This report was implemented, written and edited by Avi Ben Laish, Environmental Consultant ISRAEL December 2007

2

Treatment and Sampling Activities & Report

Concerning the Beaches of Kiryat Haim

This study was supervised and conducted according to the guidelines

issued by the Sea and Shore Division of the Ministry for the Protection of

the Environment- the State of Israel

3

Table of Contents

The Management and Design Team ....................................................4

Introduction..........................................................................................5

The Treatment Procedure.....................................................................6

PRP® ...................................................................................................6

The Properties of PRP® ......................................................................7

How PRP® Works...............................................................................8

..........................................................................................10Oil Sponge

The Implementation of the Treatment ...............................................12

Summary & Conclusions ...................................................................14

Introduction........................................................................................14

Average TPH Indicators ....................................................................14

TPH Indicators for All of the Project's Examinations .......................16

Conclusions........................................................................................17

...........................................................................................18Appendix

4

The Management and Design Team Supervision and Guidelines Ranny Amir- Director

Sea and Shore Division of the Ministry for the

Protection of the Environment

Telephone: +972-4-8633500

Fax: +972-4-8633520

Implementation and Management EasyTop Ltd Technological Solutions for

Environmental Quality

Israel AviTov

Telephone: +972-8-6236488

Fax: +972-8-6651235

Mobile: +972-50-2200475

Functional Planning

Professional Consultant Biotop Technologies Ltd

Avi Ben Laish

Fax: +972-9-8658597

Mobile: +972-52-2599086

E-mail: a-blaish@inter.net.il

Initial Beach Soil Samples Sampling Program

Eco-Tech Environmental Services Ltd

Dr. Adiv Shiprenzak

Telephone: +972-8-6460550

Fax: +972-8-6236080

5

Introduction In September 2007, a serious pollution hazard was created on the beaches of the Haifa

Bay community of Kiryat Haim when two ships in the bay collided with one another.

The Sea and Shore Division of the Ministry for the Protection of the Environment,

headed by Mr. Ranny Amir defined the objectives and manner of treatment that was

conducted under the supervision of the Sea and Shore Division staff until its

successful conclusion and removal of all fuel-based hydrocarbons from the beach's

sands.

Dizengoff Ltd selected Easy-top Ltd to conduct the treatment of the polluted sands.

The biological treatment on the beaches of Kiryat Haim was conducted in a number of

stages as detailed in this report. Complex sand samples were taken during the

treatment as previous noted in the initial detailed report issued by Eco-Tech

Laboratories.

The treatment and samplings were monitored and supervised by Izi Avitov, Avi Ben

Laish and the staff of the Windex Co. Ltd. The treatment included use of a number of

highly advanced substances, the impact of which was critical towards initiating the

biological processes that brought about the desired results.

6

The Treatment Procedure PRP and Oil Sponge were the two substances selected for this treatment.

PRP®

etroleum emediation roduct

The proposal to use this method is aimed at offering an alternative technology, intended as a solution to environmental problems stemming from hydrocarbon wastes and soil pollution in estuarial regions and areas where fuel and natural gas production is prevalent. The rehabilitative efforts conducted in the past, e.g. burn and separate, do not provide the desirable results and do not meet the high standards intended for guaranteeing the security, safety and protection of the environment. This report presents a technology for maintaining and handling fuel/oil spills (polluted soil and water) by means of a product responsive to hydrocarbon wastes that does not contain toxic or dangerous chemicals according to CFR 261.24 Version 40 or SARA Section 313. The Biological Rehabilitative Approach of PRP® PRP®, manufactured by the Pittsburgh-based Petrol Rem Inc is the solution to those problems stemming from oil contamination hazards on both water and land. The product contains a combination of wax and talc enriched with bacterial nourishment and serves as a natural growth bed for microbial cultures when spread over hydrocarbon wastes. PRP® is intended to absorb oils and agglomerate them in a rapid fashion. In the initial stage, nutrients are released to stimulate the growth of microorganisms upon contact with the oily substance. During the next stage, the microorganisms transform the oily substance into short molecule hydrocarbons that merge in nature. This product enhances the vulnerability of the hydrocarbon's volume by means of biological growth.

7

Rejects Water

and Absorbs Oil Non-Hazardous

and Non-Toxic Stimulates

indigenous microorganism growth

Bio augmentation- enhances waste degradation

Minimizes evaporation

PHC Fuel Hydrocarbons + local microorganisms+ H2O+O2+nutrients

pH Heat

CO2 + HO2 +solid waste (compost)

The Properties of PRP® • Responsive to hydrocarbon wastes • An oil-absorbent hydrocarbon • Safe and non-toxic • Enhances the biological destruction of waste • Prevents evaporation • PRP® is an effective tool for treating spreading oil spills in both fresh and salt

water. Even a single treatment clearly shows the biological erosion in the contaminant and later biodegrades itself

• A biological-rehabilitation product specially designed and registered with the EPA since 1990.

• Oleophilic & Hydrophobic

8

How PRP® Works

Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria

A Natural, Absorbent, Solid Compound Made from Wax & Talc

Nutrients as a Food Staple for Microorganisms

PRP®'s low weight causes the product to float on the water's surface, thereby allowing it to absorb the floating oil that can then be removed to a land-based facility where the oil will continue to be digested by the microorganisms included in the product. Since it does not sink and is hydrophobic even after absorbing oil, PRP® has a significant number of important benefits: • Facilitates rapid clean-up • Allows for remote treatment of hard to access areas such as eco-sensitive

marshlands, if left in place the PRP® and oil will biodegrade and minimize the oil's toxic effects.

9

• PRP® reduces the possibility of potential coating damage caused to area wildlife and plants as so often occurs in severe leaks.

• Reduces damage to beaches by preventing the contaminant to infiltrate beneath the sand surface

• If removal of the PRP/oil compound is preferred, total recovered volumes are relatively minimal, contrary to vacuum systems that generate large volumes of contaminated water and only minimal amounts of oil. The recovered compound can then be reintroduced to the soil for continued biodegradation.

10

Oil Sponge

11

Rated by the US Army Corp of Engineers as the "best performing absorbent" Oil Sponge is perfect for use with any oil-based liquid. Not only is it an effective absorbent, it is 100% organic and manufactured from renewable resources. Imagine an environmentally friendly, fast and easy working product that not only absorbs spills better but saves money as well. Oil Sponge includes a compound of micronutrients that breakdown absorbed hydrocarbons (oil) in to simple molecules of carbon dioxide and water. This biodegradation reduces the effects of spillages and leaks on the environment. Oil Sponge comes in a powder format composed of cotton stems, pecan shell membranes and millions of oil eating microbes. The product is made entirely from natural products and is environmentally friendly. The microorganisms devour the oil at an amazingly fast rate, so that what looks like an accident site requiring hours and even days to cleanup, is actually cleaned up within minutes. The resultant waste is a non-hazardous, biodegradable and environmentally friendly solid that within time can be used as a fertilizer.

12

The Implementation of the Treatment At the beach in question, representatives of the Ministry for the Protection of the Environment piled six piles of contaminated sand. The following actions were then implemented: A 1,200-sq.m area lined with polyethylene sheets was prepared and fenced off within a spill containment structure adjacent to the Kiryat Haim Beach. The contaminated sand piles were transferred from the beach to the fenced off area where they were subsequently mixed together. On October 12, 2007 675 kg (50 sacks) of the compound known as "Oil Sponge" was injected and mixed with the contaminated sand. As required, the contaminated sand was then mixed and irrigated with seawater to achieve a level of moisture of approximately 20%. The watering of the sand with seawater was done for the following reasons: √ Ecological aspects √ Use of tap water containing free chlorine would damage biological populations

and not allow the natural biological decomposition process to occur √ Seawater contains natural nutrients √ Availability On October 15, 2007, sand samples were collected in six separate sections and marked according to the sampling program, furthermore in the SE E-1 section of 4 x 4= 12 sq.m. Two sacks of "Fairlight" were injected into the soil in addition to the "Oil Sponge" as part of a mini-pilot to determine the effect of this additive on future treatment results. On October 18, 2007, ten drums containing 295 kg of PRP®, the primary biological treatment compound were injected into the sand compound. Approximately 100kg of the substance included as compound of PRP® + ground corn in order to maintain a 15% moisture level in the sandy soil. On October 22, 2007 seawater was once again pumped from the adjacent beach to the biological treatment platform, a total of approximately 100 cubic meters of seawater were injected. The moisture level measured in the sand undergoing rehabilitation after irrigation was 23%.

13

On November 4, 2007, the contaminated sand was mixed and loosened using an excavator On November 4, 2007, a set of six sand samples were taken from the contaminated sands according to the sampling program attached herein. Samples were sent to Aminolev Laboratories (See the attached results).

14

On November 12, 2007, the contaminated sand was once again mixed and loosened using an excavator and once again dampened. The following guidelines were maintained in the most stringent manner in all of the samplings: ○ Every sample taken contained at least 100g * 3 for every type of examination ○ Each sample was stored in a capped glass jar. The interior of each cap was coated

with a Teflon covering. ○ Each sample removed from the area was kept in a chilled portable container from

the moment it left the contaminated zone until it reached the laboratory. ○ The sampler took the samples while using sterile disposable gloves. ○ The sampler verified that each glass jar was clean before use. ○ The sampler verified that each glass jar was closed tightly. ○ Each glass jar was marked with a label indicating the location from which the

sample was taken. ○ During the sampling taken on December 3, 2007, a representative from the Sea &

Shore Division of the Ministry for the Protection of the Environment was present.

Summary & Conclusions

Introduction The data collected during the treatment period that began on October 15, 2007 to January 1, 2008 show a decrease from 5,753TPH (including fuel hydrocarbons) to an average of 37TPH or less than the recognized levels issued by the Ministry for the Protection of the Environment which is measured at 100TPH for residential areas. The decrease of approximately 99.35% occurred over a period of 75 days.

Average TPH Indicators Table:

Sampling Date Sample

Serial No. Description TPH Levels 17/09/2007 5 Piles 1-6 5,753 15/10/2007 7 - 11 Average Values 1,389 04/11/2007 12 - 17 Average Values 451 04/12/2007 18 - 27 Average Values 219

01/01/2008 30- 28 Average Values 37

15

Graph:

Pile

s 1-

65

17/0

9/20

07

Ave

rage

Val

ues

1704

/11/

2007

Ave

rage

Val

ues

3001

/01/

2008

TPH

5,753

1,389

451219

3701,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Time

TPH Levels

TPH

Trends:

Follow up Graph of TPH Levels

5,753

1,38945121937

-2,000-1,00001,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000

Piles 1-6AverageValues

AverageValues

AverageValues

AverageValues

511172730

17/09/200715/10/200704/11/200704/12/200701/01/2008

TPH

Linear (TPH )

16

TPH Indicators for All of the Project's Examinations

The Decrease in TPH Levels

01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000

12/0

9/20

0712

/09/

2007

12/0

9/20

0712

/09/

2007

17/0

9/20

0715

/10/

2007

15/1

0/20

0715

/10/

2007

15/1

0/20

0715

/10/

2007

15/1

0/20

0704

/11/

2007

04/1

1/20

0704

/11/

2007

04/1

1/20

0704

/11/

2007

04/1

1/20

0704

/12/

2007

04/1

2/20

0704

/12/

2007

04/1

2/20

0704

/12/

2007

04/1

2/20

0704

/12/

2007

04/1

2/20

0704

/12/

2007

04/1

2/20

0701

/01/

2008

01/0

1/20

0801

/01/

2008

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930זמן

TPH

Val

ues

TPH

17

Conclusions √ With proper attention and application, the effectiveness of PRP® combined with

Oil Sponge was proven unequivocally throughout the procedure. √ It was proven that fuel contaminated soils may be treated on location without

having to transport the problem/contamination. √ Within the 75-day treatment period, there was a pronounced decrease (99.35%) of

contamination indicators – TPH. √ It is no longer necessary to evacuate and replace affected soils from their natural

environment. √ The treatment proved fast and cost effective. √ No damage, change or impact was caused to the area's environment. √ The treatment was conducted using non-hazardous materials, thereby avoiding

any risk to human beings and/or animal life within the confines of the treated area. √ It is possible that crews brought to deal with future incidents will be fully trained

in the use of PRP® and Oil Sponge and therefore able to conduct the treatment without the need for a separate treatment bed since it was proven that all of the soil was treated in a homogenous manner.

√ The treatment compounds, PRP® and Oil Sponge remain in the affect soil

environment following the treatment. As long as the substances remain and humidity and circulation conditions maintained, the treatment will continue and hydrocarbon concentration levels will continue to decrease.

18

Appendix Excel Tables for data analysis Sampling tables and analysis Photos from the field

19

Excel Tables for data analysis Date No. Sample No. Description TPH

12/09/2007 1 270911-01B Pile 1 4,031 12/09/2007 2 270911-02A Pile 2 5,432 12/09/2007 3 270911-03A Pile 3 106 12/09/2007 4 270911-04A Pile 4 70 17/09/2007 5 270912-04 Pile 1-6 5,753

Total Values 15,392 Avg. Values 3,078

15/10/2007 6 48279.07-C Soil E-1 274 15/10/2007 7 48280.07-C Soil E-2 1,173 15/10/2007 8 48281.07-C Soil E-3 1,004 15/10/2007 9 48282.07-C Soil E-4 3,382 15/10/2007 10 48283.07-C Soil E-5 889 15/10/2007 11 48284.07-C Soil E-6 224

Total Values 6,946 Avg. Values 1,389

04/11/2007 12 51141.07-C Soil E-1 14 04/11/2007 13 51142.07-C Soil E-2 362 04/11/2007 14 51143.07-C Soil E-3 48 04/11/2007 15 51144.07-C Soil E-4 429

04/11/2007 16 51145.07-C Soil E-5 121 04/11/2007 17 51146.07-C Soil E-6 1,283

Total Values 2,257 Avg. Values 451

04/12/2007 18 56106.07-C Soil E-1 79 04/12/2007 19 56107.07-C Soil E-2 52 04/12/2007 20 56108.07-C Soil E-3 120 04/12/2007 21 56109.07-C Soil E-4 454 04/12/2007 22 56110.07-C Soil E-5 121 04/12/2007 23 56111.07-C Soil E-6 880 04/12/2007 24 56112.07-C Soil E-7 176 04/12/2007 25 56113.07-C Soil E-8 14 04/12/2007 26 56114.07-C Soil E-9 74

20

04/12/2007 27 56115.07-C Soil E-10 223

Total Values 2,193 Avg. Values 219

01/01/2008 28 00240.08-C Soil EZY-1 24 01/01/2008 28 00241.08-C Soil EZY-2 63 01/01/2008 28 00242.08-C Soil EZY-3 23

Total Values 110 Avg. Values 37

No.DateTPH 112/09/20074,031212/09/20075,432312/09/2007106412/09/200770517/09/20075,753615/10/2007274715/10/20071,173815/10/20071,004915/10/20073,382

1015/10/20078891115/10/20072241204/11/2007141304/11/20073621404/11/2007481504/11/20074291604/11/20071211704/11/20071,2831804/12/2007791904/12/2007522004/12/20071202104/12/20074542204/12/20071212304/12/20078802404/12/20071762504/12/2007142604/12/2007742704/12/20072232801/01/2008242901/01/2008633001/01/200823

21

TPH Levels

01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000

Pile 1Pile 2Pile 3Pile 4Pile

1-6

Soil

E-1

Soil

E-2

Soil

E-3

Soil

E-4

Soil

E-5

Soil

E-6

Soil

E-1

Soil

E-2

Soil

E-3

Soil

E-4

Soil

E-5

Soil

E-6

Soil

E-1

Soil

E-2

Soil

E-3

Soil

E-4

Soil

E-5

Soil

E-6

Soil

E-7

Soil

E-8

Soil

E-9

Soi

lE

-10

Soi

lE ZY

-1

Soi

lE ZY

-2

Soi

lE ZY

-3

1234 1-6 E-1

E-2

E-3

E-4

E-5

E-6

E-1

E-2

E-3

E-4E-5 E-6

E-1

E-2

E-3

E-4

E-5 E-6

E-7

E-8 E-9

E-10

E-1E-2E-3

270911-

270911-

270911-

270911-

270912-04

48279.07-C

48280.07-C

48281.07-C

48282.07-C

48283.07-C

48284.07-C

51141.07-C

51142.07-C

51143.07-C

51144.07-C

51145.07-C

51146.07-C

56106.07-C

56107.07-C

56108.07-C

56109.07-C

56110.07-C

56111.07-C

56112.07-C

56113.07-C

56114.07-C

56115.07-C

00240.08-C

00241.08-C

00242.08-C זמן

ג)ק"

ג/מ"

) TP

Hכי ער

TPH Levels

Monitoring Contaminated Sands at Kiryat Haim Beach Date No. Description TPH 17/09/2007 5 Piles 1-6 5,753 15/10/2007 11 Average Values 1,389 04/11/2007 17 Average Values 451 04/12/2007 27 Average Values 219 01/01/2008 30 Average Values 37

22

Pile

s 1-

65

17/0

9/20

07

Ave

rage

Val

ues

1704

/11/

2007

Ave

rage

Val

ues

3001

/01/

2008

TPH

5,753

1,389

451219

3701,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Time

TPH Levels

TPH

Follow up Graph of TPH Levels

5,753

1,38945121937

-2,000-1,00001,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000

Piles 1-6AverageValues

AverageValues

AverageValues

AverageValues

511172730

17/09/200715/10/200704/11/200704/12/200701/01/2008

TPH

Linear (TPH )

23

Sampling & Analysis Drawings

Dat

e of

Sam

plin

g: O

ctob

er 1

5, 2

007

Not

e: th

e sa

mpl

es w

ere

colle

cted

afte

r the

sand

was

spre

ad o

ut a

nd m

ixed

with

a d

ry b

atch

of O

il Sp

onge

and

with

out P

RP

Con

tam

inat

ed S

and

Nor

th

24

Sampling Data as Received from Aminolev Laboratories from Oct. 15 sampling

25

Dat

e of

Sam

plin

g: N

ovem

ber 4

, 200

7 N

ote:

Thi

s is a

com

plex

sam

plin

g. T

hree

mix

ed sa

mpl

es w

ere

extra

cted

from

eac

h dr

ill h

ole.

The

sam

ples

wer

e ta

ken

afte

r an

exca

vato

r mix

ed th

e so

il an

d re

ceiv

ed a

dos

e of

PR

P on

Oct

ober

15,

200

7. T

he se

ctio

n w

as ir

rigat

ed o

n N

ovem

ber 4

, 200

7.

E-1

So

uth

Eas

t

E-2

So

uth

Wes

t

Con

tam

inat

ed S

and

E-3

M

id E

ast

E-4

M

id W

est

Wes

t

Nor

th

Eas

t

Nor

th

Wes

t

Nor

th

26

Sampling Data as Received from Aminolev Laboratories from Nov. 4 sampling

27

Dat

e of

Sam

plin

g: D

ecem

ber 3

, 200

7 C

olle

cted

in th

e pr

esen

ce o

f Hili

k fr

om th

e Se

a &

Sho

re D

ivis

ion

of th

e M

inis

try fo

r the

Pr

otec

tion

of th

e En

viro

nmen

t. Th

e sa

mpl

es w

ere

then

sent

to A

min

olev

Lab

orat

orie

s

E-1

So

uth

Eas

t

E-2

So

uth

Wes

t

E-7

M

id- E

ast

E-5

N

orth

Eas

t E

-3

Mid

-Eas

t

Con

tam

inat

ed S

and

E-4

M

id-W

est

E-6

N

orth

Wes

t E

-8

Mid

- Eas

t

E-1

0 M

id- E

ast

E-9

M

id- E

ast

Nor

th

28

Sampling Data as Received from Aminolev Laboratories from Dec. 3 sampling

29

Sam

ple

Col

lect

ion

of C

onta

min

ated

San

ds J

anua

ry 1

, 200

8

E-4

M

id-W

est

Wes

t

Sea

Sho

re

Nor

th

30

Sampling Data as Received from Aminolev Laboratories from Jan. 1 sampling

31

Photographs from the Work Site

Building the Piles of Contaminated Sands

32

Building the Work Platform Infrastructure, Laying the Polyethylene Sheets, Fencing and Signs

33

Mixing the Contaminated Sand, Pumping Sea Water to Irrigate the Work Surface during the Biological Treatment

34

Spreading PRP, Microorganisms and Oil Sponge over the Contaminated Sands

35

36

37