorithm
– Key management and usage• Configurable Encryption key length (0-16 bytes)
– Government export regulations– Radio negotiate key size
• Key generation with E2-E3 algorithms– Authentication and Encryption keys
Bluetooth Radio Modules• Complete radio on a module
– Designed to meet “Limited Module Compliance” requirements• Pre-certified to meet global regulatory requirements • Allows devices assembled with modules to be “self-certified”
– USB or Serial Interface– Solder-ball connections– External Antennae
CompactFLASH
CardProduction
Module
25 mm dia 17x33mm 19x35mm 25x25mm 36x43mm
The international 2.4 GHz ISM band
• Requirements
– Channel bandwidth limited to 1 MHz
– Spectrum spreading must be employed
– Multiple uncoordinated networks may exist and cause interference
– Microwave ovens also use this band
– 2.4 GHz IC electronics must run at high current levels
• Bluetooth solution
– 1 Mb/s symbol rate exploits maximum channel bandwidth
– Fast frequency hopping and short data packets avoids interference
– CVSD voice coding enables operation at high bit error rates
– Air interface tailored to minimize current consumption
– Relaxed link budget supports low cost single chip integration
Bluetooth is global• One version for the world
– Architecture compliant with global emission rules (2.4 GHz ISM band)
• Working through FCC, EC, MPT for spectrum and power harmonization
– Architecture compliant and safe for use on airlines
• Working with FAA, JAA, FCC, airplane manufacturers and airlines
– Reviewing security architecture with affected countries
Example Software Implementation
• PC Windows* example supporting the Bluetooth usage model– WDM Driver
• Windows* 2000• Windows 98*
Bluetooth Adviser
Speaker Phone
Still Image (User mode
driver)
COMM apps & Obex
HID class driver
Still ImageDriver
StreamingClass Driver
HID minidriver
Audio minidriver
RF Bus Driver (RFBD)
user
kernel
RF Bus Driver Interface
NDISminiport(Access Points)
Network Transport Protocols
USB Minidriver
USB Interface &Host Controller
PC Card Interface &Host Controller
HW
SW
SYSTEM BUS
MS USB Driver Stack
Bluetooth LM
Bluetooth Baseband
Bluetooth LM
Bluetooth Baseband
PC Card driver
TS 07.10
VirtualCOMM
PortEmulation
NDISminiport(PAN)
HCI Driver
Networking Apps
RFCOMM
PART 2)Facts & Trends
Pairing• SMS• Setting up connection.
– Inquire for an access with other device• Device name• Device class• List of services• Technical information
• Only available to connect to one device– Preventing for connect with other while being use
• Inquires for an address– 48-bit address
• Not shown in inquires• Other readable name set by user.
– Appear when being scan
Pairing• Legacy pairing
– Available for devices earlier than 2.1• Limited input devices
– Hand free• Numeric input devices
– Mobile phone• Alpha-numeric input device
– PC, Smartphone
Pairing• Secure simple pairing
– Requirement of 2.1 or later version• Justwork
– No user interaction required– Headsets
• Numeric comparison– Binary input(yes/no)– 6-digits passkey
• Passkey entry– Display and input key
• MITM– Man In The Middle
Health concern•Bluetooth uses the microwave radio frequency
•Between 2.4 GHz and 2.4835 GHz •Maximum power output are
•100 mW for Class 1• 2.5 mW for Class 2•1 mW for Class 3
•Same level power output as mobile phone for class 1•Less dangerous for class 2 and 3
Bluetooth and Hacking• A2DPS
• Bluejacking
• Bluesnarfing
• Bluebugging
BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 3.0 + HS [Vol 0Bluetooth Compliance Requirements1 INTRODUCTIONThe Bluetooth Qualification Program Reference Document (PRD) is the primaryreference document for the Bluetooth Qualification Program and definesits requirements, functions, and policies. The PRD is available on the BluetoothWeb site.Passing the Bluetooth Qualification Process demonstrates a certain measureof compliance and interoperability, but because products are not tested forevery aspect of this Bluetooth Specification, qualification does not guaranteecompliance. Passing the Bluetooth Qualification Process only satisfies onecondition of the license grant. The Member has the ultimate responsibility toensure that the qualified product complies with this Bluetooth Specification andinteroperates with other products.
TYPES OF BLUETOOTH PRODUCTS
Bluetooth Product – Any product containing an implementation of Bluetooth wireless technology. All Bluetooth Products shall be one of the following:
• Bluetooth End Product• Bluetooth Host Subsystem Product• Bluetooth Controller Subsystem Product• Bluetooth Profile Subsystem Product• Bluetooth Component Product• Bluetooth Development Tool• Bluetooth Test Equipment
Bluetooth End Product - An implementation of Bluetooth wireless technology that implements, at a minimum, all mandatory requirements in Radio, Baseband, Link Manager, Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol, Service Discovery Protocol and Generic Access Profile parts of the Specification.Bluetooth Subsystem Product - An implementation of Bluetooth wireless technologythat implements only a portion of the Specification, in compliance withsuch portion of the Specification, and in accordance with the mandatoryrequirements as defined herein. Bluetooth Subsystem Products can be qualifiedsolely for distribution and the use of Bluetooth wireless technology in BluetoothSubsystem Products require such Bluetooth Subsystem Products to becombined with a complementary Bluetooth End Product or one or more complementaryBluetooth Subsystem Products such that the resulting combinationsatisfies the requirements of a Bluetooth End Product. There are three types ofBluetooth Subsystem Products as defined below:• Bluetooth Host Subsystem Product – A Bluetooth Subsystem Product containing,at a minimum, all the mandatory requirements defined in the HostController Interface, Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol, ServiceDiscovery Protocol and Generic Access Profile parts of this Specification,but none of the protocols below Host Controller Interface (HCI). In addition,a Bluetooth Host Subsystem Product may contain, at a minimum, all themandatory requirements defined in one or more of the protocols and profilesabove HCI.
• Bluetooth Controller Subsystem Product – A Bluetooth Subsystem Productcontaining, at a minimum, all the mandatory requirements defined by theBluetooth Radio, Baseband, Link Manager, HCI and optionally any of theAMP Protocol Adaptation Layer parts of this Specification, but none of theProtocols and Profiles above HCI.• Bluetooth Profile Subsystem Product – A Bluetooth Subsystem Product containing,at a minimum, all the mandatory requirements defined in one ormore of the profile specifications.Bluetooth Component Product - An implementation of Bluetooth wireless technology,which does not meet the requirements of a Bluetooth End Product orBluetooth Subsystem product, but implements, at a minimum, all the mandatoryrequirements, if any, of either one or more of any of the protocol and profileparts of the Specification in compliance with such portion of the Specification.Bluetooth Component Products can be qualified solely for distribution and theuse of the Bluetooth wireless technology in Bluetooth Component Productsrequire such Bluetooth Component Products to be incorporated in BluetoothEnd Products or Bluetooth Subsystem Products.Bluetooth Development Tool - An implementation of Bluetooth wireless technology,intended to facilitate the development of new Bluetooth designs. BluetoothDevelopment Tools can be qualified solely for distribution and the use ofthe Bluetooth wireless technology in development of new Bluetooth Products.Bluetooth Test Equipment - An implementation of Bluetooth wireless technology,intended to facilitate the testing of new Bluetooth Products. Bluetooth TestEquipment can be qualified solely for distribution and the use of the Bluetoothwireless technology in testing of new Bluetooth Products. Where necessary,Bluetooth Test Equipment may deviate from the Specification in order to fulfillthe test purposes in the Bluetooth Test Specifications.
IEEE 802.15 MeetingSeptember 11 - 17, 1999
Bluetooth Qualification Program
PART 3)
IEEE 802.15 MeetingSeptember 11 - 17, 1999
Global Market
Qualification vs. Type ApprovalBluetooth Devices
'Bluetooth License' 'License to sell'
Qualification Process Regulatory Type Approval
&
Complies with the specification ?
IEEE 802.15 MeetingSeptember 11 - 17, 1999
Qualification Program: Mission
• Protect the Bluetooth Brand by ensuring
– good performance of products– interoperability of products– clearly stated product capabilities
IEEE 802.15 MeetingSeptember 11 - 17, 1999
Compliance requirements
• Radio link• Protocols (lower layers)• Profiles• Capability information to end-users
IEEE 802.15 MeetingSeptember 11 - 17, 1999
Bluetooth SIG -PM
Bluetooth Qualification Review Board (BQRB)
Bluetooth Qualification Administrator (BQA)
Bluetooth TechnicalAdvisory Board (BTAB)
Manage/review/improve qualification process
Administration of qualification program
Checking declarations, review test reports
Recognized test facility for Bluetooth products
Know-how exchange & forum for problems related to testing and qualification
Bluetooth Qualification Test Facility (BQTF)
Bluetooth Qualification Body (BQB)
Authorization of the Program
IEEE 802.15 MeetingSeptember 11 - 17, 1999
Bluetooth Qualification Process
BQA
BQTF
BQB
Manufacturer
QualifiedProductsDatabase
QualificationProgramDocuments
Test Sample& TCF
Test Report& TCF
Application& Declarationof Compliance
Pull Documentsfrom Web site
Insert into Database:Product Qualified!
PART 4) Ongoing project & H/W implementation
Kansas State UniversityProject Goal Bluetooth is a new standard developed jointly by a host of companies to provide low-cost (< $5 OEM target), high data-rate (approx 1Mb/s), short-range (< 30meters) communication links between consumer devices, ranging from desktop and portable computers to cellular phones and digital cameras. It operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band using Frequency-Hopped Spread Spectrum (FHSS) FSK modulation, with transmit powers in the range of 0 dBm (1 milliwatt). A complete Bluetooth product would include an RF transceiver, digital packet and protocol processing circuits, and an associated host interface.
SPECIFICATIONSBluetooth 2.0+EDR USB ModuleQBTM400-02 (T6)
• Device Overall DescriptionThe QBTM400 is designed to provide Bluetooth2.0 + EDR function on asmall form factor. The Bluetooth function is based on CSR BlueCore4-ROMSingle Chip Bluetooth System, which implements the full speed class 2Bluetooth operations with full 7 slave Piconet support. The interface ofQBTM400 to host system is USB and full compliant with USB V1.1 andcompatible with USB V2.0 Full Speed (12Mbits/s).• BluetoothFeatures- CSR BlueCore4-ROM Single Chip Bluetooth System- Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR support- Full Speed Class 2 Bluetooth operation with full 7 slave Piconet support- Full Speed USB interface compliant with USB V1.1 and compatible withUSB V2.0- Printed PCB antenna on boardSpecification Compliance- Bluetooth Specification V1.1, V1.2, and V.2.0 compliantBluetooth Block Diagram
PART 5)MATLAB Simulink
ApplicationBluetooth Full Duplex Voice and Data Transmission
PART 6) Race
Bluetooth CurrentBLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY GETS FASTER WITH BLUETOOTH 3.0
Tokyo, Japan – April 22, 2009
Bluetooth Core Specification Version 3.0 High Speed Bluetooth 3.0 gets its speed from the 802.11 radio protocol.
Inclusion of 802.11 Protocol Adaptation Layer (PAL) -> increased throughput of data transfers at the approximate rate of 24
Mbps.
In addition, mobile devices including Bluetooth 3.0 will realize increased power savings due to enhanced power control built in.
Target Markets•Telecommunications
Bluetooth Headsets Bluetooth Enabled Phone
• Networking
Target Markets• Industrial
When you arrive at the office..
When you are in a meeting.. When inspecting equipments..
Target Markets• Automotive Car Remote by Bluetooth
• Medical
Bluetooth enabled Sphygmomanometer
Target Markets• Vertical Markets • (Hotels, Airports)
You arrive at the airport.. You are sitting or waiting in the lounge
Bluetooth Devices
Bluetooth PrinterBluetooth Keyboard
Bluetooth MP3 Player
Bluetooth Ultra Mobile PC
Bluetooth CameraBluetooth Projector
Bluetooth Future• Mike Foley, executive director of
The Bluetooth SIGOutlet-Free Houses:“I thought this was about as wireless power was going until I visited the Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications in Tokyo. There, I was told of a project they are working on dubbed "Wall outlet-free houses" to deliver power throughout the house”
Predicting the Winner• “I think the results will be determined “on the court.”
This is exactly why the members of the Bluetooth SIG continue to enhance the specifications and thus the technology to ensure it is the best solution for new use cases such as health and fitness, RF remote controls, home energy management and more. As such, you’ll keep seeing new and exciting Bluetooth products hitting the market as the technology continues to win on the court.”