Blank pet. coke

Ash of pet. Coke/K2CO3bruned in air

Ash of Pet. Coke/K2CO3 burned in O2

Element Blank Pet. Coke Ash of Pet. Coke /K2CO3/air

Ash of Pet. Coke/K2CO3/ O2

  Wt% Atom% Wt% Atom% Wt% Atom%

Na -0.19 -0.51     0.28 0.48

Mg -0.07 -0.18 0.13 0.28 0.04 0.07

Al -0.02 -0.04 -0.06 -0.11 -0.16 -0.24

Si 0.47 1.06 0.37 0.67 0.49 0.68

S 0.23 0.46 4.81 7.68 16.05 19.7

K 0.16 0.26 30.45 39.88 71.98 72.44

Ca 0.14 0.21 -0.89 -1.14 -2.63 -2.58

V 0.59 0.72 0.79 0.79 1.33 1.03

Fe 1.59 1.79     5.98 4.22

Ni 0.17 0.19 0.91 0.8 1.78 1.19

Cu 96.92 96.04 63.49 51.16 4.85 3.01

Test 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fuel NG Pet Coke/NG

Pet Coke/NG/K2CO3

Pet Coke/NG/K2CO3

Pet Coke/NG/K2CO3

Pet Coke/NG/K2CO3

NG flow rate (kg/hr)

0.75 0.76 0.76 0.47 0.47 1.0

Air flow rate (kg/hr)

13 12.7 12.7 14.9 13.3 13.4

O2 flow rate

(kg/hr)

- 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 11.9

Pet coke flow rate (kg/hr)

- 0.7 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.6

K2/S ratio in pet

coke

- - 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

SO2 (ppm) 7.1 347.5 11.2 9.8 5.6 6.6

NO (ppm) 124.7 1284 1174 1067 1191 974

O2 (mole-%) 0.145 2.47 5.0 3.2 4.74 Over (>25%)

SO2 (ppm)

0

2

4

6

8

10

1 31 61 91 121

151

181

211

241

271

301

331

361

391

421

451

481

511

541

571

601

631

661

691

721

751

781

811

841

871

901

931

961

991

1021

1051

1081

NOx (ppm)

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1

33 65 97

129

161

193

225

257

289

321

353

385

417

449

481

513

545

577

609

641

673

705

737

769

801

833

865

897

929

961

993

1025

1057

1089

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1

212

423

634

845

1056

1267

1478

1689

1900

2111

2322

2533

2744

(ppm

) NOx

SO2

SO2 (ppm)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1

97

19

3

28

9

38

5

48

1

57

7

67

3

76

9

86

5

96

1

10

57

11

53

12

49

13

45

14

41

15

37

16

33

17

29

NOx (ppm)

0

500

1000

1500

1

137

273

409

545

681

817

953

1089

1225

1361

1497

1633

1769

The Study of SOx Reduction by K2CO3 in Petroleum Coke Combustion

Burner Dynamics Group, Thomas H. Fletcher, Ash Deposition Group

Sponsor: Plasmatek, Inc

High sulfur content is one of the main factors preventing pet. Coke from being widely used in industry. It was considered to add potassium carbonate (K2CO3) to the petroleum coke so that the potassium reacts with the sulfur

dioxide to form potassium sulfate (K2SO4)

Perform form combustion tests to determine the amount of SO2 reduction from

burning petroleum coke/K2CO3 mixtures in near-stoichiometric amounts of air.

Samples of the parent petroleum coke and the ash collected from the combustion tests were analyzed for elemental composition using the X-Ray associated with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Although SEM is not always as quantitative as we would like, it yield meaningful results. These results confirm that the sulfur is being concentrated in the ash, in conjunction with the potassium. The nickel seems to be concentrated in the ash as well, but the vanadium concentration did not increase significantly. This may indicate some vaporization of the vanadium, or may be due to the inaccuracy of the measurement. This technique also seemed to indicate a substantial amount of copper. The source of the copper is not known, and may indicate contamination from the sampling system or SEM sample preparation system. 

Introduction

Task

Experiment Systems

Burner Flow Reactor Multi-fuel Reactor

Experiment Conditions

Results

SEM quantification

SEM X-ray Spectra

SO2/NOx experiment data

Blank pet. Coke/air

Pet.coke/K2CO3/air

Pet.coke/K2CO3/O2

Conclusion

ACERCBrigham Young UniversityProvo, UT, 84602